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8/4/2019 Explorarea i evaluarea zcmintelor

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[NJSKXRJ\G\KG \K@NJB G IOALOSKJ

Cgb{a|g|kg Bglgr|x{! Ekolkvjk j Bonr|x{bjj

Bg|klxg Ekolkvjk! Bglgr|x{ j Eko|k`njb

Kptaoxgxkg j ksga{gxkg vbijn|kaox

B@JJN[[.\.I.

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Txkvkn|{a ign{ga Kptaoxgxkg j ksga{gxkg vbijn|kaoxkr|k lkr|jng| r|{lknjaox lk ag rtkbjgaj|g|kg kptaog|xj ijnjkxk(JIVI* tkn|x{ b{nog|kxkg j nr{jxkg ik|olkaox b{ txjsjxk ag

bon|{xgxkg j r|ghjajxkg xkvkxskaox lk r{hr|gnk ijnkxgak {|jak g||bgn|j|g|js b| j bgaj|g|js! r t{n n ksjlkn coxig vbin|{a{j!kp|jnlkxkg tk oxjvon|ga j skx|jbga k|b.

Kaghoxgxk6 bonc. {njs.! lx. Bonr|gn|jn \gxnosrb`j

akb|. r{tkxjox jne. Njng Boxa|kgn{Xklgb|ox xkrtonrghja6 bonc. {njs.!lx. Bonr|gn|jn \gxnosrb`jXkbknvkn|6 akb|. r{tkxjox! jne. Sgakxj{ B{bo

.[.\.I. 8445

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B{txjnr

Txkcg .................................................................................... ..3\kig 7. Noj{nj eknkxgak txjsjnl kptaoxgxkg j ksga{gxkg

vbijn|kaox................................................................. .57.7 Ohjkb|jskak kptaoxxjj......................................................... .....07.8 Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox. Eknkxgaj|j.................................... .07.2 Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox l{t rbot{a a{bxxjaox j exgl{a

aox lk gtxoc{nlgxk........................................................... ..07.2.7 Kptaoxgxkg txkajijngx...... :

7.2.8 Kptaoxgxkg gin{nj| rg{ lk lk|gaj{.. .:7.2.2 Kptaoxgxkg lk txke|jxk j n kp|jnlkxk g vbijn|{a{j.74\kig 8. Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox l{t ik|olkak lk a{bx{. ..778.7. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk.......................................... ...778.8. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj coxgfk............................................ ...788.2. Kptaoxgxkg boihjng| ..788.


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0.;. Xkvkxsk nkkptaog|ghjak................................................... .


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Txkcg

Txkvkn|{a b{xr lk Kptaoxgxk j ksga{gxk g vbijn|kaox{xixk|k rbot{a lk gf{|g tk r|{lknjj lk ag rtkbjgaj|g|kgKptaog|xj ijnjkxk (JIVI* r)j coxikvk o enljxk jnejnkxkgrbboxkb| n bkjg bk txjsk|k r|ghjajxkg xkvkxskaox lk r{hr|gnkijnkxgak ik|gajckxk! nkik|gajckxk j xobj {|jak g|| bgn|j|g|js b| jbgaj|g|js! r t{n n ksjlkn coxig vbin|{a{j! kp|jnlkxkg tk

oxjvon|ga j skx|jbga! ljxkbjg j nbajngxkg a{j! sgxjgjg nboitonknj {|jaj! k|b.! r c{xnjvkvk |og|k lg|kak nkbkrgxk txojkb|xjj{nkj n|kxtxjnlkxj ijnjkxk.

n boncoxij|g|k b{ txoexgig lk nsin| a{bxgxkg b{txjnlk0 |kik! bgxk xkcakb| c{nlgikn|kak |koxk|jbk j txgb|jbk gakgb|jsj|jj jnejnkxk|j txjsjnl bon|{xgxkg xkvkxskaox jnl{r|xjgak lkr{hr|gnk ijnkxgak {|jak k|b.

H{ng r|tnjxk g r|{lknjaox g gbkr|{j b{xr sg tkxij|kb{nog|kxkg ik|olkaox kcjbjkn|k lk kptaoxgxk j ksga{gxk gvbijn|kaox j a{gxkg lk lkbjvjj txjsjnl kptaog|gxkg xgjonga gvbijn|kaox lk ijnkxk{xj! bxh{nj! ijnkxgak nkik|gajckxk j xobj{|jak.

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\kig 7.

Noj{nj eknkxgak txjsjnl kptaoxgxkg j ksga{gxkg

vbijn|kaoxTagn{a |kikj

7.7. Ohjkb|jskak kptaoxxjj

7.8. Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox. Eknkxgaj|j

7.2. Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox l{t rbot{a a{bxxjaox j exgl{aaox lk gtxoc{nlgxk

7.2.7. Kptaoxgxkg txkajijngx.

7.2.8. Kptaoxgxkg gin{nj| rg{ lk lk|gaj{

7.2.2. Kptaoxgxkg lk txke|jxk j n kp|jnlkxk g vbin|{a{j

Rbot{a |kikj6 r|{ljkxkg txobkrkaox lk bonr|j|{jxk g |jjnkj!kptaoxgxkg j ksga{gxkg vbijn|kaox

7.7. OHJKB\JSKAK KPTAOXXJJ

Kptaoxgxkg b{txjnlk |o|gaj|g|kg a{bxxjaox nkbkrgxk tkn|x{ gbon|{xg xkvkxskak jnl{r|xjgak lk r{hr|gnk ijnkxgak {|jak! tkn|x{ glk|kxijng bgn|j|g|kg j bgaj|g|kg gbkr|oxg! j tkn|x{ g txkbjvgbonljjjak lk kptaog|ghjaj|g|k g vbin|{a{j.

Kptaoxgxkg gxk bg ohjkb|jsk6 R|ghjajxkg xkvkxskaox lk r{hr|gnk ijnkxgak {|jak! g||bgn|j|g|js b| j bgaj|g|js. n gbkr| rbot a{bxxjak ijnjkxk xkrtkb|jskrk sox gitagrg gr|cka nb| r t{n n ksjlkn coxig vbin|{a{j!kp|jnlkxkg tk oxjvon|ga j tk skx|jbga! ljxkbjg j nbajngxkg a{j!sgxjgjjak n bon|jn{j|g|k! sgxjgjg bonjn{|{a{j n boitonknj {|jaj!bgxgb|kx{a xobjaox nbonf{x|ogxk! |kb|onjbg vbin|{a{j!`jlxoekoaoejg! bgxgb|kx{a ijnkxgajvgjkj k|b.=

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R|ghjajxkg lg|kaox txjsjnl {|jajvgxkg vbin|{a{j! nbonljjjak {nkj kptaog|xj xgjongak j kbonoijbk! txkb{i jtorjhjaj|g|kg |xgnrcoxixjj r{hr|gnkj ijnkxgak {|jak n txol{r cjnj|=

) R c{xnjvkvk |og|k lg|kak nkbkrgxk txojkb|xjj {nkj

n|xktxjnlkxj ijnjkxk.

7.8. BAGRJCJBGXKG KPTAOXXJAOX

A{bxxjak lk kptaoxgxk to| cj bagrjcjbg|k l{trbot{a a{bxxjaox j exgl{a lk gtxoc{nlgxk gabkxbk|xjaox! l{t ik|olkak lk a{bx{ j l{t ng|{xg r{h)

r|gnkaox b{|g|k gg b{i rk sklk n |ghka{a 7.7.

Bagrjcjbgxkg a{bxxjaox lk kptaoxgxk \ghka{a 7.7.

