BODY BODY ORGANIZATION ORGANIZATION & STRUCTURE& STRUCTUREChapter 22Chapter 22

BODY BODY ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

Chapter 22 Section 1Chapter 22 Section 1

S7L2.cS7L2.c – Explain that cells are organized into – Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, and

systems into organisms. systems into organisms.

S7L2.dS7L2.d – Explain that tissues, organs, and organ – Explain that tissues, organs, and organ systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food, systems serve the needs cells have for oxygen, food,

and waste removal.and waste removal.

S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose of the major organ – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human body systems in the human body

Essential QuestionsEssential Questions

•How are tissues, organs, and organ How are tissues, organs, and organ systems related?systems related?

•What are the 11 organ systems?What are the 11 organ systems?•How do organ systems work together How do organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis?to maintain homeostasis?

HomeostasisHomeostasis

•HomeostasisHomeostasis – BALANCE – BALANCE•Cells Need:Cells Need:

•Nutrients & oxygenNutrients & oxygen•Waste removalWaste removal•If not maintained – damaged or dieIf not maintained – damaged or die

Organization of LifeOrganization of Life

•Cells form TissuesCells form TissuesTissues form organsTissues form organsOrgans form organ systemsOrgans form organ systemsOrgan systems form organismsOrgan systems form organisms

4 Types of Tissues4 Types of Tissues

Epithelial TissueCovers & protects

Ex: skin

Nervous TissueSends impulses through the bodyEx: brain, nerves, and sense organs

Muscle TissueProduce movement

Connective TissueJoins, supports, protects, insulates, cushions, & nourishes organs

Ex: bones

4 Types of Tissues4 Types of Tissues

11 Major Organ Systems11 Major Organ Systems

•Integumentary Integumentary System System

•Muscular System Muscular System •Skeletal SystemSkeletal System•Cardiovascular Cardiovascular SystemSystem

•Respiratory Respiratory SystemSystem

•Urinary SystemUrinary System

•Male Reproductive Male Reproductive SystemSystem

•Female Female Reproductive Reproductive SystemSystem

•Nervous SystemNervous System•Digestive SystemDigestive System•Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System•Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

THE SKELETAL THE SKELETAL SYSTEMSYSTEM

Chapter 22 Section 2Chapter 22 Section 2

S7L2.cS7L2.c – Explain that cells are organized into – Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems, tissues, tissues into organs, organs into systems,

and systems into organisms. and systems into organisms.

S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose of the major organ – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human bodysystems in the human body

Essential Questions

•What are the major organs of the skeletal system?

•What are the 4 functions of bones?•What are the major types of joints?•What are 3 injuries and 2 diseases that can affect bones and joints?

The Skeletal SystemThe Skeletal System

•Bones, cartilage, and Bones, cartilage, and muscle connective tissuesmuscle connective tissues

Bone StructureBone Structure

Bone TissuesBone Tissues

•2 2 types of types of tissuetissue•Compact bone Compact bone •Spongy boneSpongy bone

Bone Marrow – Bone Marrow – Soft TissueSoft Tissue2 TypesRed Marrow Yellow Marrow

Bone TissuesBone Tissues

Bone GrowthBone Growth

•Bones start as cartilageBones start as cartilage•Become hard bone as you Become hard bone as you growgrow

•Have growth plates during Have growth plates during childhoodchildhood•Allow for growthAllow for growth

Growth PlateGrowth Plate

JointsJoints

•Place where 2 or more bones Place where 2 or more bones meetmeet

•Allow movement Allow movement •Fixed joints do not moveFixed joints do not move•Held together by Held together by ligamentsligaments

Types of JointsTypes of Joints

•Gliding JointsGliding Joints•Ex: Hand & wristEx: Hand & wrist•Glide over one anotherGlide over one another

•Ball-and-Socket JointBall-and-Socket Joint•Ex: ShoulderEx: Shoulder•Move in all directionsMove in all directions

•Hinge JointHinge Joint•Ex: KneeEx: Knee•extend and flexextend and flex

JointsJoints

Skeletal Diseases & InjuriesSkeletal Diseases & Injuries

•Bones injuries & diseasesBones injuries & diseases• FractureFracture• BreakBreak• Osteoporosis – causes bones to weaken & break easilyOsteoporosis – causes bones to weaken & break easily

• Joint injuries & diseasesJoint injuries & diseases• DislocationDislocation• Sprain – stretched/torn ligamentSprain – stretched/torn ligament• Arthritis – swelling & stiffening of jointsArthritis – swelling & stiffening of joints

THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM

Chapter 22 Section 3

S7L2.cS7L2.c – Explain that cells are organized – Explain that cells are organized into tissues, tissues into organs, organs into tissues, tissues into organs, organs

into systems, and systems into into systems, and systems into organisms. organisms.

S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose of the – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in the human bodymajor organ systems in the human body

Essential Questions

•What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?

•How does skeletal tissue move bones?

•What is the difference between aerobic exercise and resistance exercise?

•What are some muscle system injuries?

The Muscular System

•Made up of the muscles that let you move

Kinds of Muscles•Smooth Muscle •Digestive tract

•Move food through the digestive system•Walls of blood vessels

•Cardiac Muscle•Only in the heart

•Pump blood

•Skeletal Muscle•Attached to bones

•Movement•protection

Smooth Muscle Cardiac Muscle

Skeletal Muscle

Muscle Movement

•Voluntary•Movement that is under your control

•skeletal muscle

•Involuntary•Movement is not under your control

•Cardiac & smooth muscle

Muscles Attached to Bones

•Muscles attach to bones by tendons

Working Together

•Usu. Muscles work together•One bends while the other straightens

•Flexor•Muscle that bends part of the body

•Ex: Bicep

•Extensor•Muscle that straightens part of the body•Ex: Tricep

Muscle Injury

•Strain – muscle is overstretched or torn•Tendonitis – over exercising causing tendons to become inflamed/ swollen and sore

•Anabolic steroids – muscle enhancers•Can damage heart, liver, and kidneys•Cause high blood pressure•Cause bones to stop growing if taken before maturity

THE INTEGUMENTARY

SYSTEMChapter 22 Section 4

S7L2.eS7L2.e – Explain the purpose – Explain the purpose of the major organ systems in of the major organ systems in

the human bodythe human body

Essential Questions

•What are 4 functions of skin?

•What are the 2 layers of the skin?

•What is the structure and function of hair and nails?

•What are the 2 types of damage that can affect skin?

Functions of Skin

•Protects •Keeps water in•Foreign particles out

•Feeling•Regulate body temperature•Remove waste

•sweat

Integumentary System

•Skin

•Hair

•Nails

Layers of Skin

•Epidermis•Outermost layer•Epithelial tissue•Thick as 2 sheets of paper•Dead cells

•Filled with protein called keratin•MAKES SKIN TOUGH

•Dermis•Thicker under layer•Many fibers of collagen

•Provide strength

Hair

•Made of living & dead cells•Living = hair follicle

•Grows as older cells get pushed upward•Color = melanin•Protects from dust, insects, and UV light•Regulates temperature in animals

Nails

•Made of living and dead cells•Grows from nail root•New cells push old cells out•Protects tips of fingers and toes

Skin Injuries

•Acne•Overactive oil glands combined with bacteria & dead cells

•Skin cancer•Too much sunlight•tanning

Eb Skin Disease Ring Worm

EczemaPsoriasis