SOL Review 4: Napoleon-Congress of Vienna

Congress of Vienna- Legacy of NapoleonUnsuccessful attempt

to unify Europe under French Domination

Napoleonic CodeAwakened feelings of

national pride and growth of nationalism

Congress of Vienna- Legacy of Congress of Vienna

Balance of power- no country should dominate Europe

Restoration of monarchs-legitimacy

New Political Map- New boundaries

New Philosophies- Conservatives and liberals

Rise of NationalismNational Pride, economic competition, and

democratic ideals stimulated the growth of nationalism

Congress of Vienna- led to discontent in Europe( did not include nationalists and liberals)

Revolutions of 1830 and 1848Unsuccessful movements for independence

and democracy by multiple countries. Started due to the Congress of Vienna

Italy Cavour- prime minister of

Sardinia( organized unification of Italy)Victor Emmanuel II – King of Sardinia

Garibaldi- Leader of the red shirts + united Southern Italy

Papal states- last to join Italy

Germany Bismarck- prime minister of Prussia

(responsible for the unification of Germany)Realpolitiks- do whatever it takes to get and

hold powerFranco- Prussian War led to the unification of

Germany

Industrial RevolutionWhere- began in England because of its

natural resources like coal and iron and the invention of the steam engine then spread to Europe and the U.S.

Enclosure Movement- fence in common fields to use land for raising sheep or mass producing food- puts small farmers our of business

Inventions- spinning jenny, steam engine(Watt), Cotton Gin (Whitney), process for making steel (Bessemer), small pox vaccine (Jenner), and rabies vaccine (Pature)

Industrial Revolution

Industrial RevolutionPopulation- increased (more food, better

medicine, and healthier diets) Standard of Living- Increased (products

became more affordable- machine made)Working Conditions- long hours, dangerous,

low pay, etc + preferred women and children(pay them less)

Labor Unions- increased pay and improve working conditions + bargain with employers

Industrial RevolutionUrbanization- movement of people to cities

(crowded and unsanitary conditions)Environment- pollutionTransportation- faster (railroad and

steamboat)Women- increased demands for suffrage

(right to vote)Children- expansion of education

Economic Theories- Capitalism Adam Smith- wrote Wealth of Nations Laissez-faire economics- the government

doesn’t interfere in the economyLaws of supply and demandCompetitionPrivate ownership

Economic Theories- SocialismGovernment owns and operates major

industries and small farms and businesses are privately owned

Economic Theories- CommunismKarl Marx wrote the Communist Manifesto Response to the injustices of capitalism

(some people are poor while some are rich)Redistribute wealthGovernment owns and operates everything