Bxj|kxjj lk bagrjcjbgxk Cka{a kptaoxxjaoxL{t rbot{a a{bxxjaox j

Exgl{a lk gtxoc{nlgxk

Kptaoxgxkg txkajijngx

Kptaoxgxkg gin{nj|Kptaoxgxkg lk txke|jxk

L{t ik|olkak lk a{bx{ Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxkKptaoxgxkg txjn coxgfkKptaoxgxkg boihjng|

L{t ng|{xg r{hr|gnkaox{|jak

Kptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox lkijnkxk{xjKptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox lkbxh{nj

Kptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox lkijnkxgak nkik|gajckxk j xobj {|jak

7.2. Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox l{t rbot{aa{bxxjaox lk kptaoxgxk j exgl{a aox lkgtxoc{nlgxk

L{t rbot{a j exgl{a lk gtxoc{nlgxk! kptaoxgxkg rk

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lkrcogx tk {xi|ogxkak k|gtk6 txkajijngx! lk lk|gaj{ j lktxke|jxk.

7.2.7. Kptaoxgxkg txkajijngx

Kr|k txjig k|gt g kptaoxxjj j gxk bg ohjkb|js lkrbjcxgxkg najnjj eknkxgak g coxikj vbin|{a{j j lk|kxijngxkg gtxopjig|jsg xkvkxskaox gbkr|{jg.

Kg bonr| ljn a{bxxj igj t{jn soa{ijnogrk! bgxk rkgitagrkgv tk |og| kp|jnlkxkg vbin|{a{j! {xixjnl rlk|kxijnk b{ gtxopjigjk6

coxig j kp|jnlkxkg vonkj ijnkxgajvg|k= glnbjikg ag bgxk rk erk|k vbin|{a cg lk r{txgcg= bgxgb|kxjr|jbjak ekoik|xjbk gak vbin|{a{j= ng|{xg ijnkxgajvgjkj j sgxjgjg gbkr|kjg tk ljxkbjk j

nbajngxk= bgxgb|kxjr|jbjak xobjaox nbonf{x|ogxk.

Tk hgvg gbkr|ox kakikn|k rk cgbk o ksga{gxk kbonoijb g

vbin|{a{j! a{nl{)rk n bonrjlkxgxk ixjikg lk|kxijng| b{gtxopjigjk g vbin|{a{j! bgaj|g|kg jncoxig|js g r{hr|gnkjijnkxgak {|jak! txol{b|jsj|g|kg vbin|{a{j (bgn|j|g|kg lk xkvkxsktk {nj|g|kg lk soa{i rg{ lk r{txgcg*.

B{ gbkgr| ksga{gxk rk nb`kjk k|gtg kptaoxxjj txkajijngxkj rk n|obik|k txojkb|{a kptaoxxjj lk lk|gaj{.

7.2.8. Kptaoxgxkg gin{nj| rg{ lk lk|gaj{

Kptaoxgxkg gin{nj| gl{bk o txkbjvjk igj igxk nb{nog|kxkg kakikn|kaox! bgxgb|kxjr|jbk gak vbin|{a{j! tk hgvgbxoxg rk r|ghjakrb xkvkxskak bgn|j|g|jsk j bgaj|g|jsk j xktgx|jvgxkggbkr|oxg tk rox|{xj j rkb|ogxk.

Tk hgvg txohkaox boakb|g|k! n kptaoxgxkg gin{nj| rkr|ghjakrb bgxgb|kxjr|jbjak |k`noaoejbk gak vbin|{a{j.

Kptaoxgxkg lk lk|gaj{ nkbkrj| {n soa{i igxk lk a{bxxj!

io|js tkn|x{ bgxk! n bgv{a vbijn|kaox igxj! kak rk to| kpkb{|gj n{igj tk vonk gak vbin|{a{j! gr|cka nb| r grje{xkxkvkxskak nkbkrgxk tkn|x{ nbktkxkg kptaog|xjj.

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n eknkxga! ohjkb|jskak bk rk {xixkrb n kptaoxgxkggin{nj| n{ ljckx lk bkak ljn kptaoxgxkg txkajijngx! nrjnljbjj bk rk {xixkrb |xkh{jk r gjh o txkbjvjk igxk! gr|cka nb|r rk tog| r|ghjaj tk hgvg aox bonljjjak |k`njbo)ijnjkxk lk

kptaog|gxk g vbin|{a{j.7.2.2. Kptaoxgxkg lk txke|jxk j n kp|jnlkxk g

vbin|{a{jn gbkgr| k|gt rk txkbjvkgv g|| lk i{a| bgxgb|kxkak

vbin|{a{j! nb| rji{a|gn b{ kg rk tog|k cgbk j txke|jxkg tkn|x{ kptaog|gxk. Kptaoxgxkg lk txke|jxk gxk xor|{xj ljckxj|k!l{t |jt{a vbin|{a{j j l{t nksojak kptaog|xjj. n {nkak

bgv{xj kr|k o txke|jxk g kptaog|xjj rjr|kig|jbk n vonk nbnkkptaoxg|k! lnl {a|jikak txkbjvxj lkrtxk r|x{b|{xg vbin|{a{j!tkn|x{ g t{|kg nbktk kptaog|gxkg xgjonga g n|xke{a{j vbin|.n ga|k bgv{xj! ag vbijn|kak n kptaog|gxk kg xktxkvjn|kp|jnlkxkg kptaoxxjj n vonkak skbjnk! cjjnl o gsgnegxl gkptaog|xjj j txke|jnl a{bxxjak tkn|x{ kptaog|gxkg txotxj{)vjr.

Gbkgr| r{bbkrj{nk g kptaoxxjj tk k|gtk n{ rk gtajb r|xjb|

n txgb|jb! n |jit{a kptaoxxjj! gbkr|k k|gtk n{ r{n| nk|ljr|jnb|k! kak rk n|xkt|x{nl! rk to| kpkb{|g bonboij|kn|! rg{ {ngljn kak tog|k b`jgx ajtrj! bnl xkv{a|g|kak k|gtkj txkbklkn|k!bonl{b ag bonba{vjj cgsoxghjak cx g igj cj nksojk lk ga|k a{bxxj.

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\kig 8.

Bagrjcjbgxkg kptaoxxjaox l{t ik|olkak lk a{bx{ jng|{xg r{hr|gnkaox ijnkxgak {|jak

Tagn{a |kikj68.7. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk.8.8. Kptaoxgxkg txjn coxgfk.8.2. Kptaoxgxkg boihjng|.

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Kr|k bkg igj coaorj| j bkg igj jnljbg|! n rtkbjga n cgvgkptaoxxjj lk lk|gaj{.

A{bxxjak ijnjkxk j lk coxgf to| cj kpkb{|g|k bonboij|kn| rg{r{bbkrjs.

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vbijn|k ijfaobjj! b{ xkvkxsk kptaog|ghjak n|xk ; j 84 ijajognk|onk j! vbijn|k ijbj! b{ xkvkxsk kptaog|ghjak n|xk 4!3 j ;ijajognk |onk.

L{t bxj|kxj{a r|x{b|{xga rk lkorkhkrb6 vbijn|kr|xg|jcoxik ragh onl{ag|k= vbijn|k b{|g|k j cgajg|k lgx b{r|xg|jcjbgjg hjnk ljr|jnb|= vbijn|k r{h coxi lk boxt{xj rg{akn|jak jn|knr b{|g|k j cgajg|k.

L{t bxj|kxj{a bonr|j|{jkj rk lkorkhkrb vbijn|k{njcoxik! b{ exorjikg j bgaj|g|kg bxh{nka{j cogx|k t{jnsgxjghjak= vbijn|k b{ exorjij j bgaj|j sgxjghjak n ajij|kakkptaog|ghjaj|jj j vbijn|k b{ exorjij j bgaj|j cogx|k

sgxjghjak(nexiljxj! agijnxj* bk lktkrb ajij|kak lk bgaj|g|k. L{t bxj|kxj{a bgaj|jj vbijn|kak rk lkorkhkrb boncoxinbglxxjj bxh{njaox n bagrjcjbxjak jnl{r|xjgak.

