UNFCCC Workshops on Synergies and UNFCCC Workshops on Synergies and Cooperation with other ConventionsCooperation with other Conventions

Espoo, Finland, 2-4 July 2003Espoo, Finland, 2-4 July 2003

Biological Diversity Biological Diversity PerspectivesPerspectives

David Cooper, CBD SecretariatDavid Cooper, CBD Secretariat

Convention on Biological Convention on Biological DiversityDiversity

Objectives:Objectives:

• Conservation of biological diversityConservation of biological diversity

• Sustainable use of its componentsSustainable use of its components

• Fair and equitable sharing of Fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resourcesutilization of genetic resources

Ecosystem Approach - Ecosystem Approach - framework for implementationframework for implementation

Operational guidance:Operational guidance:

• Focus on functional relationships and Focus on functional relationships and processes in ecosystems processes in ecosystems

• Enhance benefit sharingEnhance benefit sharing

• Use adaptive management practicesUse adaptive management practices

• Carry out actions at the appropriate Carry out actions at the appropriate scalescale

• Ensure inter-sectoral cooperationEnsure inter-sectoral cooperation

2010 target (COP-6/WSSD)2010 target (COP-6/WSSD)

A significant reduction of the A significant reduction of the current rate of loss of biological current rate of loss of biological diversity.diversity.

CBD cooperationCBD cooperation

Joint work programmes:Joint work programmes:• Ramsar ConventionRamsar Convention• UNCCDUNCCDCooperation on work programmes:Cooperation on work programmes:• FAO on agricultural biodiversityFAO on agricultural biodiversityRecognition of role of other agreements:Recognition of role of other agreements:• International Treaty on PGRFAInternational Treaty on PGRFA• International Plant Protection International Plant Protection

ConventionConvention

Rationale for synergies and Rationale for synergies and cooperationcooperation

• Climate change and desertification/ Climate change and desertification/ land degradation are major causes land degradation are major causes of biodiversity lossof biodiversity loss

• Biodiversity management can Biodiversity management can contribute to climate change contribute to climate change mitigation and adaptation and to mitigation and adaptation and to combating desertificationcombating desertification

• All three Conventions contribute to All three Conventions contribute to sustainable developmentsustainable development

Climate ChangeClimate Change

Impact on Impact on BiodiversityBiodiversity

Impact on WelfareImpact on Welfare

Climate ChangeClimate Change

Impact on Impact on BiodiversityBiodiversity

Impact on WelfareImpact on Welfare

CC Mitigation CC Mitigation MeasuresMeasures

CC Adaptation CC Adaptation MeasuresMeasures

Climate ChangeClimate Change

Impact on Impact on BiodiversityBiodiversity

Impact on WelfareImpact on Welfare

CC Mitigation CC Mitigation MeasuresMeasures

CC Adaptation CC Adaptation MeasuresMeasures

Climate ChangeClimate Change

Impact on Impact on BiodiversityBiodiversity

Impact on WelfareImpact on Welfare

CC Mitigation CC Mitigation MeasuresMeasures

CC Adaptation CC Adaptation MeasuresMeasures

Mitigation and Adaptation Mitigation and Adaptation MeasuresMeasures

Adaptation Adaptation measures measures to mitigate to mitigate impact of impact of CC on BDCC on BD

BD-linked BD-linked measures measures to mitigate to mitigate

CCCC

Adaptation Adaptation measures measures to mitigate to mitigate CC impactsCC impacts

Basis in UNFCCCBasis in UNFCCC

• Ultimate objective of UNFCC: Ultimate objective of UNFCC: Stabilization of greenhouse gas Stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations within a timeframe concentrations within a timeframe sufficient [sufficient [inter aliainter alia] to allow ecosystems ] to allow ecosystems to adapt to climate change (art. 2)to adapt to climate change (art. 2)

• Promote and cooperate in the Promote and cooperate in the conservation and enhancement of sinks conservation and enhancement of sinks and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, and reservoirs of greenhouse gases, including biomass, forests and oceans as including biomass, forests and oceans as well as other terrestrial, coastal and well as other terrestrial, coastal and marine ecosystems (art. 5)marine ecosystems (art. 5)

CBD ProvisionsCBD Provisions

• Integrate biodiversity into sectoral and Integrate biodiversity into sectoral and cross-sectoral activities (art. 6)cross-sectoral activities (art. 6)

• Identify threats to biodiversity (art. 7)Identify threats to biodiversity (art. 7)• Manage threats to biodiversity (art. 8)Manage threats to biodiversity (art. 8)• Adopt incentive measures (art.11)Adopt incentive measures (art.11)• Promote environmental assessments Promote environmental assessments

(art.14)(art.14)

CBD COP-5 DecisionsCBD COP-5 Decisions

Referred to interactions between climate Referred to interactions between climate change and biodiversity in a number of change and biodiversity in a number of areas:areas:

• Coral bleachingCoral bleaching• Forest biodiversityForest biodiversity• Incentive measuresIncentive measuresUrged strengthened cooperation with Urged strengthened cooperation with

