compliance casr part 142

8/17/2019 Compliance CASR Part 142

1/67

CASR Part 142

Guidance on preparing anOperator Exposit ion

DISCLAIMER: While every effort has been made by CASA to ensure that the information contained in this Guide is

accurate, operators must ensure that they comply with the civil aviation legislation at all times. Under no circumstances will

CASA accept any responsibility for reliance on the information contained within this document and expressly disclaims all

warranties with regard to the information or its application.


2/67

CASR Part 142 Guidance on preparing an Operator Exposition Page | 2

INTRODUCTION

This document provides guidance on the structure and content of a Part 142 operator

exposition. The content relates directly to the requirements of Part 142 of the Civil Aviation

Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR).

Who does Part 142 apply to?Part 142 applies to applicants for, and holders of, authorisations to conduct the following

Part 142 activities:

(1) Part 142 fli ght training.

(2) Contracted recurrent training.

(3) Contracted checking.

Part 142 only applies to aeroplanes, helicopters, airships or flight simulation training devices.

(1) Part 142 fli ght training is any of the following.

An integrated training course for the grant of a private pilot licence or commercial1.

pilot licence under Part 61.

Training for the grant of a multi-crew pilot licence, air transport pilot licence or flight2.

engineer licence under Part 61.

Multi-crew cooperation training.3.

Training for the grant of a type rating under Part 61, other than a type rating4.

mentioned in an instrument under CASR 142.045. (Type ratings mentioned in suchan instrument may be for larger aircraft certificated for single pilot operation. Training

for a type rating mentioned under an instrument may be conducted by a Part 141

operator.)

Training conducted as a multi-crew operation for the grant of a flight crew rating5.

under Part 61, other than a type rating. Examples of flight crew ratings are instrument

ratings and cruise relief ratings.

Training conducted as a multi-crew operation, for the grant of a flight crew6.

endorsement under Part 61 (for example, an endorsement to an instrument rating

such as IAP 3D instrument endorsement), other than:

(i) a design feature endorsement

(ii) a flight activity endorsement.

Training that is given as part of a flight review that is conducted as a multi-crew7.

operation.


3/67


Differences training:8.

(i) that is required as mentioned in CASR 61.780, 61.835 or 61.1370, for a variant

covered by a type rating that is not a type rating mentioned in a legislative

instrument under CASR 142.045 and

(ii) that is not conducted by a training and checking organisation approved under

regulation 217 of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR).

(2) Contracted recurrent training is training, other than initial qualification training, givenby a Part 142 operator to the personnel of a contracting operator to ensure those personnelare competent to carry out their responsibilities. Contracted recurrent training is not limited tomulti-crew operations.

(3) Contracted checking is checking conducted by a Part 142 operator for a contracting

operator, to assess whether the contracting operator’s personnel are competent to carry out

their responsibilities. Contracted checking is not limited to multi-crew operations.

What is an Exposition?

In the context of Part 142, an exposition is a statement of the information required under

CASR 142.340 (Content of Exposition). The content may be broadly described as

information about the applicant’s organisation, personnel, facilities, and policies and

processes for conducting Part 142 activities.

The regulation states that an exposition must include an operations manual and other

manuals for describing systems such as a safety management system or internal training

and checking system. The other manuals may be included as part of the operations manual.

The exposition should accurately reflect how an applicant proposes to conduct Part 142activities. Descriptions of procedures must be of sufficient depth and detail to enable

personnel to conduct activities in accordance with the operator’s exposition.

Each procedure should address:

• what must be done

• who should do it

• when it must be done

• where it must be done

• how it must be done

• record keeping

• how the procedure is monitored.

Once authorisation under Part 142 is issued by CASA, an operator is obliged to conduct the

activities in accordance with the exposition.


4/67


Suggested exposition s tructure and content

This document offers a suggested structure for an exposition including parts, sections and

subsections. Irrespective of the location of requirements within Part 142, most related

subject matter is collated under relevant section headings.

An applicant is not obliged to develop an exposition in accordance with this suggested

structure. Other structures, more suitable to an applicant’s individual requirements, are

equally acceptable. Additional headings may be included if required, and headings notrelevant to an applicant’s proposed operation may be omitted.

The structure and content of an exposition should reflect the size and complexity of the

operator’s organisation, as well as the operator’s policies and practices. No single exposition

will be appropriate for all operators.

A sample exposition showing a structure and content applicable to a fictional operator

conducting type rating training in multi-crew aircraft is published as an adjunct to this

document. The sample exposition is designed to provide a practical example of what a

finished exposition might look like.

To ensure all applicable requirements of Part 142 have been addressed, an applicant mayconsider developing a compliance matrix or checklist, cross referencing each regulatory

requirement to the exposition.

Supporting manuals and documents

CASR 142.340(1)(s)

An exposition must include an operations manual and other manuals for describing systems

such as a safety management system or internal training and checking system.

In practice, the policies and processes defining how an applicant proposes to conduct

Part 142 activities will be included in the operator’s manuals, rather than the expositiondocument.

Each manual forms part of the exposition and is subject to the same requirements and

controls. Manuals may be included as appendices to the exposition.

Each manual should include:

• a reference to the legal authority for the manual [CASR Part 142]

• a statement of relationship to the exposition

• a table of contents

•

a list of effective pages• a distribution list

• an amendment record.

Personnel

Descriptions of who should perform a particular task or procedure should identify a position

title (such as ‘safety manager’) or if applicable, a description of the function (such as ‘data

entry clerk’).


5/67


Applying for a Part 142 author isation

The authorisations required to conduct Part 142 activities are:

An air operator’s certificate (AOC) - for activities conducted in an aircraft or 1.

A Part 142 certificate - for activities conducted in a flight simulation training device.2.

An application for a Part 142 authorisation must be made in writing to CASA, using theapplication form available on CASA’s website . An application must be

accompanied by a copy of the applicant’s exposition.

When considering an application under Part 142, CASA will determine if the applicant’s

exposition complies with CASR 142.340 and whether the operator can conduct the proposed

Part 142 activities in accordance with its exposition and civil aviation legislation.

Operators should refer to the CASR for further information regarding the:

• issue of an AOC [CASR 142.085]

• conditions on an AOC [CASR 142.100]

• issue of a Part 142 certificate [CASR 142.110]

• conditions on a Part 142 certificate [CASR 142.120].

When CASA issues a Part 142 authorisation to an applicant it means CASA has approved

the applicant’s exposition.