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\kig 2.

LKRBXJKXKG IK\OLKAOX LK KPTAOXGXK

Tagn{a |kikj6

2.7. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk.

2.8. gn{xj lk kptaoxgxk.

2.2. T{{xj lk in ({xc{xjak*.2.2.7. Ohjkb|jskak {xixj|k.

2.2.8. Gitagrgxkg t{{xjaox lk in.

2.2.2. Ljiknrjongxkg t{{xjaox lk in.

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n bonljjj gsgn|gfogrk rk kptaoxkgv b{ a{bxxj ijnjkxkvbijn|kak b{ nbajngxk igxk bgxk gcaoxkgv rg{ r{n| rj|{g|k n|x){n xkajkc gbbjlkn|g|! txkb{i j bkak b{ nbajngxk ijb! lgx n{ r{n|rj|{g|k ag glnbjij txkg igxj lk r{txgcg= n txji{a bgv!

gcaoxjikn|kak r{n| bkxbk|g|k txjn gn{xj tk |og| exorjikg aox!l{t bgxk rk bon|jn{ kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj boihjng|k6 egakxjj jt{{xj! n ga lojakg bgv! txjikak a{bxxj sox cj t{{xjak lk kptaoxgxk!l{t bgxk rk bon|jn{ kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj boihjng|k.

2.8. gn{xj lk kptaoxgxkR{n| a{bxxj ijnjkxk rjitak lk kptaoxgxk j {ox lk kpkb{|g|.

Ohjkb|jskak {xixj|k. gn{xjak lk kptaoxgxk rk kpkb{| n

k|gtg kptaoxxjj txkajijngxk bg j n cgvg lk txortkb|gxk! bnlr|xg|{xjak gbotkxj|ogxk g{ exorjij b{txjnrk n|xk 4!; j < i j bnlnbajngxkg vbin|{a{j kr|k igxk. Txjn gn{xj rk {xixk|klkajij|gxkg ajij|kaox vbin|{a{j r{h xobjak gbotkxj|ogxk j gbgxgb|kxjr|jbjaox ekoik|xjbk gak gbkr|{jg (ljxkbjk! nbajngxk!exorjik*.

Gitagrgxkg gn{xjaox lk kptaoxgxk. Tkn|x{ g|jnekxkgrbot{a{j {xixj|! gn{xjak rk gitagrkgv tk |og| vongijnkxgajvg|! l{t gn{ij|k gajnjgikn|k rg{ n xkkg (cje. 2.7.*.Ljr|gng n|xk gn{xj kr|k lk 744 i n bgv{a vbijn|kaox b{exorjik bonr|gn| rg{ b{ sgxjgjj ijbj lk exorjik j lk 74 84 in bgv{a sgxjgjjaox igxj lk exorjik.

Bnl rk {xixkrb gcaoxjikn|kak vbin|{a{j! gn{xjak rktagrkgv tkxtknljb{agx tk ljxkbjg vbin|{a{j (cje. 2.8.*.

Cje. 2.7. Gitagrgxkg gn{xjaox tk vong ijnkxgajvg|g* n tagn= h* rkbj{nk tk ljxkbjg GG.

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Cje. 2.8. gn lk kptaoxgxk gitagrg| tkxtknljb{agx tk ljxkbjg

vbin|{a{j7 ) n exkrjk= 8 ) jr| gxejaor= 2 ) bxh{nk= < igxn= ;

boneaoikxg|k.

Coxig j ljiknrj{njak gn{xjaox lk kptaoxgxk. Gbkr|kglktjnl lk |xjg j exorjikg r|xg|{xjaox gbotkxj|ogxk. Lk ohjbkj g{rkbj{nkg |xgtkvojlga! b{ hgv ijb b{txjnr n|xk 4!; j 4!5 i!jgx ajikg ag e{x n|xk 4!5 j 7!< i.

Glnbjikg gn{xjaox n{ lktk|k 8...< i. Tkr|k 8 iglnbjik! rtgxkg rk cgbk n |xkt|k (cje. 2.2*.

Cje. 2.2. gn n |xkt|k

g* rkbj{nk skx|jbga= h* n tagn.

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gn{xjak |xkh{jk r t|x{nl ag hgv! n xobg sjk! tk oglnbjik lk 4!74.. .4!;4i! t{|nl gskg sg|xg oxjvon|ga rg{ n)bajng| b{ gbkkgj tgn| b{ tagn{a lk rktgxgjk g xobjaox.

Rtgxkg j r{rjnkxkg gn{xjaox lk kptaoxgxk rk cgb ign{ga!n xobjak lk ragh bonrjr|kn! b{i r{n| roa{xjak! ga{sj{njak k|b.! b{bjobgn{a lk ghg|gf rg{ b{ kptaovjsj! n xobjak |gxj j cogx|k |gxj.

Ksgb{gxkg ig|kxjga{a{j kpbgsg| rk cgbk txjn aot|gxkljxkb| rg{ n bgrbgl! b{ gf{|ox{a {nox tol{xj gf{||ogxk.

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Ljn tkxkj rk jg{ txohk tk|xoexgcjbk! jgx lgb gn{a gjn|kxbkt|g| o von ijnkxg`vg| rk boakb|kgv txohk j tkn|x{gngajvk b`jijbk (s. cje. 2.


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tagrkgv b{ ag|{xg a{ne g txocja{a{j tkxtknljb{agx tk ljxkbjgtxkr{t{r g xobjaox g{|o`|onk. Gitagrgxkg aox tk vong bkxbk|g| rkcgbk l{t gajnjgikn|k lk kptaoxgxk rg{ n xkkg.

Cje. 2.3. Tagrgxkg j glnbjikg xkag|js g t{{xjaox lk in.

Cje. 2.5. T{ lk in ) txocjak lk rtgxk 7!3: i8 j 8!84 i86g* cx r{rjnkxk= h* b{ r{rjnkxk.

Ljr|gnkak ljn|xk t{{xjak gbka{jgj gajnjgikn| rg{ ljn|xkgajnjgikn|k lktjnl lk bonljjjak ekoaoejbk aobgak. Lk ohjbkj! aggakekxkg ljr|gnkj rk gxk n sklkxk bg cjkbgxk t{ r |xgskxrkvkr|xg|{a n bgxk r)g otxj| t{{a txkbklkn| (cje. 2.3*.

Txjn bgab{a! ljr|gng rk lk|kxijn b{ xkagjg6

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( *G

A i|e

9 (2.7.*

n bgxk6 G xktxkvjn| glnbjikg ag bgxk gtgxk r|xg|{a xktkx nt{=

) {ne`j{a lk nbajngxk g r|xg|{a{j xktkx.

2.2.2.Ljiknrj{njak t{{xjaox lk inT{{a lk in gxk txocja{a lxkt|{ne`j{agx rg{ t|xg|! bnl rkrgt n xobj |gxj j xkvjr|kn|k. Lg|oxj| glnbjijj xkl{rk ag bgxk rkrgt! t{{a lk in n{ kr|k boitgx|jikn|g|. Lk ag < i nr rkgikngfkgv tol{xj j rk txksklk b{ rbxj tkn|x{ bjxb{agjk.Rkbj{nkg lk rtgxk g t{{a{j kr|k lk 7!3: i8.

n bgv{a b{ |o|{a kpbktjonga! bnl rk lktk|k glnbjikg lk78 i! cx r rk |xkgb nr lk 84 i! rkbj{nkg lk rtgxk kr|k lk8!84 i8! boxkrt{nv|ogxk ljiknrj{njaox 7!8/7!02 i (cje. 2.5*.