UNFCCC on these matters, and on:UNFCCC on these matters, and on:• Biodiversity of dry and sub-humid landsBiodiversity of dry and sub-humid lands

CBD COP-5 DecisionsCBD COP-5 Decisions

• Urges UNFCCC to take all actions to Urges UNFCCC to take all actions to reduce effects of climate change on reduce effects of climate change on coral bleachingcoral bleaching

• Urges Parties and Governments to Urges Parties and Governments to explore how incentive measures under explore how incentive measures under UNFCCC and Kyoto can support CBD UNFCCC and Kyoto can support CBD objectivesobjectives

• Requests SBSTTA to prepare scientific Requests SBSTTA to prepare scientific advice to integrate biodiversity advice to integrate biodiversity considerations into the implementation considerations into the implementation of the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocolof the UNFCCC and its Kyoto Protocol

Follow up to COP-5Follow up to COP-5• Executive Secretary:Executive Secretary:

– Consultations with UNFCCC Secretariat Consultations with UNFCCC Secretariat and IPCC Chair and IPCC Chair

– Assembled relevant informationAssembled relevant information– Presented an information note to Presented an information note to

UNFCCC CP.6 and SBSTA 13(ii)UNFCCC CP.6 and SBSTA 13(ii)• SBSTA invited views of UNFCCC PartiesSBSTA invited views of UNFCCC Parties• SBSTTA-6:SBSTTA-6:

– Established AHTEGEstablished AHTEG– Invited IPCC to prepare a Technical PaperInvited IPCC to prepare a Technical Paper

Ad hocAd hoc Technical Expert Group Technical Expert Group

• Government nominated experts (invited Government nominated experts (invited through CBD and UNFCCC focal points), through CBD and UNFCCC focal points), plus othersplus others

• Co-chairs: Outi Berghall and Robert Co-chairs: Outi Berghall and Robert Watson Watson

• Three meetingsThree meetings• Expert and Government ReviewExpert and Government Review• Side event at SBSTA-18Side event at SBSTA-18• Report and Executive Summary to be Report and Executive Summary to be

presented to SBSTTA-9presented to SBSTTA-9

AHTEG ReportAHTEG Report• Biodiversity: linkages to climate changeBiodiversity: linkages to climate change• Observed and projected impacts of Observed and projected impacts of

climate change on biodiversityclimate change on biodiversity• Climate change mitigation and Climate change mitigation and

adaptation options: links to and impact adaptation options: links to and impact of biodiversityof biodiversity

• Approaches for supporting planning, Approaches for supporting planning, decision making and public discussiondecision making and public discussion

• Selected case studiesSelected case studies

AHTEG Report - Some ConclusionsAHTEG Report - Some Conclusions

• Significant opportunities for mitigating Significant opportunities for mitigating climate change, and for adapting to climate change, and for adapting to climate change while enhancing the climate change while enhancing the conservation of biodiversityconservation of biodiversity

• LULUCF activities can play important LULUCF activities can play important role in reducing net emissionsrole in reducing net emissions

• Conservation of biodiversity and Conservation of biodiversity and maintenance of ecosystem structure and maintenance of ecosystem structure and function can contribute to adaptation function can contribute to adaptation strategiesstrategies

AHTEG Report - Some ConclusionsAHTEG Report - Some Conclusions

• Clear opportunity to implement Clear opportunity to implement mutually beneficial activitiesmutually beneficial activities

• These opportunities rarely realized These opportunities rarely realized because of lack of coordination at because of lack of coordination at national and international levelsnational and international levels

• Range of tools available to assess Range of tools available to assess impacts and aid decision-makingimpacts and aid decision-making

Lessons from case studiesLessons from case studies• 11: scope for afforestation, reforestation, improved forest management and avoided : scope for afforestation, reforestation, improved forest management and avoided

deforestation activities to be harmonized with biodiversity conservation. deforestation activities to be harmonized with biodiversity conservation.

• 22: linking biodiversity with community livelihood options provides a good basis for : linking biodiversity with community livelihood options provides a good basis for CDM projects to advance sustainable development. CDM projects to advance sustainable development.

• 33: The neglect and/or omission of social, environmental and economic : The neglect and/or omission of social, environmental and economic considerations can lead to conflicts and undermine successconsiderations can lead to conflicts and undermine success

• 44: Countries and key stakeholders need to have the necessary information, tools : Countries and key stakeholders need to have the necessary information, tools and capacity to balance environment, social and development goals. and capacity to balance environment, social and development goals.

• 55: Some minimum environmental and social norms could avoid perverse : Some minimum environmental and social norms could avoid perverse outcomes. outcomes.

• 66: Appropriate analytical tools and instruments can help guide decision making; : Appropriate analytical tools and instruments can help guide decision making; adaptive management; and learning and replicationadaptive management; and learning and replication

• 77: Baseline data, inventories and monitoring are required: Baseline data, inventories and monitoring are required

• 88: The ecosystem approach provides a good basis to guide the formulation of : The ecosystem approach provides a good basis to guide the formulation of climate change mitigation policies/projects and conservation of biodiversity.climate change mitigation policies/projects and conservation of biodiversity.