THE PROBLEM SOLVING &DECISION MAKING

WHAT IS THE PROBLEM

• The dictionary suggests that a problem is (a Q raised for inquiry consideration ,a Q whose answer is doubtful or difficult to find)

• Or something has gone wrong and u don't know why

• Or an event has occurred and there has been deviation from expectation

• Ex (plan missed deadlines or sales goals)

THE PROBLEM – SOLVING PROCESS

• 1-recognition and perception.

• 2-problem statement.• 3-problem profile

(gathering data).• 4-analyze and

interpret.• 5 confirm

conclusions.

1-recognition and perception

• Recognition involves the identification of a problem

• Ur experience and observation suggest a problem exists

• Perception make u aware that problem can arise and the viewpoint u chose to take in approaching problem

2-problem statement

• A problem statement summarizes the problem in order to come up with an inclusive definition which both sums up the problem while containing all its components

3-problem profile

• The problem profile is where you begin to break down the problem into specific components in order to create an outline of the problem area

• What?• Who?• When?• Where?• How much ?

4-analyze and interpret.

• It is important to examine the facts and how they related to each other .

• Interpretation involves clarifying the problem further and explaining reasons for the issues.

• From this analysis solution are developed

5 confirm conclusions

• After analyzing the problem it is necessary to verify your findings .

• Confirming conclusions involves justifying and validating your discoveries and data in order to come up with a concise summary of the problem .

• On the basis of the analysis and the resulting conclusion, recommendation for future action and alternative plan of action

WHAT IS A DECISION

• Decision is a determination or choice arrived at after careful consideration

• It is a conclusion or solution after a process of deliberation

• Effective decision making is critical to the success of every organization ( and social institution)

• Good decision making can be learned there is a simple and effective process these techniques are not difficult.

THE DECISION – MAKING PROCESS

• 1-Decision Statement• 2-Formulate Criteria• 3-Generate

Alternatives• 4-Compare and

Evaluate• 5-Make the Decision

1-Decision Statement• A decision statement is a clean

definition of what u want to achieve. While a decision statement should be precise and indicate ur purpose.

• Why do u need to make the decision and what will it accomplish ?

• D s contains the key words that describe the object the action and the modifiers.

• Be balanced don't make the decision statement narrow (eliminate new and creative possibilities) or broad (that is hard to do and ambiguous )

2-Formulate Criteria

• U R drafting an outline of specific requirements that r absolutely necessery regarding ur decision

• These standards or guidelines should be to the point and measurable

• Think about goals,desires and outcomes u hv in mind

• Think abot ur time restriction ,budget ,impact ,qun or qul requirements ,material and equipments

• Classify criteria into 2 gps MUSTs & WANTs

3-Generate Alternatives

• Generating alternatives involves forming a list of option available to u in addition to ur criteria

• Some alternatives will emerge naturally or ur experience will guide u to possible options

4-Compare and Evaluate

• Comparing means to contrast and equate the alternatives and criteria evaluation assessing and judging the alternatives and criteria in order to form rank or estimate the value of each.

• Make an objective comparison to see how each alternative performs againt each other

5-Make the Decision

• Making a decision involves taking all of choices into consideration choosing the best available option ,and acting on the decision.

THANK U