1914-1914-1918:1918:

The The WorldWorldat Warat War

1914-1914-1918:1918:

The The WorldWorldat Warat War

Differing ViewpointsDiffering Viewpoints

“ “Family Feud”Family Feud”

“ “Fall of the Eagles”Fall of the Eagles”

“ “The War to End All Wars”The War to End All Wars”

“ “The War to ‘Make theThe War to ‘Make the World Safe for Democracy’” World Safe for Democracy’”

CausesCausesof theof theWarWar

CausesCausesof theof theWarWar

1. Alliances!1. Alliances!Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers:: Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

The Major Players: 1914-17

The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]

Nicholas II Nicholas II [Rus][Rus]

George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]

Pres. Poincare Pres. Poincare [Fr][Fr]

Allied PowersAllied Powers::Allied PowersAllied Powers::

Franz Josef [A-HFranz Josef [A-H]]Franz Josef [A-HFranz Josef [A-H]]

Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]

Victor Emmanuel Victor Emmanuel II [It]II [It]

Central PowersCentral Powers::Central PowersCentral Powers::

Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]

Enver PashaEnver Pasha[Turkey][Turkey]

Europe in 1914Europe in 1914

2. Militarism & Arms Race2. Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Total Defense Expenditures Defense Expenditures for the for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,

Rus.] Rus.] in millions of £s.in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany

73%

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism

4. Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

TheThe

“Spark“Spark””

TheThe

“Spark“Spark””

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & HIS FAMILY

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & HIS FAMILY

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin: The Assassin:

GavriloPrincipGavriloPrincip

Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?

GER:Schlieffen PlanGER:Schlieffen Plan

German Atrocities in Belgium

German Atrocities in Belgium

MobilizationMobilization

It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!

It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, It's a long way to go;It's a long way to go; It's a long way to Tipperary,It's a long way to Tipperary, To the sweetest girl I know!To the sweetest girl I know! Goodbye, Piccadilly,Goodbye, Piccadilly, Farewell, Leicester Square,Farewell, Leicester Square, It's a long, long way to Tipperary,It's a long, long way to Tipperary, But my heart's right there!But my heart's right there!

Home by Home by Christmas!Christmas!

No major war No major war in 50 years!in 50 years!

Nationalism!Nationalism!

Home by Home by Christmas!Christmas!

No major war No major war in 50 years!in 50 years!

Nationalism!Nationalism!

Recruitment PostersRecruitment Posters

A Young Australian Recruit

A Young Australian Recruit

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar

EffortEffort

WomenWomenand and thetheWarWar

EffortEffort

Financing the WarFinancing the War

For RecruitmentFor Recruitment

Munitions WorkersMunitions Workers

Women Factory Workers Women Factory Workers

Working in the FieldsWorking in the Fields

Ambulance DriverAmbulance Driver

Red Cross NursesRed Cross Nurses

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Women in the Army Auxiliary

Russian Women Soldiers

Russian Women Soldiers

SpiesSpies

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

German Spy!

“Mata Hari”

Real Name: Margareetha Geertruide Zelle

German Spy!

Posters:Posters:

WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan

dd

Posters:Posters:

WartimeWartimePropaganPropagan

dd

PosterPoster

American PosterAmerican Poster

Financing the WarFinancing the War

German PosterGerman Poster

Think of Your Children!Think of Your Children!

The The Western Western Front:Front:

A “War of A “War of

AttritionAttrition””

The The Western Western Front:Front:

A “War of A “War of

AttritionAttrition””

A Multi-Front WarA Multi-Front War

The Western FrontThe Western Front

***Trench Warfare***Trench Warfare

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

““No Man’s No Man’s Land”Land”

Verdun – February, 1916

Verdun – February, 1916

German offensive.

Each side had 500,000 casualties.

German offensive.

Each side had 500,000 casualties.