Ongoing use of the exposition

An operator must ensure that the exposition is monitored and managed for continuous

improvement, ensuring the practices of the operator continue to be accurately described.

http://www.casa.gov.au/http://www.casa.gov.au/http://www.casa.gov.au/


6/67


TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Effective Pages........................................................................................................... 9

Amendment Record ............................................................................................................ 10

Distribution List ................................................................................................................... 11

Abbreviations, Acronyms and Definitions ............................................................................ 12

Definitions ........................................................................................................................... 12

PART 1 – GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 13

1.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Statement ...................................................................... 13

1.2 Operator Safety Policy .......................................................................................... 13

1.3 Operator Information ............................................................................................. 13

1.3.1 Name and ABN .............................................................................................. 13

1.3.2 Address ......................................................................................................... 14

1.3.3

Contact Details .............................................................................................. 14

1.4

Authorised Part 142 Activities ............................................................................... 14

1.5 Other Operations .................................................................................................. 14

1.6 Exposition ............................................................................................................. 14

1.7 Organisational Structure ....................................................................................... 15

1.8 Corporate Structure .............................................................................................. 16

1.9 Key Personnel ...................................................................................................... 17

1.9.1 Chief Executive Officer .................................................................................. 20

1.9.2 Head of Operations ........................................................................................ 21

1.9.3 Safety Manager ............................................................................................. 22

1.9.4 Quality Assurance Manager ........................................................................... 25

1.9.5 Instructor Responsibilities .............................................................................. 27

1.9.6 Responsibilities of Staff other than Key Personnel ......................................... 27

PART 2 – FACILITIES ........................................................................................................ 28

2.1 Aircraft .................................................................................................................. 28

2.1.1

Australian Registered Aircraft ........................................................................ 28

2.1.2 Foreign Registered Aircraft ............................................................................ 28

2.1.3 Turbine-engined Aircraft – leasing arrangements ........................................... 28

2.1.4

Turbine-engined Aircraft – management, maintenance and continuing

airworthiness ................................................................................................................ 28

2.1.5 Flight Simulation Training Devices ................................................................. 29

2.1.6 Facilities......................................................................................................... 29

PART 3 – SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES ........................................................................... 30

3.1

Part 142 Flight Training ......................................................................................... 30

3.1.1 Training Plans ................................................................................................ 31

3.1.2 Assessment Plans ......................................................................................... 33


7/67


3.1.3

Course Syllabuses ......................................................................................... 34

3.1.4 Course Outlines ............................................................................................. 35

3.1.5 Procedures When a Standard is Not Met ....................................................... 35

3.1.6 Supervision of Course Participants ................................................................ 36

3.1.7 Supervision of First Solo Flights ..................................................................... 36

3.1.8

Approval of Other Solo Flights ....................................................................... 37

3.1.9 Approval of Instructional Flights ..................................................................... 38

3.1.10 Supervision of Instructors............................................................................... 39

3.1.11 Flight Tests and Examinations ....................................................................... 39

3.1.12

Flight Training Records .................................................................................. 39

3.1.13 Standardisation and Supervision of Training Personnel ................................. 40

3.1.14 Flight Training Areas and Areas of Operation ................................................ 40

3.1.15 Low-flying Flight Training Areas ..................................................................... 41

3.1.16 Carriage of Passengers ................................................................................. 41

3.1.17 Checklists ...................................................................................................... 41

3.1.18 Integrated Training ......................................................................................... 41

3.2 Contracted Recurrent Training .............................................................................. 42

3.2.1 Procedures for Conducting and Managing Contracted Recurrent Training ..... 42

3.2.2 Conformance with Contracting Operator’s Procedures .................................. 43

3.2.3 Minimum Qualifications and Experience of Personnel .................................... 43

3.2.4

Assignment of Command Responsibility ........................................................ 44

3.2.5 Instructors – authorisation under CASR Part 61 ............................................. 44

3.2.6 Competency of Instructors using Flight Simulation Training Devices ............. 44

3.2.7

Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 44

3.2.8 Transfer of Records ....................................................................................... 45


3.2.10 Training Areas ............................................................................................... 46

3.3 Contracted Checking ............................................................................................ 46

3.3.1

Procedures for Conducting and Managing Contracted Checking ................... 46

3.3.2 Conformance with Contracting Operator’s Procedures .................................. 47

3.3.3 Minimum Qualifications and Experience of Personnel .................................... 47

3.3.4 Assignment of Command Responsibility ........................................................ 47

3.3.5 Examiners – authorisation under CASR Part 61 ............................................ 48

3.3.6 Competency of Examiners using Flight Simulation Training Devices ............. 48

3.3.7 Record Keeping ............................................................................................. 48

3.3.8

Transfer of Records ....................................................................................... 49


3.3.10 Training Areas ............................................................................................... 50


8/67


3.4

Operations Manual................................................................................................ 50

3.5 Internal Training and Checking System ................................................................. 50

3.5.1 Organisation and Personnel ........................................................................... 50

3.5.2 Internal Training ............................................................................................. 52

3.5.3 Internal Checking ........................................................................................... 58

3.6

Safety Management System ................................................................................. 62

3.7 Quality Assurance Management System .............................................................. 62

3.8 Change Management ........................................................................................... 63

3.8.1 Significant Changes ....................................................................................... 63

3.8.2

Changes that are Not Significant Changes .................................................... 64

3.8.3 Changes to the Part 142 Operator Exposition ................................................ 65

3.8.4 Direction by CASA to Change Exposition ....................................................... 65

3.9 Fatigue Management ............................................................................................ 65

3.10 Dangerous Goods Manual .................................................................................... 65

3.11 Approvals under the Regulations .......................................................................... 66

3.12 Third Party Suppliers ............................................................................................ 66

PART 4 – APPENDICES .................................................................................................... 67

4.1 Reference Library ................................................................................................. 67

4.2 Other Documents .................................................................................................. 67


9/67


List of Effective Pages

A list of effective pages should be provided if the exposition is published as a paper

document. Revisions to the list must be included with any amendments.

The version number and effective date should be included as a header or footer to each

page of an electronic document.

Part Issue Date Pages


10/67


Amendment Record

The chief executive officer is responsible for ensuring the exposition is monitored and

managed for continuous improvement. Amendments to the exposition must be made in

accordance with the operator’s procedures for making changes, as described in the

exposition.

This section should record each amendment and indicate the current amendment status ofthe exposition.

Amendment

No.Date Amendment Details Amended by Date

Incorporated


11/67


Distribution List

CASR 142.350 requires an exposition to be made available to an operator’s personnel,

before they begin carrying out their duties. Only those parts of the exposition relating to their

duties need to be made available to the individual.

If the exposition is published electronically, this section should set out how the electronic

version is made available to personnel in accordance with CASR 142.350.

Any part of the exposition published as a paper document should contain an auditable

record of distribution. A distribution list of paper documents may be included in this section.


12/67


Abbreviations, Acronyms and Definit ions

In this section set out the meaning of any abbreviations, acronyms and unique terms used in

the exposition. For example:

ABN Australian Business Number

AC Advisory Circular

AOC Air Operator's Certificate

ARN Aviation Reference Number

CAAP Civil Aviation Advisory Publication

CAO Civil Aviation Order

CASA Civil Aviation Safety Authority

CASR Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (1998)

CAR Civil Aviation Regulations (1988)

CEO Chief Executive Officer

CPL Commercial Pilot Licence

FRMS Fatigue Risk Management Systems

FSTD Flight Simulation Training Device

HF Human Factors

HoO Head of Operations

MOS Manual of Standards

NTS Non-Technical Skills

PPL Private Pilot Licence

SMS Safety Management Systems

Definitions

In this exposition the word procedure/s means details of:

• what action is required to be accomplished

• when the action is required to be conducted

• who is responsible for carrying out the action

• how the action is to be conducted

• where the action is to be conducted (if applicable).