Rtgxkg j r{rjnkxkg t{{xjaox lk in rk cgbk b{ {nka|kohjn{j|k6 |xnbot! aotg| j! igj xgx b{ kptaovjs. Ksgb{gxkg tkn|x{ glnbjij ijbj! tn ag 8.. .8!; i! rk cgbk ljxkb| txjnaot|gxk. Lk ag glnbjik igj igxk lk 8!; i! ksgb{gxkg ljn t{ rkcgbk b{ eakg|g rg{ rk gx{nb |xkt|g| tk tol{xj jn|kxikljgxk. Lgblktk|k glnbjikg lk ; i! ig|kxjga{a rk rbog|k b{ gf{|ox{a {n{j

|xoaj{ lk in rg{ bxjsgb. n xobj ioj j cogx|k ioj rk r{rjnk b{bglxk lk akin.

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gtgxkn|k ir{xg|k tk tkxkjj t{{a{j. Lgb r|xg|{xjak r{n|oxjvon|gak! g|{nbj rk tog|k ir{xg ljxkb| n t{ exorjikg noxigag gbkr|oxg. Bnl nr! r|xg|{xjak g{ nbajnxj j exorjij igxj! g|{nbjrk irogx ljxkb| n{igj exorjikg skx|jbga! ljn bgxk rk lk|kxijn

exorjikg oxjvon|ga j noxiga g aox.Bg j n bgv{a gn{xjaox! t{{xjak lk in l{t xjljbgxk!

bgx|gxk j txohgxk rk xgihakjgv! xkb{tkxnl{)rk tgxjga ig|kxjga{aakinor lk r{rjnkxk.

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\kig


23/53

sgxjjnl lk ag bgv ag bgv! b{ rkbj{nkg |o|lkg{ngboitgx|jikn|g|.L{t rkbj{nk! t{{xjak lk kptaoxgxk r{n| lk ohjbkj

lxkt|{ne`j{agxk j n {nkak bgv{xj bjxb{agxk.

T{{xjak lxkt|{ne`j{agxk r{n| bkak igj lkr coaorj|k!lkogxkbk rk kpkb{| igj {ox! grje{x o sj|kv igj igxk lkrtgxk! rk r{rjn igj {ox j r{n| igj t{jn bor|jrj|ogxk.

T{{xjak bjxb{agxk rk coaorkrb n bgv{a a{bxxjaox lkkptaoxgxk! tkn|x{ glnbjij igxj bnl rk {xixk|k coaorjxkg aoxj n cgvg lk kptaog|gxk g vbin|{a{j.

Eghgxj|{a t{{xjaox rk r|ghjak|k jnnl rkgig lk {xi|oxjj

cgb|oxj6 glnbjikg igpji g t{{a{j! ng|{xg xobjaox txjn bgxk rkrgt! {|jagf{a coaorj|! bonljjjak `jlxoekoaoejbk! bgtgbj|g|kg lkkp|xgbjk! bgn|j|g|kg j ljiknrj{njak ig|kxjga{a{j nkbkrgxka{bxxjaox lk kptaoxgxk n bon|jn{gxk! cka{a r{rjnkxjj t{{xjaox!rjr|ki{a lk gkxgf j lk ksgb{gxk g gtkaox! torjhjaj|jak lkcoaorjxk g t{{a{j tkn|x{ sjj|ogxkg kptaog|gxk.


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Cje.


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r{n| ljn |gha vjnbg| b{ ljgik|x{a lk 244....


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\kig ;.Egakxjj lk kptaoxgxk

Tagn{a |kikj6;.7. Eknkxgaj|j.;.8. Ohjkb|jskak {xixj|k txjn egakxjj lk kptaoxgxk.;.2. Gitagrgxkg egakxjjaox lk kptaoxgxk (egakxjj lk bogr|*.;.


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Egakxjjak |xgnrskxrgak rk kpkb{| lk ohjbkj n r|kxja j g{ bgrbot jn|kxrkb|gxkg boxt{xjaox lk ijnkxk{xj. Egakxjjak ljxkbjongakrk kpkb{| lk ohjbkj n vbin| j {xixkrb lkrb`jlkxkg gbkr|{jgtk ljxkbjk (cje. ;.7.*.

Cje. ;.7. Kptaoxgxk txjn egakxjj7 egakxjk |xgnrskxrga= 8 egakxjg ljxkbjonga.

Egakxjjak |xgnrskxrgak rg{ ljxkbjongak bnl r{n| nbkt{|k agvj! togx| lkn{ijxkg lkegakxjj lk bogr|.

Lgb exorjikg vbin|{a{j kr|k igj igxk lkb| rkbj{nkgegakxjkj! g|{nbj egakxjg sg ngjn|g tk ane tkxk|kak bka igj r|ghja!lk ohjbkj n b{ab{{a vbin|{a{j.

n bgv{a bnl vbin|{a kr|k nkxke{ag|! rg{ gxk jncja|xgjjt{|kxnjbk lk gt! egakxjg ljxkbjonga rk sg kpkb{|g ag o ogxkbgxkljr|gn lk vbin|! tk bgxk a sg |xgskxrg ljn aob n aob (74...8;i* txjn egakxjj |xgnrskxrgak rb{x|k (njk*.

Tkn|x{ bkxbk|gxkg n glnbjik g vbin|{a{j! bnl gbkr|g n{

igj tog|k cj lkrb`jr ag njskakak xkrtkb|jsk txjn egakxjj lk bogr|! rkrgt {n t{ oxh lk kptaoxgxk! ljn bgxk rk bon|jn{ kptaoxgxkg txjnegakxjj |xgnrskxrgak j ljxkbjongak (cje. ;.8.*.

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Cje. ;.8. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk boihjng|k6V vbin|= 7 egakxjk lk bogr|= 8 ljxkbjonga tk b{ab{= 2 ljxkjongatk gbotkxj= < ) bohox|ox= ; r{j|ox= 3 t{ oxh= 5 bgikxg igjnjj lkkp|xgbjk=0 xgit rjita= : xgit l{ha= 74 egakxjk lk oboa= 77 ljxkbjonga nb{ab{= 78 |xgnrskxrga txjnbjtga= 72 foit= 7< `gal.

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Cje. ;.2. Egakxjj lk kptaoxgxk b{ txocja |xgtkvojlga6g * cx r{rjnkxk (rkbj{nk lk rtgxk 2!8< i8*= h* r{rjn{| b{bglxk lk akin (rkbj{nkg lk rtgxk ;!

L{t ng|{xg coxigj{njaox ekoaoejbk n bgxk rk rgt!egakxjjak to| cj r{rjn{|k j nkr{rjn{|k. Bnl egakxjjak r{n|r{rjn{|k rkbj{njak lk igj r{r xin nkrb`jihg|k! kakxktxkvkn|nl rkbj{nkg {|ja g egakxjjaox.

;.;. Rtgxkg j r{rjnkxkg egakxjjaox lk kptaoxgxk

Rtgxkg egakxjjaox rk cgbk txjn ik|olk ohjn{j|k! bnl xobjakr{n| r|ghjak j n{ kpjr| o gca{kn txkg igxk lk gt! j txjnik|olk rtkbjgak! n bgv{a xobjaox nkr|ghjak! raghk j b{ gca{kn

8:


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igxk lk gt.R{rjnkxkg rk cgbk b{ akin! jgx n bgv{a txkrj{njaox igxj j

bnl egakxjjak g{ l{xg| igj igxk lk kpjr|kn rk to| coaorj tkn|x{r{rjnkxkg vjlxjj! txkcghxjbg|k lk hk|on! r{rjnkxj ik|gajbk rg{ o

boihjngjk g aox.n jn|kxjox{a egakxjkj rk ion|kgv bgakg ckxg|! bonl{b|kak lk

gkxgf j lk gkx boitxjig| j bgha{xjak lk gajikn|gxk b{ knkxejkkakb|xjb.

