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Passive Housing in Europeinnovation in construction
Chiel Boonstra
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all CEPHEUS projects
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63 row houses in Heidelberg (Bj. 1962)
41 low energy housesNiedernhausen 1991
27 low energyhouses, Hessia
22 houses, PH settlement Wiesbaden 1997
32 passive houses Kronsberg 1998
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Benutzereinfluss im Passivhausoccupants influence: the average is important
old buildings
low energy buildings > 90%reduc-
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passive houses13.4 14.9
© Helmut Krapmeier / EIV and Wolfgang Feist / PHI
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Passive HouseEuropean Commission Energy Action
Plan:• Passive House standard must be the
norm for new housing by 2015
UK Government• Passive house by 2012• Zero carbon by 2016
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Where do we stand• 200 kWh/m2 - existing building
stock• 100 kWh/m2 – standard renovation• 50 kWh/m2 – new homes• 30 kWh/m2 – 3 liter house• 15 kWh/m2 – passive housing
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PassiveHouse withcompactsystem
Passive house – The concept
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Quality criteria
• Heat demand less than 15 kWh/m2• Total energy less than 120 kWh/m2 in
primary energy• Passive House Certificate
• [Note: electricity has factor of over 2.5]
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15 kWh/m2Continuous insulation• U values in range of 0.10 – 0.15 W/m2K• U glazing in range of 0.5 – 0.8 W/m2K• U window frames around 0.8 W/m2K• No thermal bridges• No unwanted air leakage
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15 kWh/m2A breathing indoor environment• Balanced ventilation with heat
recovery• Operable windows• Summer night ventilation
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Summer night ventilation• Ventilation rate
between 4 – 20 depending on climate and temperature difference
• Night ventilation allows building to cool during evenings and night
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The two remaining energy uses in passive house require
Low energy domestic hot water system• read as solar collector for DHW
Low energy electrical appliances• read as devices with real on/off buttons• read as connecting drying, and
washing to heating and ventilation
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Nieuw Terbregge Rotterdam
Low Energy DemandSolar thermal collectorsCombined Heat and Power
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Why should we do it• Need for a robust standard, which
may survive next 50 years• New distributed energy generation
does not come in large quantities• Small energy demand can be met
by high % renewable energy
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Why should we provide it• Rational approach
– high performance building envelope– design flexibility
• Good quality construction work• Better life cycle costs• Healthy buildings with low carbon
impact
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Why should people buy it• Good location• Nice buildings to live in• Services and amenities around• Extremely low energy costs• Extremely good comfort
so …• Good value for money
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Quote from AustriaHow do people experience their passive
house? • Room air temperature more comfortable
(than in previous house) in winter• Warm wall surface temperature very
positive, no cold feet • Ventilation system overall very good! (no
excessive air stream)• Lots of natural lighting in the living rooms
Source: Ecotech, Austria
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But … can we build it ?• Recent study in The Netherlands
showed that passive housing can be done in all major construction methods
• Tunnel walls + concrete floors• Calcium silicate + concrete floors• Timber frame + floors
DHVBAMVDM
RockwoolBuilddesk
Passiefbouwen.nl
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Passive Houses in Austria
• 5% of all new houses are built in passive house standard
• In 2010 it is expected to have 25% - 40% of all new houses in passive house quality
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TRECO European Housing Associations choose for Passive Housing
• Alingsashem, Sweden: 100% of stock• Midland Heart, Coventry: 25% of new• Aramis, The Netherlands: 100’s
passive renovation• Logirep, France: Pilot demonstration
in Paris
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Hans Eek
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Brogården, Alingsåshem after renovation
Decentral ventilation with heat exchangerEfficiency > 85 %
35 cm isolation in wallsU = 0,12 W/m2, K
3-pane windows U= 0,85
Entrance doors (porch)U = 0,8
New exterior balconieswithout thermal bridges
Air tightness0,4ach at 50 Pa
5 cm isolation on the existing roof38 cm isolation in the atticU-value ca 0,20 W/m2, K
Energy performance:(kWh/m2, year)
22 degrees indoor temp2006-03-06 HE
Space heating: 27Domestic hot water: 25Houshold electricity: 27Common electricity: 13
Summary: 92
11 cm isolation, U = 0,14
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Passive highrise in Coventry
Client: Midland HeartArchitect: IDPartnershipEnergy consultant:
Trecodome
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The Kyoto Pyramide Passive energy design process
Reduce heat loss
Select energy-source
Display and control energy consumption
Utilize solar heat
Reduce electricity consumption
Design Strategy
Source: SINTEF, Norway
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Towards zero emission• Passive House standard to achieve
low energy demand• On site renewable energy to cover a
significant part of the energy balance
• Off site renewables help improve the overall performance of the energy grid
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biogas / biomass
wind energy
solar PV
solar DHW
CO2
electricity
cooking
DHW
heating
energy demand
on site renewables
CO2 emission
offsite renewable energy
Green electricityOffshore wind
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Energy = new market paradigm• Low carbon legislation will come• House Builders have got new
competitors: the new energy providers• The question is who will benefit: the
House Builders or the energy providers• And what the costs of living shall be• Passive House offers the answers
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Local authorities• Local authorities can play a major role
in demanding low energy demands of buildings
• There is a lot of local labour needed to improve the existing stock
• Low energy demand means low costs for inhabitants: energy you don’t use, you don’t have to pay for !