Biochemistry Notes

Elements and Atoms• Matter is anything that has mass and takes up

space.• Atoms are the basic building blocks of all

matter.• Elements are basic substances that cannot be

broken down into other substances.• Molecules are formed by the joining of atoms

of two or more elements. (smallest combination that cannot be divided without changing its chemical and physical properties)

• Compounds are composed of atoms of different elements chemically combined.

Atoms• The center of an atom is called the nucleus.• Consists of three subatomic particles called:

Protons: positive chargeNeutrons: neutral/no chargeElectrons: negative charge

• 1st level can hold 2 electrons• 2nd level can hold 8 electrons• 3rd level can hold 8 electrons

Periodic Table

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.305

Atomic Number: Protons

Symbol

Element

Atomic Mass Number: Protons

+

Neutrons

(Nucleus)

QUESTION: What part of the atom gives the atom its mass??

Periodic Table

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.305

Protons

Protons + Neutrons

Protons = ElectronsIn a neutral atom

Periodic Table

12

Mg

Magnesium

24.305

12

24-12 = 12

12

Protons =Electrons =Neutrons =

Bonding

The sharing of electrons in order to become stable is called covalent bonding. (2 nonmetals)

Periodic Table

Bonding

Bonding

• The gaining or losing of electrons in order to become stable is called ionic bonding. ( a metal with a nonmetal)

http://www.dac.neu.edu/physics/b.maheswaran/phy1121/data/ch09/anim/anim0904.htm

Bonding

Bonding

Organic vs. Inorganic Notes

Chemical EquationsCH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2O

ProductsReactants

CO2 + H2O + LIGHT ENERGY C6H12O6 + O2

Equation for Photosynthesis

6 6 6

Inorganic Substances

• Acids: substances that forms hydrogen (H) hydrogen ions in water. pH of 0-7.

• Bases: substance that forms hydroxide ions (OH) in water. pH scale of 7-14.

• Salts: Inorganic substances that typically contain Chlorine.

Not Containing Carbon

HClH2SO4

NaOHKOH

NaClMgCl2

Organic Substances

Molecule that is found in living systems; contains carbon; usually in rings or long chains

Organic Substances• Carbohydrates: made up of simple

sugars (saccharides)

Nucleic Acids: made up of nucleotides

Lipids: made up of a glycerol and at least 1 fatty acid

•Proteins: made up of amino acids

InorganicAcid Base Salt

OrganicCarbohydrate

ProteinLipid

Nucleic Acid