treaty of versailles= germany in huge economic depression = hitler able to come onto the scene goes...
TRANSCRIPT
Chapter 34Origins of WWII
Germany After WWI Treaty of Versailles= Germany in HUGE economic
depression = Hitler able to come onto the scene Goes against the Treaty of Versailles by re-arming
Germany and in 1936 taking control of the Rhineland- League of Nations does nothing
1938 takes Sudetenland- an area of Czechoslovakia France and Britain meet with Germany and Hitler
says that is all he wants Munich Pact: the 1938 agreement in which
Britain and France appeased Hitler by agreeing that Germany could annex the Sudetenland, a German-speaking region of Czechoslovakia- signed by France, Italy, GB and Germany
Leaders All these leaders are fueled by Nationalism Stalin
› Leader of the Soviet Union› totalitarianism: a system in which the government
totally controls all aspects of a society, including the economy
› Those who disagreed went to concentration camps› Great Purge
Mussolini › Italy› fascism: a political movement based on an extreme
nationalism in which the state comes first and individual liberty is secondary
› Il Duce, Secret Police, and censorship
Leaders Hitler
› Nazism: a form of fascism that promoted the belief that Germans and other Nordic peoples were superior to other races
› Aryan Race and Mein Kampf› Third Reich- Der Furher
Tojo-Japan- Prime Ministermilitarism: the glorification of military
power and values
Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response
Americans favor isolationism Japan in China
› Takes over Manchuria› 1932, the League of Nations ordered Japan to withdraw
its army from the region. Japan refused, choosing to withdraw from the League instead.
› 1937 The rape of Nanjing 300,000 Chinese civilians and brutally raped about 20,000 Chinese women.
› Roosevelt makes “quarantine speech”› Roosevelt’s “quarantine” speech did nothing to stop
Japan. By 1941, Japan had added French Indochina to its Asian empire to go along with Formosa (now called Taiwan), Korea, large areas of China, and several small Pacific islands
Military Aggression Meets a Weak Response
Italy takes Ethiopia, Spanish Civil War: a civil war from 1936 to 1939 in which the Spanish military and its right-wing allies, known as the Nationalists, overthrew Spain's democratic republic, Hitler takes the Rhineland, Austria, and Sudentenland
U.S. signs neutrality acts: legislation passed by Congress in 1936 and 1937 designed to keep the United States out of European conflicts, such as the Spanish Civil War
Hitler Plunges Europe into War
Hitler Signs a Nonaggression Pact with Stalin
On September 1, 1939, the German army marched east into Poland. Two days later, France and Britain—the Allied powers—declared war on Germany. World War II had begun.
blitzkrieg: "lightning war," the German military strategy during World War II of attacking without warning
Hitler Plunges Europe into War
April 1940, they launched a surprise attack on Denmark and Norway. Within a few weeks, Germany had conquered these two Scandinavian countries
German force burst through Luxembourg and southern Belgium into France in just four days. Then it began a dramatic drive toward the French coast
Rescue at Dunkirk Vichy government- puppet government: a
government that is run by citizens of a conquered country who carry out the policies of the conqueror
Britain now fights alone
The U.S. enters WWII In September 1940, Germany, Italy, and Japan
signed the Tripartite Pact, making Japan a member of the Axis powers.› U.S. would now have to fight a two front war
Roosevelt Inches Away from Neutrality › In November 1939, Roosevelt pushed a bill through
Congress that repealed the arms embargo. This Neutrality Act of 1939 included a “cash-and-carry” provision
› After the fall of France U.S. starts re-arming › Lend-Lease Act: legislation passed by Congress in
1941 adopting a plan to lend arms to Britain› In June 1941, Hitler broke the Nonaggression Pact by
attacking the Soviet Union= U.S. sends supplies to USSR
Japan Attacks the U.S. From 1940 to 1941, Japan continued
seeking raw materials through conquest
The United States tried to undercut Japan’s aggression in several ways› Sends loans and aid to China› froze Japanese assets in American banks› Blocked vital resources including oil from
Japan
Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft carriers
approached Hawaii. From the carriers, more than 300 bombers and fighter planes launched the attack on Pearl Harbor
In a little more than two hours, the Japanese sank or damaged 18 American ships.