;.3. Bgx|gxkg ekoaoejb j a{gxkg txohkaoxTk ir{xg n bgxk rk rgt egakxjjak lk kptaoxgxk! rk cgbk

xjljbgxkg |otoexgcjb g aox j |xkbkxkg tk tagn. ngjn|k lk

r{rjnkxkg lkcjnj|js rk cgbk bgx|gxkg! {xixjnl{)rk sgxjgjjakaj|oaoejbk! vonkak lk ga|kxgjk! bon|gb|kak ljn|xk coxigj{nj j rkirogx ljxkbjg! nbajngxkg j exorjikg r|xg|{xjaox j g cjaognkaox.

n tgxgaka b{ bgx|gxkg rk boakb|kgv txohk tk|xoexgcjbk jb`jijbk! l{t ng|{xg coxigj{njaox j |k`njbg a{xjj txohkaoxr|ghjaj| n txkgaghja.

Cje. ;.


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Cje. ;.;. Tagn{a {nkj egakxjj.

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\kig 3.

Tagnk nbajng|k. R{j|oxj j bohox|oxj

Tagn{a |kikj63.7. Tagnk nbajng|k. Eknkxgaj|j.3.7.7. Gitagrgxkg tagnkaox nbajng|k.3.7.8. Coxig j ljiknrj{njak tagnkaox nbajng|k lk kptaoxgxk.3.7.2. Rtgxkg tagnkaox nbajng|k.3.7.


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nbajng|k |xgtkvojlga rg{ lxkt|{ne`j{agx b{ lo{ boitgx|jikn|k!{n{a tkn|x{ |xgnrtox| j bkaaga| tkn|x{ bjxb{agjk. A{nejikgtagnkaox nbajng|k rk irogx tk nbajngxk j kr|k b{txjnr n|xk 24j 744 i.

3.7.2. Rtgxkg tagnkaox nbajng|kRtgxkg tagnkaox nbajng|k kr|k lk|kxijng| n rtkbjga lk

jncja|xgjjak lk gt.Kptaoxgxkg nbkt{| txjn tagnk nbajng|k rk boihjn b{

egakxjj ljxkbjongak rtg|k ljn tagn{a nbajng|.\o|lkg{ng bnl vbin|{a txkvjn| bonljjj cgsoxghjak

tkn|x{ kptaog|gxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk! rk kpgijnkgv n

txkgaghja lgb r{hr|gng ijnkxga {|ja kr|k igj ragh rg{ igj|gxk lkb| xobjak nbonf{x|ogxk. Bnl vbin|{a kr|k igjragh rk xkboignl tagn{a nbajng|! lkogxkbk kr|k igjkbonoijb! jgx n bgv bon|xgx! bnl vbin|{a kr|k igj |gxk!ag gbkakgj bonljjj lk vbin| kr|k txkckxghja t{{a skx|jbga.

3.7.< Bgx|gxkg ekoaoejb j txohgxkgBgx|gxkg j txohgxkg coxigj{njaox ljn tagnkak nbajng|k lk

kptaoxgxk rk cgb ag cka bg j n t{{xj j egakxjj. 3.8. R{j|oxj j bohox|oxjL{t r|xt{nekxkg {n{j vbin| txjn egakxjj |xgnrskxrgak

rg{ t{{xj j l{t. {xixjxkg a{j txjn egakxjj ljxkbjongak!gbkr|g |xkh{jk bkxbk|g| tk nbajngxk b{ gf{|ox{a {nox a{bxxjijnjkxk nbajng|k! b{ rkbj{nkg igj ijb lkb| g t{{xjaox!n{ij|k! r{j|oxj.

Txjn r{j|oxj rk bkxbk|kgv bon|jn{j|g|kg tk nbajngxk gvbin|{a{j! sgxjgjjak ijnkxgajvgjkj tk nbajngxk! rk r|ghjak|kvong ot|ji lk ijnkxgajvgjk j vbin|{a kr|k boitgx|jikn|g|n tgno{xj n sklkxkg lk|kxijnxjj xkvkxskaox lk bg|keoxjjr{tkxjogxk (cje. 3.7*.

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Cje. 3.7. itxjxkg vbin|{a{j txjn r{j|ox n tgno{xj6L egakxjj ljxkbjongak= R 7 ! R8 r{j|oxj.

n gcgx lk xoa{a tk bgxk)7 g{ r{j|oxjak n bon|{xgxkg jlk|kxijngxkg bgaj|g|js g vbin|{a{j! kak grje{x gkxgf{a nr{h|kxgn! cbnl torjhja r|ghjajxkg {n{j bjxb{j| lk gkx bgxk rgkxjrkgrb cxon|{xjak lk a{bx{.

3.8.7. Rtgxkg r{j|oxjaox lk kptaoxgxkR{j|oxjak rk rgt lk xke{a n b{ab{{a vbin|{a{j.

Tkn|x{ vbin|{a nbajng|! r{j|ox{a rk rgt tk nbajngxk! ag

ajij|g ljn|xk vbin| j xobg nbonf{x|ogxk! lgx |o| nb{ab{.Ljr|gng ljn|xk r{j|oxj sgxjgv lk ag vbin| ag vbin|!

lktjnvnl lk exgl{a kptaoxxjj bgxk rk kpkb{|. Ag cjpgxkgljr|gnkj kr|k nkbkrgx r rk jn rkgig j lk sjj|ogxkgkptaog|gxk! cjjnlb r{j|oxjak lk kptaoxgxk to| cj coaorj|k nkptaog|gxk.

Bnl rk {xixk|k kptaoxgxkg gin{nj|! r{j|oxjak rk

rgt ag jn|kxsgak ljn ;4 n ;4 i! ljr|gn bonrjlkxg|boxkrt{nv|ogxk ljn t{nb| lk sklkxk |k`njb j ekoaoejb! jgx agvbijn|k lk ljiknrj{nj igxj! ljr|gng tog|k cj lk 744 i.

3.8.8. Coxig j ljiknrj{njak r{j|oxjaox lk kptaoxgxkAg gakekxkg txocja{a{j r{j|oxjaox rk jnk rkgig lk

bgxgb|kxjr|jbjak vbin|{a{j! lk ng|{xg xobjaox j lk rbot{a{xixj|. \o|lkg{ng r{j|oxjak lk kptaoxgxk g{ lo{

boitgx|jikn|k! nakrnjnl rtgxkg j ixjnl rkb{xj|g|kgi{nbjj! g|| n |jit{a kpkb{|xjj b| j {a|kxjox (cje. 3.8.*.

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Bnl r{j|oxjak lk kptaoxgxk sox rkxsj j sjj|ogxkjkptaog|xj! rk to| txksklkg |xkj boitgx|jikn|k. Bg j a{bxxjakoxjvon|gak! r{j|oxjak to| cj r{rjn{|k rg{ nkr{rjn{|k (s. cje. 3.8.*.

Cje. 3.8. R{j|oxj6g* cx r{rjnkxk (rkbj{nk lk rtgxk 2!55 i8*= h* r{rjn{| b{ bglxk lkakin.

Kak g{ txocja lk coxi lxkt|{ne`j{agx! g bx{j ixjik! l{tbonljjjak lk a{bx{ j rbot{a {xixj|! tog|k cj lk 8!0 i8= 2!55 i8 j

3.8.2. Bgx|gxkg ekoaoejb j txohgxkgBgx|gxkg ekoaoejb g r{j|oxjaox rk cgbk l{t gbkakgj noxik

bg j ag bkakaga|k a{bxxj ijnjkxk (cje. 3.2.*. Bonboij|kn| b{ rtgxkgr{j|oxjaox rk jg{ txohk rjr|kig|jbk tkn|x{ gngajvkak ijnkxgaoejbkj b`jijbk.

Cje.3.2. Xktxkvkn|gxkg lg|kaox ekoaoejbk ljn|x){n r{j|ox67 ) gnlkvjk= 8 ) jr|{xj gxejaogrk= 2 cjaon toajik|gajb.

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\kig 5.

Kptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox lk r{hr|gnk ijnkxgak {|jak txjncoxgfk.

