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Why Should I Care About Research?

Answering questions and making decisions

We encounter research every day

Common sense (intuition) is often wrong

Aamodt

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Debunking intuition-based HR

Nature of Contemporary HR

The Research Process

Introduction to HR

Outline

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Examples of intuition-based HR Unstructured employment interviews

Traditional job previews

Participant reactions toward training

Research vs. Intuition

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HR systems are related to organizationaloutcomes

Need research to develop, implement and evaluate

HR programs Accountability

HR dept needs researchto justify its existence

(ROI)

Strategic nature

Help in achieving organizations strategies

Be consistent w/organizations goals

Contemporary HR

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Adding value By providing data that compares HR to other

depts in its linkage to organizational outcomes

Undergoing paradigm shift Research Based

Contemporary HR

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Why Should I Care About Research?

Answering questions and making decisions

We encounter research every day

Common sense (intuition) is often wrong

Aamodt

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Select

Issue

Review

Topic

Develop

Hypothesis Research Design

Measurement

Data Analyses Write Report

Action Plans

Ethics

Research Process

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Selecting issue What is the cause of absenteeism in the

organization?

Should we use e-learning in our trainingprograms?

Should we develop new compensation systems

(e.g., profit sharing, stock ownership)

How effective is the use of a new selection test?

Research Process

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Review topic Uses of Literature search

Identify frameworks & theories

Identifying variables (frameworks) vs. specifying how variables

interact, boundary conditions,etc. (theories)

Literature search databases available

Sekaran

CIR Library workshop Oct 13, 04

Uncover new issues (variables) Prevent rediscovering known facts

Research Process

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Reviewing topic Uses of interview/focus group data

Critical incidents methodology to discover new concepts

(e.g., Learning orientation measure article, ethnic

harassment article)

Research Process

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Select

Issue

Review

Topic

Develop

Hypothesis Research Design

Measurement

Data Analyses Write Report

Action Plans

Ethics

Research Process

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What is a hypothesis?

Relationships to be tested

Needs at least 2 variables

Measures to be used

Conditions for testing

Can be empirically disproved

Research Process

Develop Hypothesis

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Idea Hypothesis Theory

Does all this

noise affect my

employees

performance?

High levels of

noise will increase

the number of

errors made inassembling

electronic

components

Noise causes a

distraction

making it difficultto concentrate

Noise Example

Aamodt

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Idea Hypothesis Theory

What employee

recruitment source

is best?

Employee referrals

will result in

employees who stay

with the company

longer than will the

other recruitment

methods

1. Realistic job

preview

2. Differential

source

3. Personality

similarity

4. Socialization

Recruitment

Example

Aamodt

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Types of variables Independent

Predictor

Cause

Dependent

Criterion/Resultant

Effect

Mediating

Moderating

Sekaran, Saks

Research Process

Develop Hypothesis

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FIGURE 5.2Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

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A researcher thinks that smaller groups

will be more cohesive than larger groups

Independent variable = Group size

Dependent variable = Level of cohesion

3 5 7 9 11 13Cohesiveness

rating

87 77 65 60 60 58

Number of Group Members

Aamodt

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A researcher thinks that setting goals will increase the

number of orders that are upsized at McBurger

King

Independent variable = Setting of goals (yes or no)

Dependent variable = # of upsized orders

No Goals Goals

# of upsized

orders

18 79

Experimental Condition

Aamodt

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Identify only independent & dependentvariables

Aamodt Exercise 1-1

Aamodt

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Types of variables Mediating

Enhances understanding of relation between

independent and dependent variable

Moderating

A.k.a.Interaction effect (ANOVA)

Elaborates/qualifies conditions under which

independent and dependent are related Relation between two variables is a function of the level

of a third variable

Sekaran, Saks

Research Process

Develop Hypothesis

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FIGURE 5.6Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

Example of Mediated Effect

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FIGURE 5.4Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

Example of Moderated Effect

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FIGURE 5.7Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

Moderating & Mediating Variables

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FIGURE 5.5bCopyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

Moderator (Interaction) Effect

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FIGURE 5.11Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

Direct (main) & Indirect (mediated) Effects

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FIGURE 5.8Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

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FIGURE 5.9Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

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FIGURE 5.10Copyright 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sekaran/RESEARCH 4E

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Select

Issue

Review

Topic

Develop

Hypothesis Research Design

Measurement

Data Analyses Write Report

Action Plans

Ethics

Research Process

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Research Design

Measurement

Data Analyses

Survey (field)

Experimental (w)Qualitative (w)

Meta-analysis (w)

ScalesReliability & Validity

Systemic (w)

Financial (w)

(utility)

Statistical

Measurement at Group Level (w)

Research Process

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Debunking intuition-based HR

Nature of Contemporary HR

The Research Process

Introduction to HR

Outline

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Business School Ranking Article