13/67


PART 1 – GENERAL

1

1.1 Chief Executive Officer’s Statement

Although not required under Part 142, an introductory statement by the chief executive

officer may be included in an exposition. The statement may refer to:

• the purpose and legal status of the exposition

• other manuals

• activities to be conducted in accordance with the exposition

• continued authorisation depending on compliance with the exposition

• amendment of the exposition requiring formal control.

1.2 Operator Safety Policy

While Part 142 does not call for an introductory statement of safety policy to be included in

an exposition, under CASR 142.265(2)(b) this must be included in an operator’s safety

management system.

The statement may be repeated at the beginning of the exposition, as a prominent

declaration by management of the operator’s commitment to and responsibility for safety.

Safety policy statements typically include:

• the safety objectives of the organisation

• the commitment of senior management to provide the resources necessary foreffective safety management, including the appointment of safety managementpersonnel

• a statement about responsibility and accountability for safety at all levels of theorganisation

• the explicit support of management for an open and fair culture, as part of the safetyculture of the organisation.

1.3 Operator Information

This section must detail the operator’s contact information, including the approved trainingbase locations where Part 142 activities are to be conducted.

1.3.1 Name and ABN

CASR 142.340(1)(a)

An exposition must include the applicant’s name, including any operating or trading name,

and ABN (if any).

• if the applicant is a person – include their full name and ARN (if any)

• If the applicant is a corporation - include the corporate name, ABN and ARN (if any)


14/67


1.3.2 Address

CASR 142.340(1)(b)

Include the address of the applicant’s operational headquarters and the address for each of

the applicant’s training bases.

1.3.3 Contact Details

CASR 142.340(1)(a)

Include postal addresses, phone and fax numbers, and email addresses in this section of the

exposition.

1.4 Author ised Part 142 Activi ties

CASR 142.340(1)(j)

The exposition must include a detailed description of the Part 142 activities the applicantproposes to conduct.

Example:

• Part 142 flight training:

- commercial pilot licence (aeroplane)

- type rating Beech 1900D

- multi-crew cooperation.

• Contracted checking.

Once CASA is satisfied that an authorisation may be issued to an applicant, the authorisedactivities will be listed on the AOC or certificate, as appropriate.

1.5 Other Operations

CASR 142.340(1)(q)

The exposition must include a description of any operations, other than Part 142 activities,

that the operator conducts or proposes to conduct.

For example, an applicant may hold authorisations under Part 141 or Part 135.

1.6 Exposition

Part 142 includes a number of provisions related to the maintenance and distribution of an

operator’s exposition.

Chief executive officer responsibiliti es

CASR 142.180(1)(f)

The chief executive officer of a Part 142 operator is responsible for ensuring an exposition is

monitored and managed for continuous improvement.


15/67


Distribution to personnel

CASR 142.350

An exposition must describe how an operator will ensure its personnel have access to the

parts of the exposition that are relevant to their duties. The description should address the

following:

• how personnel receive the sections of the exposition related to their duties, prior tocarrying out the duties

• how an operator will record the distribution of an exposition

• how changes to an exposition are communicated to personnel (if changes are madethat may affect their duties)

• how an operator will record the distribution of amendments to an exposition.

Changes to exposition

CASR 142.095

An applicant’s exposition is deemed to be approved if CASA issues an authorisation to theapplicant. Subsequent changes to an exposition must be notified to CASA.

• changes defined under CASR 142.030 as significant changes must be approved byCASA [CASR 142.145]

• changes must be made in accordance with the operator’s exposition or penalties maybe imposed under CASR 142.150.

1.7 Organisational Structure

CASR 142.160 and 142.340(1)(c)

A Part 142 operator must maintain an organisational structure that effectively manages its

activities, taking into account the following:

• the nature and complexity of the activities

• the number and kinds of aircraft or flight simulation training devices used to conductthe activities

• the number and location of training bases used by the operator

• the number of personnel

•

the number of course participants undertaking Part 142 flight training• the number of contracting operators and the number of their personnel for whom the

operator is conducting contracted recurrent training

• the number of contracting operators and the number of their personnel for whom theoperator is conducting contracted checking.

Each applicant should determine the most appropriate structure for achieving functional

control of the Part 142 organisation, including the establishment of a sufficient number of

managers to ensure the required level of supervision of personnel.


16/67


The chain of command should support effective communication and reporting within the

organisation. For the chain of command to be effective, the delegation of responsibility and

accountability should rest with people who have the experience and qualifications relevant to

each management position.

The number of managerial positions should be appropriate to the size and scope of the

proposed operation. For organisations with multiple training bases, the structure must

ensure that the head of operations has effective control over personnel and participants at

each training base.

The structure must also ensure that the safety manager is independent and not subject to

undue influence [CASR 142.180(1)(c)(iii)].

Description and diagram

CASR 142.340(1)(c)

A description and diagram of the Part 142 organisational structure must be provided in the

exposition.

The description should contain sufficient detail to provide a clear understanding of how the

organisation is structured. Position titles for key personnel, managers, and instructors having

responsibility for particular training should be described.

The diagram should provide a clear representation of the structure. Management position

titles and formal reporting lines, including the formal reporting lines for each of the key

personnel, must be shown. Lines of communication may be indicated; for example, the line

of communication between the head of operations and the safety manager.

More than one diagram may be included if necessary to provide a comprehensive

understanding of the whole organisation. This may be required for large and complexorganisations with multiple departments and long reporting lines.

The diagram should correspond with the applicant’s description of the organisation and

provide an accurate visual representation of the structure.

1.8 Corporate Structure

CASR 142.340(1)(d)

If the operator is a corporation, the exposition must provide a description of the corporate

structure. This should include a high level description of the various departments, divisionsand company office holders that interact to conduct the business of the company.

The exposition should refer to the ownership of the company, stating whether the company

is privately or publicly owned or is a charity, trust, or government entity. Indicate if the

business is owned (wholly or in part) by another aviation entity, including if that entity is the

holder of another Part 142 authorisation or Part 141 certificate.


17/67


The degree of detail does not need to be exhaustive in a large corporation, however it

should be sufficient to provide an understanding of the corporation and sufficient for CASA to

assess whether:

• the corporate structure is suitable for the activities

• each officer is a fit and proper person to be an officer of the corporation that is issued

an AOC that authorises the conduct of the activities [CASR 142.085(1)(d)].

1.9 Key Personnel

CASR 142.D

Under this Subpart, all key personnel positions have regulated responsibilities.

Key personnel are defined as the people that hold or carry out the responsibilities of the

following positions:

• Chief Executive Officer

• Head of Operations

• Safety Manager (for operators whose authorised Part 142 activities are conductedonly in aircraft or in both aircraft and flight simulation training devices)

• Quality Assurance Manager (for operators who conduct their authorised Part 142activities only in flight simulation training devices, and who do not operate aircraft aspart of these activities).