Tagn{a |kikj6

5.7. Eknkxgaj|j.

5.8. Gsgn|gfkak coxgfkaox n boitgxgjk b{ a{bxxjak ijnjkxk.

5.2. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj boihjng|k (a{bxxj ijnjkxk jcoxgfk*.

Rbot{a |kikj6 b{no|jnk eknkxgak lkrtxk txobkrkak lkkptaoxgxk g vbijn|kaox txjn cgxgxk j a{bxxj boihjng|k a{bxxjijnjkxk j cgxgfk.

5.7. Eknkxgaj|j

n gnrgiha{a a{bxxjaox lk kptaoxgxk g vbijn|kaox lkr{hr|gnk ijnkxgak {|jak! {n aob ljn bk n bk igj jitox|gn| a

ob{t a{bxxjak lk coxgf.Coxgf{a! coaorj| n |xkb{| n rtkbjga tkn|x{ kptaoxgxkg j

kptaog|gxkg vbijn|kaox lk jkj j egvk! lg|oxj| gsgn|gfkaox tkbgxk ak txkvjn| cg lk ga|k bg|keoxjj lk a{bxxj rk coaork|k gr|vjtk rbgx |o| igj igxk n kptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox lk r{hr|gnkijnkxgak {|jak.

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5.8. Gsgn|gfkak coxgfkaox n boitgxgjk b{ a{bxxjakijnjkxk

n boitgxgjk b{ a{bxxjak ijnjkxk! coxgfkak txkvjn| o rkxjklk gsgn|gfk. Txk{a lk bor| ga {n{j ik|x{ ajnjgx lk ronl kr|k i{a|igj ijb lkb| txk{a lk bor| ga {n{j ik|x{ lk a{bxgxk ijnjkx! jgxsj|kvg lk rtgxk kr|k i{a| igj igxk. n gcgx lk gbkgr|g! r{n|gn{ij|k rj|{gjj n bgxk vbin|{a n{ tog|k cj kptaoxg| lkb|kpba{rjs txjn coxgfk! b{i kr|k bgv{a vbijn|kaox lk r{hr|gnkijnkxgak ca{jlk! ga vbijn|kaox rj|{g|k tk c{nl{a ixjaox! tkn|x{skxjcjbgxkg {nox gnoigajj nxkejr|xg|k txjn ik|olk ekocjvjbk! bnlvbin|{a rk erk|k ag o igxk glnbjik rg{ bnl xkajkc{a n{ kr|k

boxkrt{nv|ox ga|ox ekn{xj lk a{bxxj lk kptaoxgxk.B{ |og|k gsgn|gfkak tk bgxk ak txkvjn| coxgf{a lk kptaoxgxk!ag gakekxkg ik|olkj lk kptaoxgxk! txkb{i j ag r|ghjajxkgsoa{i{a{j a{bxxjaox lk coxgf! |xkh{jk r rk jn rkgig lk bonljjjakrtkbjcjbk cjkbx{j vbin|.

n eknkxga! ag gakekxkg a{bxxjaox lk coxgf |xkh{jk r rkkpgijnkvk b{ g|knjk cgb|oxjj lk hgv6

) tovjjg vbin|{a{j n rbogx=) coxig vbin|{a{j j tgx|jb{agxj|jak rgak |kb|onjbk=) gitaogxkg vbin|{a{j! lgb kr|k soxhg lk {n vbin|

igxk! ijfaobj{ rg{ ijb=) bgxgb|kx{a xktgx|jjkj ijnkxgakaox {|jak j g bkaox l{n|ogxk

n boxt{xjak ijnkxgajvg|k.Ljn t{nb| lk sklkxk ga tovjjkj vbin|{a{j! coxgfkak rk

jit{n lk ag txjig sklkxk! n bgv{a vbijn|kaox b{ lkvsoa|gxkcogx|k igxk j bonjn{| {njcoxi! rj|{g|k ag glnbjik igxk. Agkptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox ik|gajckxk! bgxk n igfoxj|g|kg bgv{xjaoxrk ljr|jne txjn xktgx|jjg nk{njcoxi g bonjn{|{a{j lk boitonknj{|jaj! coaorjxkg n{igj g a{bxxjaox lk coxgf gx l{bk ag b`ka|{jkajcogx|k igxj! lg|oxj| n{ix{a{j igxk lk coxgfk bk gx |xkh{jkpkb{|g|k tkn|x{ g r|ghjaj b| igj xkga bgn|j|g|kg lk ijnkxk{xj jsgxjgjg boitonknjaox {|jaj. Coaorjxkg n grkiknkg bgv{xj n{igj g

coxgf{a{j! n gcgx lk b`ka|{jkajak igxj! lg|oxj| soa{i{a{j igxk lka{bxxj! n{ kr|k jnljbg| njbj r{h grtkb|{a txkbjvjkj xkv{a|g|kaox.Xkv{a| lkbj! b r{n| bgv{xj bnl kptaoxgxkg kr|k! igj jnljbg| r

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rk cgb txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk! b{i r{n| vbijn|kak lk coxiboitajbg|! b{ kp|jnlkxk xkag|js xkl{r j b{ bonjn{| cogx|ksgxjghja n boitonknj {|jaj j! ljito|xjs! kpjr| j rj|{gjj bnl rkxkboignl kptaoxgxkg kpba{rjs txjn coxgfk! b{i r{n| vbijn|kak

lk igxk gitaogxk! b{ bonjn{| {njcoxi! rj|{g|k ag glnbjij igxj nrbogx. n igfoxj|g|kg bgv{xjaox kr|k nkbkrgx r rk coaorkgrbkptaoxgxkg boihjng|! txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk j txjn coxgfk.

Ik|olg boihjng| kr|k bkg igj xgjonga tkn|x{ igfoxj|g|kgvbijn|kaox! txktonlkxkng {noxg rg{ g ga|oxg ljn|xk bg|keoxjjaklk a{bxxj ijnjkxk rg{ coxgfk cjjnl n c{nbjk lk bonljjjakcjkbx{j vbin| n tgx|k.

Ag r|ghjajxkg soa{i{a{j a{bxxjaox lk coxgf igj |xkh{jk r rkjn rkgig lk bonljjjak |k`njbk lk coxgxk! bgxk! lk grkiknkgtxkvjn| o sgxjgjk cogx|k igxk lk ag vbin| ag vbin|. n|kxkn{xj n bgxk n{ rk tog|k xkgajvg kp|xgekxkg {nox txohk lk xobtkn|x{ b{nog|kxkg j gngajvgxkg xobjj rg{ g coxigj{njj ekoaoejbk|xgskxrg|k! kptaoxgxkg txjn coxgfk n{ kr|k jnljbg|. Lk grkiknkg! n|kxkn{xj |kb|onjvg|k! n bgxk kpjr| n tkxignkn tkxjboa{a lklksjkxk g e{xjj lk ronl! j lk gbbjlkn|k |k`njbk (nktknjxj!tjkxlkxj lk bjxb{agjk k|b*! gakekxkg rjr|ki{a{j lk a{bx{ txjn coxgfk|xkh{jk cb{| b{ i{a| exjf.

[xixjxkg jnljbjaox |k`njbj lk coxgf! b| j ga|k lg|kekoaoejbk rk erkrb n cjg ekoaoejbo)|k`njb bk rk n|obik|ktkn|x{ cjkbgxk aobgjk lk coxgf.

n cj rk rtkbjcjb6 rbot{a j cka{a coxgf{a{j! glnbjikgtxojkb|g|! |jt{a gexkeg|{a{j lk coxgf j ga ig|kxjga{a{j |{h{agx!

lg|g nbktkxjj coxgf{a{j j lg|g |kxijnxjj a{j.Tkn|x{ ksjlknjkxkg lg|kaox ekoaoejbk j |k`njbk! cjg

b{txjnlk lo{ txj 6 n txjig tgx|k rk bonrkinkgv boaogngr|xg|jexgcjb! |xjg xobjaox! kskn|{gakak txksklkxj lk lkxgnfgikn|k|kb|onjbk! txobklk{a lk xkb{tkxgf ga txohkaox j ga|k lg|k! jgx ntgx|kg g lo{g r{n| bonrking|k lg|kak b{ txjsjxk ag xkeji{a lkcoxgf! |jt{a lk bgxo|jkx! bgxgb|kxjr|jbjak noxoj{a{j k|b.

