1914-1918:

The Worldat WarBy: Ms. Susan M. Pojer

Horace Greeley H. S.Chappaqua, NY

Causesof theWar

1. The Alliance SystemTriple Entente: Triple Alliance:

Two Armed Camps!Allied Powers: Central Powers:

The Major Players: 1914-17

Nicholas II [Rus]

George V [Br]

Pres. Poincare [Fr]

Allied Powers:

Franz Josef [A-H]

Wilhelm II [Ger]

Victor Emmanuel II [It]

Central Powers:

Enver Pasha[Turkey]

Europe in 1914

2. Militarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 191494 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,

Rus.] in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

ExpendituresFrance 10%Britain 13%Russia 39%

Germany

73%

3. Economic & Imperial Rivalries

4. Aggressive Nationalism

Pan-Slavism: The Balkans, 1914

The“Powder

Keg”of Europe

The

“Spark”

Archduke Franz Ferdinand & His Family

The Assassination: Sarajevo

The Assassin:GavriloPrincip

Who’s To Blame?

The Schlieffen Plan

France Germany Russia Britain0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Soldiers Mobilized

Mill

ions

Womenand theWar

Effort

Financing the War

For Recruitment

Red Cross Nurses

The Western Front:

A “War of

Attrition”

A Multi-Front War

The Western Front

Trench Warfare

Trench Warfare

“No Man’s Land”

Verdun – February, 1916

e German offensive.e Each side had 500,000

casualties.

The Somme – July, 1916

e 60,000 British soldiers killed in one day.

e Over 1,000,000 killed in 5 months.

War Is HELL !!

Sacrifices in War

Krupp’s “Big Bertha” Gun

TheEastern

Front

The Gallipoli Disaster, 1915

Turkish Cavalry in Palestine

T. E. Lawrence & the “Arab Revolt”,

1916-18

T. E. Lawrence & Prince Faisal at Versailles, 1918-

19

The Tsar with General Brusilov

The“Colonial

”Fronts

Sikh British Soldiers in India

Fighting in Africa

British Sikh Mountain Gunners

Black Soldiers in the German

Schutztruppen[German E. Africa]

Fighting in Africa

3rd British Battalion, Nigerian Brigade

Fighting in Salonika, Greece

French colonial marine infantry fromCochin, China - 1916

America

Joinsthe

Allies

The Sinking of the Lusitania

The Zimmerman Telegram

The YanksAre

Coming!

Americans in the Trenches

The War of the

Industrial Revolution:

NewTechnology

French Renault Tank

British Tank at Ypres

U-Boats

Allied Ships Sunk by U-Boats

The Airplane

“Squadron Over the Brenta”

Max Edler von Poosch, 1917

The Flying Aces of World War I

Eddie Rickenbacher, US

FrancescoBarraco, It.

Rene PaukFonck, Fr.

Manfred vonRichtoffen, Ger.

[The “Red Baron”]

Willy Coppens deHolthust, Belg.

Eddie “Mick”Mannoch, Br.

Curtis-Martin U. S. Aircraft Plant

Looking for the “Red Baron?”

The Zeppelin

FlameThrowers

GrenadeLaunchers

Poison Gas

Machine Gun

1918 Flu Pandemic: Depletes All Armies

50,000,000 – 100,000,000 died

11 a.m., November 11, 1918

The Armistice is Signed!

Effectsof theWar

9,000,000 Dead

The Somme American Cemetary, France

116,516 Americans Died

World War I Casualties

Series10

1,000,0002,000,0003,000,0004,000,0005,000,0006,000,0007,000,0008,000,0009,000,000

10,000,000

RussiaGermanyAustria-HungaryFranceGreat BritainItalyTurkeyUS

The Treaty of Versailles which will DESTROY Germany for years to come and unwittingly lead to WWII (History Spoiler Alert!!!)

Post-War Pessimism: Folks are pretty negative about EVERYTHING. This will play a major role in why the 1920s will be so “poppin”!

The Decline of European Powers and the Rise of the United States: Before WWI, Britain particularly was seen as the superpower of the world. However, the United States , already the most powerful industrial nation in the world, seals their reputation with the mammoth military might (note my alliteration, please) thanks to machines. Europe is, for all practical purposes, a literal hot mess. The destruction left behind thanks to a total war was unmatched…until another world war came along.