Battle of Somme –7/ 1916

Battle of Somme –7/ 1916

60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is HELL !!War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in WarSacrifices in War

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” GunKrupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

TheTheEasternEastern

FrontFront

TheTheEasternEastern

FrontFront

The Battle of Gallipoli, 1915

The Battle of Gallipoli, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

TheThe“Colonial“Colonial

””FrontsFronts

TheThe“Colonial“Colonial

””FrontsFronts

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Fighting in AfricaFighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in GreeceFighting in Greece

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

U.S.AU.S.AJoinsJoinsthethe

AlliesAllies

U.S.AU.S.AJoinsJoinsthethe

AlliesAllies

1. Sinking of the Lusitania

1. Sinking of the Lusitania

2. Zimmerman Telegram 2. Zimmerman Telegram

The YanksAre

Coming!

Doughboys

The YanksAre

Coming!

Doughboys

Americans in the Trenches

Americans in the Trenches

The War of The War of thethe

Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:

NewNewTechnologyTechnology

The War of The War of thethe

Industrial Industrial Revolution:Revolution:

NewNewTechnologyTechnology

1. French Renault Tank1. French Renault Tank

British Tank at YpresBritish Tank at Ypres

2. U-Boats2. U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

3. Airplane3. Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

4. The Zeppelin4. The Zeppelin

5. FlameThrowers5. FlameThrowers

6. GrenadeLaunchers6. GrenadeLaunchers

8. Poison Gas

8. Poison Gas

9. Machine Gun

9. Machine Gun

““Art”Art”ofof

WorldWorldWar IWar I

““Art”Art”ofof

WorldWorldWar IWar I

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“A Street in Arras”John Singer Sargent, 1918

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Oppy Wood” – John Nash, 1917

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”

Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Those Who Have Lost Their Names”

Albin Eggar-Linz, 1914

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Gassed and Wounded”Eric Kennington, 1918

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

“Paths of Glory”C. R. W. Nevinson, 1917

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead9,000,0009,000,000 DeadDead

The Somme American Cemetary, France

The Somme American Cemetary, France

116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died116,516 Americans Died

World War I CasualtiesWorld War I Casualties

01,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

Turkish Genocide Against Armenians

A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!A Portent of Future Horrors to Come!

Treaty of Versailles SignedEnded WW I: Treaty of VersaillesSigned June 28th, 1919

a)All of the 4 European Empires Reduced in Size b)New Countries Created in Europe c) Ottoman Empire-Divided into new countries & Mandated by Britain & Franced) Arabs – Wanted Independence

German a) Empire Lost Territory b) Made Repay War Reparations c) Made Reduce Size of Army / Navyd) “War Guilt Clause”-Germany made admit to starting WW I

Result of Treaty

Weaknesses / Problems of the Treaty of Versailles

•Left Germany with a strong desire for Revenge •Many German people found themselves in non-German nations •Idea of Self-Determination violated-Arab countries became mandates•When boundaries for countries were drawn up different ethic groups that did not get along together were clustered into one country for example: Iraq

Changes to the Map of Europe

1. German Empire: Reduced in size2. From the Russian Empire: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia formed3. Austrian–Hungarian Empire Split into New Countries: Yugoslavia, Austria, Hungarian, Czechoslovakia 4. Ottoman Empire Split into New Countries: Turkey, Syria, Iraq & Tran Jordan

Effects of WW1

 Millions Dead Map of Europe changed forever all 4-Empires collapsed European Economies Destroyed Major European Cities in Ruins Influenza Virus Spread (birds)  End of Economic Opportunities for Women & African Americans USA becomes A Creditor Nation  Postwar Recession: Slow Down in the Economy Fear of the Spread of Communism (Red Scare)League of nations Formed in Europe

WW1 Changes U.S Role in the World

 Became Richest Country in the World  Largest Creditor Nation (lent money to

other countries)  Emerged as the Economic Centre of the

world (London to New York)