What’s going to kill you?

What will you die of?

Objective- what are the global patterns of disease and what

influences the spread of disease?

What sub-questions do we need to ask..

Who is more likely to get sick?

What is more likely to kill you?

Tuberculosis

BilharziaCancer

HIV/AIDSMalaria

Dengue

Diabetes

Coronary heart diseaseAlzheimers

Diorrhoea

Neo-natal infections

Road traffic accidentsAlcohol

Optional unit F: The Geography of food and health

Part 3 - Disease

Global patterns of disease• Explain the global distribution

of diseases of affluence• Explain the global distribution

of diseases of poverty

Key terms

• Prevalence – the number of cases (of a particular disease) per 10,000population.

• Incidence – the number of confirmed cases annually

• Communicable diseases – those which are infectious, e.g. malaria, HIV/AIDS

• Non-communicable diseases – those that are degenerative, e.g. heart disease, cancer

How are diseases spread?

• Some are passed from direct contact e.g.• Some are passed via water or the air e.g.• Some are passed by a third party e.g.

• What is contagious diffusion?• What is hierarchal diffusion?• What is expansion diffusion• What is relocation diffusion?

• Some are germ based and some bacterial based

Add ten more diseases to this list

Tuberculosis

BilharziaCancer

HIV/AIDSMalaria

Dengue

Diabetes

Coronary heart diseaseAlzheimers

Diorrhoea

Neo-natal infections

Road traffic accidentsAlcohol

How can diseases

be classified

?

How can diseases

be classified?

DiseaseE.g. malaria, cancer, heart disease etc.

TypeE.g. infectious, parasitic, viral, etc.

Means of transmissionE.g. mosquito, water, food, sexual

DurationE.g. Gradual, sudden or rapid onset etc.

Note – this is not an exhaustive list of classification categories

Diseases of poverty

• Infectious or communicable diseases• Usually contagious and transmitted

through close human contact or through VECTORS (transmitters such as insects).

• Spread rapidly in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions associated with poverty.

• Examples: malaria, diarrhoeal diseases, HIV/AIDS

Diseases of affluence

• Non-communicable, chronic diseases• Degenerative diseases; often associated with old

age but also affecting young people now too• Factors such as smoking, high energy diet (e.g.

high fat/salt/sugar), low levels of physical activity, high alcohol consumption and exposure to air pollution in urban areas – are thought to induce degenerative diseases at a much earlier age, such as 40-50.

• Examples: heart disease, stroke, chronic respiratory failure, cancer

The epidemiological transition model

• Using p.273 of the IB Geography course companion, describe what the epidemiological transition model is.

• How does the ETM relate to diseases of poverty and diseases of affluence?

Critically evaluate the use of the terms “disease of affluence” and “disease of

poverty”

Does where we live affect how healthy we

are?http://flutracker.rhizalabs.com/

Research www.unaids.org www.worldaidsday.org www.avert.org/africa-hiv-aids-statistics.htm

Tuberculosis cases in 2003 source: worldmapper

TB

What factors, that are linked to where we live, might affect how healthy we are?

• HDI• Health expenditure• Level of education• Latitude (e.g. tropical diseases)• Disparities within countries• Cultural attitudes towards disease – e.g. “healers” and peoples’

attitude towards them. Are there fewer people getting X disease or is it just not diagnosed?

• Globalisation – and the movement of people – e.g. people getting SARS and the H1N1 virus from Mexico

• This list is by no means exhaustive!! Add a sentence to each and add six more..

Does where we live affect how healthy we are?

Mapping diseases

• Find a map of your continent• Choose 5 countries (try to get a range within the continent)• Find out whether these countries are LICs, NICs, or HICs (to help

you, find their rating on the HDI, 2011)• Using the WHO website, find some stats about diseases in your 5

countries (go to the data/stats section and then look at individual countries’ data on the WHO website)

• Answer the following questions: • To what extent does an individual’s geographic location

affect their health? (10m) Use the student work to answer the question….

• http://maps.google.com/maps/ms?ie=UTF8&oe=UTF8&msa=0&msid=106484775090296685271.0004681a37b713f6b5950