An applicant is not obliged to use these titles, however if different, the exposition should

identify which titles are equivalent to the regulatory titles.

Each of the operator’s key personnel positions must be filled at all times[CASR 142.100(1)(c)], and an exposition must include the names of the individuals

occupying the key personnel positions [CASR 142.340(1)(e)].

Under Subpart 142.D, all key personnel positions have mandatory responsibilities. The

regulations relating to key personnel responsibilities do not involve offences, however

compliance with regulations relating to key personnel responsibilities are conditions on the

operator’s Part 142 authorisation. Failure to adhere to the conditions will jeopardise the

validity of the authorisation.

An exposition should describe a process for selection and appointment of people to key

personnel positions. Each operation of the process should be fully documented andauditable, and include details of how qualifications and experience have been verified.

An operator may require the qualifications and experience for key personnel to exceed the

mandatory levels set by the regulations; depending on the size, scale and complexity of the

operation.

CASA may direct key personnel to have additional qualifications and experience

[CASR 142.215].


18/67


CASA must be satisfied that each of the applicant’s proposed key personnel are fit and

proper people in accordance with the following considerations:

• the person’s criminal record (if any) in Australia or a foreign country

• bankruptcy (if any) in Australia or a foreign country

• the person’s history (if any) of serious behavioural problems

• any evidence held by CASA that the person has contravened:

- civil aviation legislation

- another law relating to transport safety (including aviation) in Australia or aforeign country.

• the person’s demonstrated attitude towards compliance with regulatory requirementsrelating to transport safety (including aviation) in Australia or a foreign country

• the record of compliance with regulatory requirements relating to transport safety(including aviation) of any corporation in Australia or a foreign country in which theperson:

- is or was an officer or partner (however described)

- holds or held a position equivalent to any of the applicant’s key personnel.

• the following records for any corporation in which the person is or was an officer, orholds or held a position equivalent to any of the applicant’s key personnel, in Australia or a foreign country:

- the corporation’s criminal record (if any)

- the corporation’s record of insolvency, bankruptcy, receivership or winding up(if any)

- the corporation’s record (if any) as a body subject to investigation or comment

by any statutory authority established to regulate the share dealings orfinancial affairs of corporations.

• any other matter relating to the fitness of the person to be an officer of a corporationthat holds an authorisation to conduct the specified Part 142 activities.

The applicant’s selection process for key personnel should also determine that appointed

persons are fit and proper persons for the position.

Temporary absence of key personnel

To minimise disruption due to the absence or inability of key personnel to carry out their

responsibilities, an applicant must authorise alternative personnel to carry out the

responsibilities [CASR 142.340(1)(e)(iv)].

The details of the selection process for each standby key personnel should be documented

and the authorised standby key person should satisfy the qualifications and experience

requirements for the position.

Additionally, an exposition must describe a process for safely managing the temporary

absence or inability of a key person to carry out their responsibilities

[CASR 142.340(1)(e)(v)].

The process should provide for safe transition to operations under the temporary position

holder. The exposition must describe how the responsibilities and accountabilities will be

managed, and how CASA will be notified, if required.


19/67


The exposition must include the full name of the person authorised to act on behalf of each

key person during any period of temporary absence. It should also include, for example,

details on how the standby arrangement will work and how employees are notified that the

standby person is acting in that capacity and when it ends.

If an operator becomes aware that key personnel cannot carry out, or are likely to be unable

to carry out the responsibilities of the key position, for a period of more than 35 days, the

operator must advise CASA within the following time periods after becoming aware of the

matter:

• 24 hours if there is not another person authorised to carry out the responsibilities

• 3 days if there is another person authorised to carry out the responsibilities.

Familiarisation training for key personnel

CASR 142.170

Familiarisation training for key personnel must be completed before they can begin to carry

out the responsibilities of the position. Each standby key position holder should also receivefamiliarisation training for the key person’s responsibilities and accountabilities, prior to

carrying out the responsibilities of the position.

The familiarisation training must cover the matters necessary to familiarise the person with

the responsibilities and accountabilities of the position. The training should also include the

following topics:

• the company structure, governance and management

• the legislative framework governing civil aviation

• the scope of regulatory authorisation

• the reporting requirements for key personnel and other management, and the dutiesand responsibilities of all personnel

• the applicant’s relevant policies

• the applicant’s Part 142 systems

• the safety management system, safety policy and safety culture

• key risks and risk management strategies

• familiarisation with the exposition, supporting manuals and documents, and theprocesses and procedures they describe

The exposition should describe:

• the content of the training

• who will deliver the training

• how a record of the satisfactory completion of training is made.

The training may be developed and delivered by the Part 142 internal training and checking

organisation. Refer to subsection 3.5.2.3 of this document for further information about this

training.


20/67


1.9.1 Chief Executive Officer

1.9.1.1 Appointee Name

Provide the full name of the person appointed as chief executive officer

[CASR 142.340(1)(e)(iii)].

The position of chief executive officer is required to be filled at all times

[CASR 142.100(1)(c)].

The positions of chief executive officer and safety manager must not be filled by the same

person without the prior approval of CASA [CASR 142.100(1)(f)].

1.9.1.2 Qualifi cations and Experience Requirements

An exposition must set out the qualifications and experience required by the operator for the

position. The qualifications and experience are in addition to those described under CASR

Subpart 142.D [CASR 142.340(1)(e)].

In accordance with CASR 142.175, the chief executive officer must have sufficient relevantexperience in organisational, operational, financial and people management of air operations

to enable the operator to conduct safe operations in accordance with its exposition and civil

aviation legislation.

The selection criteria, to be included in the exposition, should address regulatory

requirements as well as these matters:

• an appropriate understanding of the responsibility for regulatory compliance

• a demonstrated understanding of aviation legislation

• an ability to exercise due care and diligence

• a demonstrated ability to describe appropriate corporate and safety policy

• an understanding of risk management and safety management.

Qualifications and experience for the chief executive officer, in addition to the requirements

of CASR 142.175, should be stated in this section, whether imposed by the operator itself or

by CASA [CASR 142.340(1)(e)].

CASA may direct a person nominated to be the chief executive officer to undertake an

assessment or interview with CASA, in order to demonstrate their suitability for the position.

A course of training may also be prescribed [CASR 142.215].

1.9.1.3 Responsibilities

The chief executive officer is responsible for implementing and overseeing the strategic

direction, policies and standards of governance of the operator. CASR 142.180 sets out the

responsibilities and accountabilities for which the chief executive officer is accountable to

CASA and the operator.

The chief executive officer may delegate duties to other personnel; however the chief

executive officer retains responsibility and accountability for the matters specified in CASR

142.180.


21/67


Additional responsibilities which may be imposed by the operator or by CASA must be

described in the exposition [CASR 142.340(1)(e)], noting additional responsibilities must not

conflict with the responsibilities prescribed under CASR 142.180.