At nearby airfields, Japanese warplanes damaged or destroyed about 300 military aircraft.
In all, the raid left more than 2,400 Americans dead and nearly 1,200 wounded.
The Japanese lost just 29 planes in the attack The next day, Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war
on Japan Three days later, Germany and Italy declared war on
the United States.
Pearl Harbor Timeline December 7, 1941 0342 hours The minesweeper Condor is on
patrol less than two miles (3.2 kilometers) off the entrance to Pearl Harbor. The officer of the deck sees something “about fifty yards [45 meters] ahead off the port bow.” He asks a sailor what he makes of the object. “That’s a periscope, sir,” the sailor replies. “And there aren’t supposed to be any subs in the area.”
0702 hours One of the two privates on duty looks at the radar oscilloscope and can’t believe his eyes. He asks his buddy to take a look—and he confirms the sighting: 50 or more aircraft on a bearing for Oahu. The privates call the Fort Shafter information center, the hub of the radar network.
0733 hours U.S. code breakers, though stymied by Japanese naval codes, have cracked the Japanese diplomatic code. From a Tokyo-to-Washington message, President Franklin D. Roosevelt and Gen. George C. Marshall, Army Chief of Staff, learn that Japanese negotiators in Washington have been told to break off talks.
Pearl Harbor Timeline
0740 hoursPlanes of the first wave take off from the Japanese carriers—49 high-altitude bombers, 51 dive-bombers, 40 torpedo planes, 43 fighters. They fly through clouds, wondering if Pearl Harbor will be visible. Then, as they near Oahu, the attack commander hears a Honolulu weather report: “clouds mostly over the mountains. Visibility good.” The clouds break. The fliers see “a long white line of coast”—Oahu’s Kakuku Point.
0749 hoursAir-attack commander Mitsuo Fuchida, looking down on Pearl Harbor, sees no aircraft carriers, which the Japanese hoped to destroy and thus thwart U.S. retaliation. He orders his telegraph operator to tap out to, to, to: attack. Then other taps: to ra, to ra, to ra: attack, surprise achieved.Though not meant to have a double meaning, to ra is read by some Japanese pilots as tora—tiger. And according to a Japanese saying, “A tiger goes out 1,000 ri [2,000 miles/3,218 kilometers] and returns without fail.”
Pearl Harbor Timeline
0755 hoursthe telegraph operators to send out an uncoded message to every ship and base: AIR RAID ON PEARL HARBOR X THIS IS NOT DRILL The coordinated attack begins as dive-bombers strike the Army Air Forces’ Wheeler Field, north of Pearl Harbor, and Hickam Field, near Ford Island’s Battleship Row. The Japanese, wanting control of the air, hope to destroy American warplanes on the ground. Most U.S. planes have been parked wingtip-to-wingtip in neat rows to make it easy to guard them against sabotage. Most are destroyed.
0810 hoursAn armor-piercing bomb, dropped by a high-altitude bomber, pierces the forward deck of the Arizona, setting off more than a million pounds (450,000 kilograms) of gunpowder, creating a huge fireball, and killing 1,177 men.
Pearl Harbor Timeline
0850 hoursThe Nevada gets her steam up in 45 minutes and, with antiaircraft guns blazing, heads for the open sea. Japanese planes of the second wave bomb her, hoping that by sinking her in the narrow channel she will bottle up the fleet. Rather than risk that, she deliberately grounds herself off Hospital Point.
0854 hoursThe second wave—35 fighters, 78 dive-bombers, and 54 high-altitude bombers—meets heavy antiaircraft fire. Bombers attack the navy yard dry dock and hit the battleship Pennsylvania. Another bomber hits oil tanks between the destroyers Cassin and Downes. Onboard ammunition explodes, and the Cassin rolls off her blocks and into the Downes. Bombs hit the light cruiser Raleigh, which had been torpedoed in the first wave. Crewmen jettison gear to keep her from capsizing.
Pearl Harbor Timeline
Except for the Arizona, Utah, and Oklahoma, every ship sunk or damaged on December 7 will sail again.
1229 hours Solemnly, The President began his speech requesting a declaration of war: “Yesterday, December 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.”
http://framework.latimes.com/2011/12/06/pearl-harbor-photos/#/0
Roosevelt’s Infamy Speech
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsE