Bio 12 Unit F: Homeostasis & Homeostatic Hero:

Unifying Concepts of Biology Unit F Standards:

• I can describe the structural hierarchy of the body: cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism• I can describe the structure and function of the 4 types of tissues: epithelial,

connective, muscle and nervous• I can state the structures (organs) of the 12 organ systems• I can describe the function of the 12 organ systems• I can explain how and why animals regulate their bodies via homeostasis• I can provide examples of negative feedback loops at work in the human body and

explain why they function to maintain homeostasis

Climbing Walls:• ___________________ is a familiar character known for his ability to climb

walls• Geckos, small lizards commonly found in the tropics, can walk up a wall and

across ceilings, but how do they do this?• The explanation relates to hairs called ____________, on the gecko’s toes

containing many split ends called _______________• The ability to “stick” to surfaces results from ____________________

between molecules on the spatulae and the surface on which the gecko is crawling

The Hierarchy of Structural Organization in an AnimalCorrelation between structure and function is one of biology’s most fundamental concepts

• Structure fits function in the animal body• _____________________ is the study of structure• _____________________ studies how structures function• The functions of specific structures result from their specific structures

• Animal structure has a ___________________________• Structure in the living world is organized in a series of hierarchical

______________

• ___________________ are groups of many similar cells with a common _______________ and that perform a specific _____________________

• ____________________ tissue covers the body and lines its organs and cavities• Epithelial tissue occurs as ___________________ of closely packed cells that _____________ surfaces

and _____________ the cavities and tubes of internal organs• Epithelial tissue functions in ___________________, ___________________, and __________________

• ________________________________ tissue binds and supports other tissues• The various types of connective tissue are characterized by _____________ cells in an extracellular gel

matrix• Connective tissue _________________ and ___________________ other tissues

• _______________________ tissue functions in movement• ______________________ muscle is responsible for voluntary body movements• ______________________ muscle pumps blood• ______________________ muscle moves the walls of internal organs such as the stomach

• N_________________ tissue forms a communication network• The branching neurons of nervous tissue transmit nerve signals that help control body activities

CONNECTION• ___________________ tissues have medical uses

• Artificial tissues can assist in the _______________ of several injuries

• Several tissues are organized to form an _____________• Each organ is made of several tissues that collectively perform specific __________

Organ systems work together to perform _______________ functions Each organ system has one or more _____________________ The _____________________ and ___________________ systems gather food and oxygen

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• The ___________________ system, aided by the ________________ system, transports the food and oxygen

• The _________________ system protects the body from infection and cancer

• The ___________________ system disposes of certain wastes• The ___________________ and __________________ systems control body functions

• The ___________________________ system covers and protects the body• ___________________ and ____________________ systems support and move the body

• The __________________________ system perpetuates the species

The _______________________ system controls body movement, functioning via communication through nerves

CONNECTION• New imaging technology reveals the inner body

• New technologies enable us to see body organs without surgery• X-rays

• X-rays can be used for imaging ___________ and ____________

• CT• Computed tomography (CT) scans are excellent _____________________ tools

• MRI• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows visualization of _____________ tissues

• MRM• Magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) provides

_________________________________ images of very _________________ structures

• PET• Positron-emission tomography (PET) yields information about _____________________ processes at

______________________ locations in the body

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Exchanges with External Environments• ____________________ adaptations enhance exchange between animals and their environment

• Small animals with simple body construction have enough ________________ _____________ to meet their cells’ needs

• Larger, complex animals have _______________________ structures that increase surface area• Exchange of materials between _______________ and body cells takes place through the

_________________ fluid

• The ____________________________ system has an enormous internal surface area

• Animals _________________ their internal environment in response to changes in external conditions• Animals regulate their internal environment to achieve _________________________, an

internal steady state

• Homeostasis depends on _________________feedback• Negative feedback mechanisms keep internal variables fairly ________________, with small fluctuations

around set points

YOUR TURN!!• To help understand the connection between the body systems and homeostasis go to this website:

https:// ats.doit.wisc.edu/biology/ap/ho/ho.htm and proceed through the 3 topics in order1. Ben’s Bad Day2. Ben’s Homeostasis: The Inside Story3. Does Ben Have Diabetes?