While only additional responsibilities must be described, an operator may also list all of the

chief executive officer’s responsibilities for ease of reference.

Circumstances that may warrant additional responsibilities include the following:

• the chief executive officer has job responsibilities that go beyond those described inCASR 142.180

• the chief executive officer may be distracted by additional responsibilities that wouldnot otherwise be visible to CASA

• the chief executive officer has significant instructional or examining duties

• the company also operates other businesses

• the chief executive officer works part-time in the role

• the chief executive officer fills other key person positions.

An applicant must provide a means for the chief executive officer to carry out each of the

responsibilities of the position. This may be achieved through comprehensive and

documented policies and processes, and by timely availability of finance and resources.

1.9.1.4 Standby Appointee

The full name of the standby chief executive officer must be included

[CASR 142.340(1)(e)(iv)].

1.9.2 Head of Operations


Provide the full name of the person appointed as head of operations

[CASR 142.340(1)(e)(iii)].

The position of head of operations is required to be filled at all times [CASR 142.100(1)(c)].

The positions of head of operations and safety manager must not be filled by the same

person without prior CASA approval [CASR 142.100(1)(f)].

1.9.2.2 Qualifications and Experience RequirementsThe head of operations must have the qualifications and experience relevant to the Part 142

activities undertaken [CASR 142.185].

If the prescribed qualifications and experience are not held, an application may be made to

CASA for an approval to be the head of operations [CASR 142.040].

The head of operations does not need to hold an air transport pilot licence if the proposed

activities are limited to single pilot operations (for example, integrated courses for the grant

of a private pilot licence or commercial pilot licence). In this situation a minimum of a

commercial pilot licence is suitable [CASR 142.185(3)].


22/67


Qualifications and experience in addition to the requirements of CASR 142.185 for the head

of operations should be stated in this section, whether imposed by the operator itself or

CASA [CASR 142.340(1)(e)].

CASA may direct a person nominated to be the head of operations to undertake an

assessment or interview with CASA in order to demonstrate their suitability for the position.

A course of training may also be prescribed [CASR 142.215].


CASR 142.190

The head of operations has the overall responsibility for safely managing the activities

authorised under Part 142.

CASR 142.190 sets out the responsibilities for which the head of operations is accountable

to CASA and the operator.

The head of operations may delegate duties to other personnel; however the head of

operations retains responsibility and accountability for the matters specified in CASR142.190.

Additional responsibilities which may be imposed by the operator or CASA must be

described in the exposition. While only additional responsibilities must be described, an

operator may list all of the responsibilities for ease of reference.

Additional responsibilities must not conflict with the responsibilities prescribed under the

regulations.


• the head of operations has job responsibilities that go beyond those described inCASR 142.190

• the head of operations may be distracted by additional responsibilities that would nototherwise be visible to CASA

• the head of operations has significant instructional or examining duties


• the head of operations fills other key person positions.

An applicant must provide a means for the head of operations to carry out each of the


documented policies and processes, and by timely availability of finance and resources.

1.9.2.4 Standby appointee

The full name of the standby head of operations must be included [CASR 142.340(1)(c)].

1.9.3 Safety Manager

A safety manager is required when Part 142 activities are conducted in:

•

aircraft only or • aircraft and flight simulation training devices.


23/67



Provide the full name of the person appointed as safety manager [CASR 142.340(1)(e)(iii)].

The position of safety manager is required to be filled at all times [CASR 142.100(1)(c)].

The positions of chief executive officer and safety manager, or head of operations and safety

manager, must not be occupied by the same person except in an unforeseen circumstance

for no longer than 7 consecutive days [CASR 142.100(2)(a)] or if holding an approval underCASR 142.040, the period mentioned in that approval [CASR 142.100(2)(b).

1.9.3.2 Qualifications and Experience Requirements

CASR 142.195

There are no mandatory qualifications specified for appointment as safety manager.

However, given the nature of the role, there are certain formal qualifications, experience and

attributes that are beneficial for a safety manager to possess.

Recommended formal qualifications are:

• Lead Quality/Safety Auditor

• Certificate IV in Training and Assessment.

Recommended courses completed are:

• human factors and threat and error management

• safety incident investigation training.

Areas where the safety manager may require formal training include:

• integrating human factors into a safety management system

• developing, implementing, operating and maintaining a safety management system.

Additionally, a safety manager needs to have (or be given the opportunity to develop)

knowledge of the following:

• safety management principles and practices

• human factors

• written and verbal communication skills

• interpersonal skills

• computer literacy

• instructional qualifications and experience, such as a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment

• familiarisation with the operator’s different fleets, training programs and locations oftraining.


24/67


CASR 142.195 specifies the experience required by the safety manager as being:

(a) sufficient relevant safety management experience to capably lead, manage and

set standards to enable the operator to implement its safety management system in

accordance with its exposition

(b) a satisfactory record in the conduct and management of air operations, and

(c) sufficient safety and regulatory knowledge to enable the operator to conduct

authorised Part 142 activities safely and in accordance with its exposition and civil


Ideally the safety manager appointed to the position should have:

• a broad operational knowledge of and experience within an aviation organisation

• a sound knowledge of, and formal training in, safety management principles andpractices

• a sound knowledge and understanding of human factors and non-technical skills

• the ability to communicate at all levels within and outside of the organisation.

Any additional qualifications and experience that are above the requirements of CASR

142.195 for the safety manager position should be stated in this part of the exposition,

whether imposed by the operator itself or by CASA under CASR 142.215.


CASR 142.200

The safety manager is responsible for providing guidance and direction on the planning,

implementation and operation of the organisation’s safety management system. If theoperator uses a Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS), the safety manager will also be

responsible for its maintenance and continuous improvement.

For an operator conducting activities in both aircraft and flight simulation training devices, the

safety manager is also responsible for the effective operation and management of the quality

assurance functions required by CASR 142.265(1)(c), within the safety management

system.

The safety manager should report directly to the chief executive officer, with communication

lines to senior management as appropriate. This allows the safety manager to be

independent from operational areas, with the authority to look across the company from asafety perspective. As the chief executive officer is the person legally accountable for the

overall safety performance of the operation, it is appropriate that the safety manager report

directly to the chief executive officer.


described in the exposition. While only additional responsibilities must be described, an

operator may list all of the responsibilities for ease of reference.

Additional responsibilities must not conflict with the responsibilities prescribed under CASR

142.200.


25/67



• the safety manager has job responsibilities that go beyond those described inCASR 142.200

• the safety manager may be distracted by additional responsibilities that would nototherwise be visible to CASA

•

the safety manager has significant instructional or examining duties• the company also operates other businesses

• the safety manager works part-time in the role

• the safety manager fills other key person positions.

An applicant must provide a means for the safety manager to carry out each of the


documented policies and processes, and by the timely availability of finance and resources.


The full name of the standby safety manager must be included [CASR 142.165].

1.9.4 Quality Assurance Manager

An operator proposing to conduct authorised Part 142 activities in flight simulation training

devices only, must appoint a quality assurance manager as part of its key personnel. A

safety manager is not required [CASR 142.025].