Iol{a lk rtgxk. L{t iol{a lk rtgxk! coxgf{a tog|k cjtkxb{|gn|! bnl rcxigxkg xobjj kr|k txosobg| lk aosj|{xjak rgtkjbk gxk o ijbgxk xkb|jajnjk ga|kxng|js! j xo|g|js! bnl rcxigxkg

20


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tk |gatg e{xjj lk ronl kr|k txosobg| lk {nkga|g |jk|ogxk rgt rg{ bgxo|jkx bgxk rk xo|k|k bon|jn{{! cjjnl r{t{r ngbkagj |jit {n{j kcox| gpjga.

n coxgf{a tkxb{|gn|! ljraobgxkg xobjj rk cgbk tk |og|

rkbj{nkg e{xjj lk ronl! n |jit bk ag rjr|ki{a xo|g|js lk coxgf!l{t rbot{a {xixj|! coxgxkg rk tog|k cgbk tk n|xkgeg rkbj{nk ge{xjj lk ronl rg{ n{igj tk {n rtgj{ jnkagx. Gr|cka! ag coxgfkakbgxk rk kpkb{| tkn|x{ kptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox lk jkj j egvk! grxjj k|b! coxgxkg rk kckb|{kgv tk |og| rkbj{nkg! tk bnl ag co)xgfkak lk kptaoxgxk! ga bxox rbot kr|k b{nog|kxkg b| igjlk|gajg| g coxigj{njaox txjn bgxk rk rgt! coxgxkg rk kpkb{| tk o

rkbj{nk jnkagx coaorjnl cxkvkak rg{ boxognkak. B{ gf{|ox{agbkr|oxg rk coxkgv tk rkbj{nk jnkagx! arnl n jn|kxjox{a {noxljrtovj|jsk rtkbjgak n{ij|k bgxo|jkxk {n rih{xk ljn xob ncoxi bjajnlxjb n{ij| bgxo|.

Ronlkvkak ikbgnjbk xo|g|jsk. n coxgf{a lk kptaoxgxk! rbot{a{xixj| cjjnl kp|xgekxkg txohkaox ljn coxigj{njak r|xh|{|k! rk{|jajvkgv bka igj cxkbskn| ronlkvkak ikbgnjbk xo|g|jsk. Ojnr|gagjk ikbgnjb lk coxgf b{ ronlkvk bonr| ljn 6 |{xa rg{|xktjkl! |xoaj{ lk gbjongxk! toitg lk noxoj! tkn|x{ rtagxkg jksgb{gxkg lk|xj|{r{a{j lk tk |gatg e{xjj lk ronl! j egxnj|{xg lkcoxgf coxig| ljn txfjnjak lk coxgf j {nkga|g lk coxg|.

Bgxo|jkxkak! lk bgxk r)g gijn|j| igj r{r! bonr|g{ ljn|x){n|{h! n{ij| |{h{a bgxo|jkx j bgt{a lk bgxo|jkx! cxkvg rg{ boxogng!bgxk kr|k {nkga|g lk coxg| txotxj{)vjr. Akegxkg boxognkj ag |{h{abgxo|jkx rk cgbk txjn jn|kxiklj{a {n{j njta{. \{h{a bgxo|jkx

txksv{| b{ boxogn! rk akge lk boaogng lk txfjnj |o| txjn|x){nnjta{ lk ake|{x. Bgxo|jkxkak to| cj rjitak rg{ l{hak.

Boxogng rg{ bgt{a lk bgxo|jkx kpkb{| |jkxkg xobjj! txjn{xigxk kr|k tjkrg bkg igj .kpt{r {v{xjj. Bg o bonrkbjn ggbkr|{j cgt|! boxogng kr|k lk|gghja! t{|nl cj naob{j|. Lkohjbkj! boxognkak rk gxikgv b{ ljskxrk ig|kxjgak lk {v{x (gajgfkl{xk rg{ ljgign|k*! n{ij|k j ig|kxjgak ghxgvjsk! n c{nbjk lk

bkxjnkak coxgf{a{j j lk txotxjk|jak xobjaox n bgxk rk coxkgv.Boxogng kr|k txksv{| ag bgt|{a lk r{r b{ {n cjak|! tkn|x{ g rk

2:


40/53

t{|kg n{x{hg ag |{h{a bgxo|jkxkj jgx ag bgt|{a lk for kr|k nk|klrg{ txksv{| b{ ljnj! tkn|x{ g rk t{|kg cjpg gxi|{xg xkrtkb|js.

L{t ng|{xg xobjaox n bgxk rk coxkgv j l{t rjr|ki{a lkcoxgf coaorj| rk ljr|jne6 boxognk ljng|k!boxognk tkn|x{ coxgf{a b{

gajbk! boxognk gxig|k b{ gajgfk l{xk j bkak b{ ljgign|k (cje. 5.7.*.

Cje. 5.7. Boxognk lk bgxo|jkxk6

g* nkgxig|= h* ljng| nkgxig|= b! l! k! j c gxig|k b{ gajgfk l{xk= e b{ gajbk= ` b{ ljgign|k.

L{t glnbjikg ag bgxk rk coxkgv! rk coaorkrb ljckxj|k |jt{xjlk ronlkvk. n Xoinjg rk {|jajvkgv ronlkvk ikbgnjbk lkbonr|x{bjk rosjk|jb |jt VJC)7844 j lk cghxjbgjk jnljekn |jt RE.

5.2. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj boihjng|k (a{bxxj ijnjkxk jcoxgfk*

Lk bkak igj i{a|k oxj! bonljjjak lk vbin| n{ to| cjlk|kxijng|k boitak| n{igj txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk rg{ n{igj txjn


41/53

coxgfk j g|{nbj kr|k nksojk r rk coaorkgrb kptaoxgxkg ijp|! txjnboihjngxkg a{bxxjaox ijnjkxk b{ bkak lk coxgf.

n gn{ij|k rj|{gjj! b{i kr|k bgv{a vbijn|kaox rj|{g|k n|kxkn gbbjlkn|g| rg{ bgxk gcaoxkgv! kptaoxgxkg rk nbktk b{ a{bxxj

ijnjkxk j gtoj rk bon|jn{ b{ a{bxxj lk coxgf. n ga|k bgv{xj!a{bxxjak ijnjkxk rk kpkb{| l{t bk vgbin|{a g cor| jn|kxbkt|g|b{ a{bxxj lk coxgf! rj|{gjj tk bgxk ak ockx vbijn|kak rj|{g|k agglnbji igxj lk r{txgcg! rg{ to| r rk kpkb{|k bonboij|kn|g|{nbj bnl o tgx|k ljn vbin|! tgx|kg r{tkxjogx g gbkr|{jg! kr|kigj gbbkrjhja txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk rg{ n cgvg kptaoxxjj nkp|jnlkxk.

R{h grtkb|{a oxegnjvxjj kpkb{jkj! a{bxxjak rk to| cgbk6rji{a|gn (rg{ tgxgaka*! bnl vbin|{a kr|k g|gbg|! g|| txjna{bxxj ijnjkxk b| j txjn coxgfk= r{bbkrjs bnl coxgf{a rk kpkb{|tk hgvg xkv{a|g|kaox ohjn{|k n txkgaghja lk a{bxxjak ijnjkxk lkkptaoxgxk rg{ jnskxr j tgxgaka r{bbkrjs! bgxk xktxkvjn|txobklk{a bka igj cxkbskn| coaorj|.