Provide the full name of the person appointed as quality assurance manager

[CASR 142.340(1)(e)(iii)].

The position of quality assurance manager is required to be filled at all times

[CASR 142.100(1)(c)].

The positions of chief executive officer and quality assurance manager, or head of

operations and quality assurance manager, must not be occupied by the same person

except in an unforeseen circumstance, and for no longer than 7 consecutive days

[CASR 142.120(2)(a)] or if holding an approval under CASR 142.040, the period mentioned

in that approval [CASR 142.120(2)(b).

1.9.4.2 QualificationsThere are no mandatory qualifications specified for appointment as quality assurance

manager.

CASR 142.205 specifies the experience required by the quality assurance manager as

being:

(a) sufficient relevant quality assurance management experience to capably lead,

manage and set standards to enable the operator to safely implement its quality

assurance management system in accordance with its exposition, and


26/67


(b) sufficient safety and regulatory knowledge to enable the operator to conduct

authorised Part 142 activities safely and in accordance with its exposition and civil


Ideally, the person appointed to the quality assurance manager position should have:

• experience in managing quality within an ISO9001 organisation or equivalent

• operational and training experience in flight simulation training devices

• qualifications and experience in quality assurance and auditing, including Lead Auditor training

• a Certificate IV in Training and Assessment

• regulatory compliance experience within an aviation organisation.

Any additional qualifications and experience that are above the requirements of CASR

142.205 for the quality assurance manager position should be stated here, whether imposed

by the operator itself or CASA under CASR 142.215.


The quality assurance manager is responsible for managing the quality assurance

management system of the operator. CASR 142.210 sets out the responsibilities of the

quality assurance manager.


described in the exposition [CASR 142.340(1)(e)]. While only additional responsibilities must

be described, an operator may list all of the responsibilities for ease of reference.

Additional responsibilities must not conflict with the responsibilities prescribed under

CASR 142.210.


• the quality assurance manager has job responsibilities that go beyond thosedescribed in CASR 142.210

• the quality assurance manager may be distracted by additional responsibilities thatwould not otherwise be visible to CASA

• the quality assurance manager has significant instructional or examining duties


• the quality assurance manager works part-time in the role

• the quality assurance manager fills other key person positions.

An applicant must provide a means for the quality assurance manager to carry out each of

the responsibilities of the position. This may be achieved through comprehensive and

documented policies and processes, and by the timely availability of finance and resources.


The full name of the standby quality assurance manager must be included

[CASR 142.340(1)(e)].


27/67


1.9.5 Instructor Responsibi lit ies

For each instructor appointed by the head of operations to have responsibility for particular

authorised Part 142 flight training, include the following details in the exposition

[CASR 142.340(1)(g)]:

• the instructor’s name

• the position held

• the duties and responsibilities of the position.

Requirements applicable to flight instructors and examiners are specified in CASR

Subpart 142.E.

1.9.6 Responsibili ties of Staff other than Key Personnel

CASR 142.340(1)(i) requires an exposition to also include the responsibilities of the

operator’s personnel, other than key personnel.

For example, a position may be described in the exposition as responsible for a Part 142

flight training activity, and for making recommendations of people eligible to undertake flight

tests under CASR 61.235.


28/67


PART 2 – FACILITIES

2

2.1 Aircraft

2.1.1 Australian Registered Aircraft

If during the course of conducting Part 142 activities in Australian registered aircraft, an

aircraft is flown outside Australian territory, or into or out of Australian territory, an exposition

must describe the kind of aircraft and its registration mark [CASR 142.340(1)(l)(i)].

2.1.2 Foreign Registered Aircraft

Include in this section the following details for each foreign registered aircraft (if any) to be

operated under Part 142 [CASR 142.340(1)(l)(ii)]:

• the nationality and registration mark for the aircraft

• the kind of aircraft.

Under CASR 142.395, the operation of foreign registered aircraft in Australian territory for

Part 142 activities is limited to a total of 90 days within any 12 month period, unless the

operator holds an approval under CASR 142.040.

2.1.3 Turbine-engined Aircraft – leasing arrangements

Where a leasing agreement or other arrangement for the supply of turbine-engined aircraft is

entered into to conduct Part 142 activities, include the details of the lease or otherarrangements in the exposition [CASR 142.340(1)(l)(iii)].

Details should include:

• whether the lease will be a ‘wet’ or ‘dry’ lease

• who the registered operator of the aircraft will be

• who will be responsible for aircraft maintenance and continuing airworthiness

• whether the lease will require an approved minimum equipment list for the type ofaircraft leased

• who has sole right to exercise operational control of the aircraft.

To aid the assessment of the application, a copy of the lease agreement may be supplied.

2.1.4 Turbine-engined Aircraft – management, maintenance and cont inuing

airworthiness

If any Part 142 activities are conducted in turbine-engined aircraft, the exposition must

describe the way the aircraft is managed and maintained, and the way continuing

airworthiness of the aircraft is assured [CASR 142.340(1)(l)(iv)].


29/67


The description should indicate whether maintenance of the aircraft is required under an

approved system of maintenance (class A aircraft) or a maintenance schedule (class B

aircraft). If a maintenance schedule is applicable, the exposition should also indicate whether

the schedule is the manufacturer’s schedule or the CASA maintenance schedule for the

aircraft.

If the aircraft is used for Part 142 activities and is also authorised to operate under an AOC

for the conduct of commercial purposes under CAR 206(1)(c), the exposition should also

state that the aircraft is subject to the continuing airworthiness requirements of CASR

Part 42.

2.1.5 Flight Simulation Training Devices

CASR 142.340(1)(n)

If activities are conducted in flight simulation training devices, the exposition must include the

following:

• a list and description of the devices used for the activities

• each purpose mentioned in CASR Part 61 for which each device may be used

• the procedures by which the operator ensures the qualification of flight simulationtraining devices under CASR Part 60

• the procedures by which the operator ensures the approval of synthetic trainersunder CAO 45.0

• the procedures by which the operator ensures that any other device meets the

qualification standards [CASR 61.045] or is qualified by recognised National Aviation Authority [CASR 61.040].

2.1.6 Facilities

An exposition must include a description of the facilities used for the activities

[CASR 142.340(1)(p)].

For example, describe the briefing and examination rooms, flight planning areas and the

relevant instructional aids and materials provided.

A reference in the exposition manuals to the relevant section may be sufficient.


30/67


PART 3 – SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES

3This part of the exposition describes the systems and processes for conducting and

managing activities under Part 142. Some systems are mandatory [CASR 142.340(1)(s)].

These include safety management systems or quality assurance management systems,

internal training and checking systems, and training management systems. The mandatorysystems must be described in dedicated manuals, such as a safety management system

manual or internal training and checking system manual.

Other systems and processes not specifically prescribed under Part 142 but essential to the

conduct of Part 142 activities must also be described. These include processes for

conducting and managing:

• Part 142 flight training

• contracted recurrent training

• contracted checking.

The format for publishing these processes is not prescribed, and is at the discretion of the

operator. One option may be to include them in the following documents:

• a Flight Training Manual to describe policies and processes for conducting andmanaging Part 142 flight training (if applicable)

• a Contracted Recurrent Training Manual to describe policies and processes forconducting and managing contracted recurrent training (if applicable)

• a Contracted Checking Manual to describe policies and processes for conducting andmanaging contracted checking (if applicable).

3.1 Part 142 Flight Training

Under CASR 142.340(1)(k) an exposition must include a description of the procedures an

operator uses to conduct and manage training, including the supervision of instructors and

people participating in the training.

Training should be conducted and managed based on coordinated processes designed to

transform inputs into standardised training outcomes.

Effective training management should include processes for:

• development of training and assessment plans, course outlines and syllabuses

• production of joining instructions

• managing training records

• identifying and providing instructional and support personnel for completion of acourse

• scheduling instructional staff and resources

• instructional standardisation and supervision

•

identifying and providing the required facilities and equipment• managing examinations and tests


31/67


• reviewing the performance of participants

• managing flight training areas and low flying training areas

• establishing and maintaining flight check systems for training operations

• authorisation of pilot in command

• supervision of student pilot solo flight

• carriage of passengers

• protocols for relationships and behaviour with course participants

• graduation administration.

Each process is comprised of a series of procedures or actions that contribute to the desired

outcome. The procedures must be documented in an appropriate manual, and should

address:

• what must be done

•

who should do it• when

• where

• how

• which documentation must be used

• monitoring the operation and output of the procedure.

3.1.1 Training Plans

A training plan records the outcomes from the process of planning a training course. A planmust be prepared for each proposed course of training. For example, training courses for the

grant of different aircraft type ratings should be subject to individual training plans. Each plan

must be included in an exposition [CASR 142.340(1)(j)(i)(A)].

Training plans outline a strategy for transferring skills, knowledge and behaviours to course

participants in a clear, logical and systematic manner.

A training plan provides details of:

• what training will take place

• what the competencies that need to be established are• what the objectives and expected outcomes are

• who the course participants are

• how training will be delivered

• how it will be assessed

• when the training will be conducted

• a time frame for achieving competencies.

The successful completion of training will depend on the quality of the planning. A Part 142

operator should have the capability to develop courses and prepare training plans.


32/67


The process for developing a course should address:

• personnel responsible for the planning

• course development responsibilities

• regulatory requirements for the qualification (e.g. Part 61 MOS)

• participant demographics, prior learning and training needs analysis

• identification of units and elements of competency

• identification of standards

• selection of course phases and objectives based on the appropriate grouping ofsimilar material

• allocation of training lessons and periods to address the prescribed units andelements of competency (the planned rate of delivery and course progression shouldbe set to accommodate learning by a person of average intelligence from the coursedemographic)

• modes of delivery and training techniques (e.g. individual, group, self-paced, aircraft

or flight simulation training device, lectures, guided group discussion, supervisedpractice)

• sequencing of theory and practical training periods to ensure the logical developmentof knowledge and skills, and to ensure that the delivery of theory training is timed tooptimise flight training

• provision for contingencies such as unexpected weather or operational restrictions

• training material requirements

• remedial training policy

• planning validation.

As training for the grant of all Part 61 licences, ratings and endorsements is competency

based, each course must be designed in accordance with the units of the relevant

competency standard specified in Schedule 1 of the Part 61 MOS.

Course planning must consider the elements within each unit of competency. The elements

of knowledge for each qualification are described in Appendix 3 to the MOS, while elements

of competency (skill) are described in Appendix 2 to the MOS.

An operator should ensure that personnel appointed to develop courses and training plans

have appropriate expertise in flight instruction, course design and management.

The planning process should also consider the number of lessons required for the instruction

of each element. The duration of lessons related to knowledge training should be limited to

approximately 45 minutes. However, the duration of flight training periods is more variable

due to factors such as the type of training (e.g. ab initio or advanced training), the type of

operation or aircraft type.

Planning should also include a list of all lessons and periods in chronological order, to form a

‘program of instruction’ for the course.

The planning process should determine - and the training plan should describe - the

resources required for delivery of each course, including the minimum qualifications andexperience for instructional and examining personnel.


33/67


The facilities to be used for each training activity must be described in the exposition

[CASR 142.340(1)(p)]. As the specification of resources required to conduct a course are

determined during the planning process, the description of course facilities and equipment

may be included in the training plan.

The level of detail about the facilities should be sufficient to identify items that are essential

to the conduct of each course, and should include:

• briefing rooms (air conditioned and free of noise distraction)

• briefing aids

• a flight preparation office with internet access

• amenities

• aircraft/simulators

• operational publications.

Under CASR 142.265(8)(d) an operator’s safety management system (if required) must

include a process for regularly assessing the suitability of facilities and resources used toconduct training.

A procurement process should ensure the timely acquisition of all facilities and equipment

needed to conduct each training course.

3.1.2 Assessment Plans

Competency based training must also include assessment of performance and competency.

Assessment is the process of reviewing evidence of the trainee’s performance against

standards, such as the Part 61 MOS. Standards are expressed as performance criteria and

knowledge standards for each unit and element of competency.

The plan should be based on obtaining evidence of competency in knowledge (from the

results of reviews and examinations) and evidence of competency in skills (from the

recorded observation of instructors and examiners).

Evidence should identify task skills, management skills, contingency skills and the ability to

apply skills and knowledge in new circumstances.

Each assessment plan should provide for continuous (formative) and periodic (summative)

assessment at predetermined milestones, such as phase or course completion.

Guidance must be provided to instructors and examiners to ensure that formative

assessments are made consistently, and evidence is valid.

Policies and procedures for summative assessments, including flight tests and examinations

of knowledge, must also be described.

Sufficient summative assessments of both skill and knowledge should be planned

throughout the course, particularly at the conclusion of course phases or stages, to verify

formative assessments. Evidence of meeting the required performance standards on

multiple occasions over the period of learning indicates competency has been achieved in

the element/unit.


34/67


Instructions and guidance must be provided to instructors and examiners to ensure correct

implementation of the assessment plan.

When relevant, an assessment plan must ensure a student pilot is assessed as competent

prior to conducting first time solo flights in the circuit, training area, cross country and at

night.

Pre-solo assessments must also include assessments of skills, knowledge and Englishlanguage proficiency standards.

As assessment planning is an integral part of the development of a training course, a

process for preparing assessment plans should be described.

The process for preparing assessment plans should address:

• personnel responsible for preparation of the plan

• plan development responsibilities

•

regulatory requirements for the qualification (e.g. CASR Part 61)• identification of standards: Part 61 MOS

• formative assessment policy and practice

• summative assessment policy and practice (including compliance withCASR 142.385, in relation to assessment of competency for certain solo flights)

• record keeping

• planning validation.

3.1.3 Course Syllabuses

A detailed syllabus for each course of flight training or contracted recurrent training listed in

the application must be included in an exposition.

A syllabus may contain, but is not limited to:

• the course description

• the objectives and learning outcomes

• a detailed program of the course, listing each lesson in chronological sequence

• a summary of topics to be covered in a course

• assessment details and standards to be met.

For each knowledge lesson, a syllabus should list the elements of knowledge as specified in

the training plan, together with related topics and specific content described in the

Part 61 MOS.

For each flight lesson a syllabus must list the elements of performance, together with related

performance criteria described in the Part 61 MOS.


35/67


An exposition should describe a process for the preparation of course syllabuses. The

description should include:

• personnel responsible for preparation

• responsibilities

• regulatory requirements for the qualification (e.g. Part 61)

• review of the training plan

• allocation of specific content or performance criteria to each lesson identified in thetraining plan

• lesson plans for each period

• validation.

Each flight training lesson should include time allocated for:

• flight training briefings, including underpinning knowledge

•

private study periods for participant preparation• pre-flight briefing

• the flight lesson

• debriefing

• administration.

3.1.4 Course Outl ines

Under CASR 142.255, a course outline for each training course must be included in an

operator’s training management system.

A course outline may include:

• an overview of the course

• course objectives and outcomes

• a course program indicating the sequence of theory and flight training, progressassessments, examinations and tests

• participant pre-requisites (e.g. minimum age, education or aptitude)

• course commencement date

• training delivery methods

• assessment criteria and methods.

An exposition should include instructions for producing course outlines.

3.1.5 Procedures When a Standard is Not Met

An exposition must include a process to be followed when a standard is not met by a

participant during training [CASR 142.255(b)]. The process should ensure that evidence in

support of assessments is recorded, particularly when required competencies have not been

demonstrated. Recommendations for further training must also be documented.


36/67


An exposition should include a process for managing remedial training to address

deficiencies identified during assessments. The process should ensure further assessments

are only made when a re-training plan has been completed, and following recommendation

by a senior instructor. The re-training plan and records should be included in the participant’s

training file.

Provision should also be made for re-examination in accordance with knowledge deficiency

reports resulting from CASA aeronautical knowledge examinations. A means to control the

integrity of the re-examination process should be detailed in the exposition.

3.1.6 Supervision of Course Participants

Under CASR 142.340(1)(k), an exposition must include procedures for the supervision of

people participating in Part 142 activities.

The exposition must describe the duties and responsibilities of Part 142 personnel in

ensuring participants are supervised to an extent necessary to maintain safety.

Supervision of course participants is described under the following subsections of thisdocument:

• subsection 3.1.7: Supervision of First Solo Flights

• subsection 3.1.8: Approval of Other Solo Flights

• subsection 3.1.9: Approval of Instructional Flights.

3.1.7 Supervision of First Solo Flights

CASR 142.385 and 142.386 make provisions relating to first time solo flights in the circuit,

training area, cross country or at night.

The provisions under CASR 142.385 are separated into requirements for student pilots

conducting solo flights for the first time in the circuit, training area, cross country or at night,

and into requirements for course participants conducting solo flights for the first time at night

but who are not student pilots.

The term ‘student pilot’ means a person who does not hold a pilot licence and who is

authorised to pilot an aircraft under CASR 61.112.

CASR 142.386 makes further provisions relating to first time solo flights.

An operator must describe a means for complying with CASR 142.385 and 142.386,

including:

• a statement of relevant management responsibilities and accountabilities

• confirming the solo pilot has an ARN and holds and carries a class 1 or class 2medical certificate or exemption

• methods to verify completion of prescribed training for the solo flight (i.e. all elementsand units applicable to the first solo in the student’s achievement records are datedand certified as competent by the flight instructor prior to the solo flight taking place)

•

standards and methods for assessing the student pilot’s competency to safelyconduct the solo flight


37/67


• providing instructors and examiners with guidance and instruction to ensure validassessments are made and recorded

• assessment and certification that the pilot is capable of conducting the solo flightsafely

• ensuring the requirement for dual instrument time is met, if applicable

• ensuring a student pilot meets the general English language proficiency standard, orhas completed an approved course of training in English language proficiency

• instructions for approving solo flight

• ensuring flights are only conducted under the VFR and in accordance with theinstructor’s approval

• instructions for appropriately pre-flight briefing solo pilots

• ensuring the pre-flight briefing includes terms and conditions of the approval of thesolo flight

• provision for the solo pilot to acknowledge the terms and conditions of the approval(e.g. by countersigning the document)

• record keeping.

An operator must also provide a means for ensuring that a student pilot is appropriately

authorised to conduct the solo flight and is supervised by a Part 142 flight instructor.

An operator must also ensure that the following minimum standard of supervision,

prescribed by CASR 61.112(3), is met:

• The instructor must provide guidance to the student pilot in relation to the flight.

• During the flight, the instructor:

- must be at the aerodrome of departure or flying within 15 nm of the departure

aerodrome

- can be contacted during the flight by radio or other electronic means.

Provision should be made for a Part 142 flight instructor to monitor each solo flight.

For solo circuit operations, an operator should ensure that a competent instructor is

assigned to visually monitor circuit operations, and have two way radio communications with

circuit aircraft.

For training area and navigation solo flight operations, an instructor should be assigned to

monitor radio frequencies when possible, maintain a SAR watch and provide assistance ifnecessary.

Supervising instructors should be capable of following flight, providing operational control

and rendering of assistance, if necessary.

3.1.8 Approval of Other Solo Flights

An operator must provide a means for ensuring that a pilot is appropriately authorised to

conduct subsequent solo flights and is supervised by a Part 142 flight instructor.


38/67


The process should ensure that, before giving approval for a solo flight, the responsible flight

instructor is satisfied that:

• the solo pilot holds and carries a class 1 or 2 medical certificate or exemption

• the solo pilot is medically fit to conduct the flight

• the training objectives of the flight and the limitations on the conduct of the flight have

been provided orally (and preferably in writing) to the solo pilot, and recorded by theinstructor in designated parts of the flight training record

• training records confirm the solo pilot has completed all training for the flight asspecified in the operator’s exposition

• the pilot has been assessed and certified as competent by a flight instructor toconduct the flight

• recent experience requirements as prescribed by CASR 61.115 have been met

• actual and forecast weather conditions are suitable

• the aircraft is serviceable and fuel state is appropriate.

The approval of a solo flight, including terms and conditions, must be discussed with the solo

pilot during a pre-flight briefing and included in the training record by the responsible

instructor. Provision should be made for the solo pilot to acknowledge the terms and

conditions of the approval (e.g. by countersigning the document).

3.1.9 Approval of Instructional Flights

An operator must provide a means for ensuring dual instructional flights are appropriately

authorised and supervised by a Part 142 flight instructor.

Dual instructional flights conducted in accordance with a course syllabus or course programmay be deemed to have approval by virtue of a published daily flight training program. Some

activities such as helicopter touch down auto-rotations or low flying may require specific

approval.

An operator’s process for scheduling instructional flights must include a means for ensuring

that the pilot in command of an aircraft is authorised in accordance with CASR Part 61