Lkbj! l{t bonljjjak n bgxk gtgxk aobgajvg| vbin|{a n

rbogx! rk to| lkorkhj bg sgxjgn|k lk boihjngxk g a{bxxjaoxijnjkxk j g coxgfkaox {xi|ogxkak6

)Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk bon|jn{g|k txjn coxgfk.Gbkgr| sgxjgn| rk gtajb n bgv{a bnl vbin|{a kr|k n|x){n|kxkn gbbjlkn|g| j gxk bon|jn{j|g|k n glnbjik. Toxj{nkg ljnvbin| lk r{txgcg rk lkrb`jlk txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk! egakxjj lkbogr| rg{ t{{xj! jgx n glnbjik rk kptaoxkgv txjn coxgfk

gitagrg|k ag r{txgcg rg{ n r{h|kxgn ljn|x)o a{bxgxk ijnjkx (cje.5.8.*=)Kptaoxgxkg txjn coxgfk bon|jn{g|k txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk.

Grkiknkg rj|{gjj gtgx ag kptaoxgxkg vbijn|kaox oxjvon|gak rg{b{ nbajngxk ijb! rj|{g|k ag glnbjik. Txjikak jnljbgjj n gr|ckalk bgv{xj rk ohjn txjn a{bxxj lk coxgf bgxk gtoj rk boncjxi j rklk|gajgv txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk=

)Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk j coxgfk kpkb{|g|kbonboij|kn| rk gtajb n bgv{a bnl bonljjjak lk |kxkn tkxij|


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gitagrgxkg ag r{txgcg g|| g a{bxxjaox lk coxgf b| j g bkaoxijnjkxk (cje. 5.2.*.

Cje. 5.8. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk bgxk txkbkl coxgfkak.

Cje.5.2. Kptaoxgxkg txjn a{bxxj ijnjkxk j coxgfk kpkb{|g|k bonboij|kn|.


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\kig 0.

Bagrjcjbgxkg j lkcjnjxkg xkvkxskaox lk r{hr|gnk ijnkxgak{|jak

Tagn{a |kikj6

0.7.Eknkxgaj|j.Xkvkxs ekoaoejb.0.8. Xkvkxsk lk hjagn.

0.2. Xkvkxsk n gcgx lk hjagn.0.


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lg|oxj| bonjn{|{a{j rbv{| n boitonknj {|jaj! bonjn{| xjljbg| nboitonknj l{n|oxj! bonljjj ekoaoejbk ljcjbjak! exorjikxkl{r! lgx bgxk n sjj|ox tog|k bonr|j|{j {n ohjkb| lk kptaog|gxk.

n gbkgr| ex{t jn|x j xkvkxskak ljn tjajkxjj tkn|x{

bonr|x{bjj lk r{txgcg! tjajkxjj orkakaox! B.C. j x{xjaox k|b.Xkvkxskak lk hjagn rk itgx|! ag xnl{a aox! n xkvkxsk

kptaog|ghjak j xkvkxsk nkkptaog|ghjak.0.


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n bgxk6 k xktxkvjn| bokcjbjkn|{a lk kptaog|gxk (kp|xgekxk*bgab{ag| b{ coxi{ag

7 !7449

k{nlk xktxkvjn| bokcjbjkn|{a lk tjkxlkxj |o|gak lk kptaog|gxk!

n + j kega b{ 744!8

9 X jgx Xtkp ) kr|k xkvkxsg tjkxl{| txjn kptaog|gxk.

Tjkxlkxjak lk kptaog|gxk lktjnl lk ik|olg lk kptaog|gxkgtajbg|! lk iol{a lk kp|xgekxk j lk ijfaogbkak |k`njbk b{ bgxk rkxkgajvkgv txjnbjtgakak otkxgjj ljn txobkr{a |k`noaoejb lkkptaog|gxk.

Lg|oxj| cgt|{a{j b n txobkr{a lk kptaog|gxk n igrg lkr{hr|gn ijnkxga {|ja rk glg{e n iol jnksj|ghja o gn{ij|bgn|j|g|k lk xob r|kxja! xkvkxskak kp|xgrk kckb|js txjn kptaog|gxk!gljb gbkakg bgxk sox gajikn|g {vjng lk txktgxgxk! rk to| bgab{ag

b{ xkagjg 6Xkc9 (Xt Ktkp*(a - * ]|Y (0.2.*

rg{6Xkc9 Xj (7 - * ]|Y!. (0.


46/53

Xkvkxskak ljn bg|keoxjg G r{n| a{g|k bg hgv ag n|obijxkgtagnjcjbxjj jnl{r|xjgak g a{bxxjaox lk kptaog|gxk.

0.5. Bg|keoxjg HBg|keoxjg H b{txjnlk xkvkxskak lk|kxijng|k lkr|{a lk

txkbjr txjn a{bxxj lk kptaoxgxk nr bgxk igj |xkh{jk boitak|g|k.Bgaj|g|kg xkvkxskaox ljn bg|keoxjg H rk lk|kxijn tk hgvggngajvkaox b`jijbk j ijnkxgaoejbk! jgx |k`noaoejg lk txktgxgxktxjn r|{ljj lk aghoxg|ox.

0.0. Bg|keoxjg BBg|keoxjg B b{txjnlk xkvkxskak g bxox bon|{xgxk kr|k igj

t{jn txkbjr! jgx bgaj|g|kg r{hr|gnkj ijnkxgak {|jak kr|k

lk|kxijng| tk hgv lk txohk jvoag|k rg{ txjn gngaoejk b{r{hr|gnk ijnkxgak rjijagxk ljn vbijn|k b{norb{|k.

\k`noaoejg txka{bxxjj rk lk|kxijn! lk ohjbkj! txjnboitgxgjk b{ |k`noaoejg r{hr|gnkaox ijnkxgak rjijagxk.

Xgtox|gxkg xkvkxskaox ag r{hljsjvj{nkg B7 nkbkrj| gngajv{n{j n{ix ogxkbgxk lk txohk ljn vbin|.

R{hljsjvj{nkg B8 b{txjnlk xkvkxsk bgxk g{ cor| kr|jig|kbgn|j|g|js j bgaj|g|js n{igj tk bonrjlkxgjj ekoaoejbk eknkxgak!cx a{bxxj lk kptaoxgxk


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\kig :.

Ik|olkak lk bgab{a gak xkvkxskaox

Tagn{a |kikj6

:.7. Eknkxgaj|j.

:.8. Ik|olg ikljkj gxj|ik|jbk.:.2. Ik|olg haob{xjaox ekoaoejbk.

:.


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Cje. :.7. Bgab{a{a xkvkxskaox l{t ik|olg ikljkj gxj|ik|jbk6

I7! I8 exorjikg boxt{a{j lk ijnkxk{ n ljckxj|k t{nb|k.

B{ |og|k rjitaj|g|kg kj! ik|olg l xkv{a|g|k lkr|{a lk kpgb|kn xgtox| b{ bkakaga|k! lk gbkkg kr|k agxe gtajbg| g|| tkn|x{vbijn|k b| j tkn|x{ bkak igj boitajbg|k.

:.2. Ik|olg a{bxxjaox ekoaoejbk

Ik|olg a{bxxjaox ekoaoejbk bonr| ljn itxjxkgvbin|{a{j n haob{xj ekoaoejbk l{t bgaj|g|kg r{hr|gnkjijnkxgak {|jak j l{t exgl{a lk kptaoxgxk (cje. :.8.*.

Cje. :.8. Bgab{a{a xkvkxskaox l{t ik|olg haob{xjaox ekoaoejbk.

Gbkgr| ik|ol l xkv{a|g|k n{igj g|{nbj bnl kpjr| {nigxk n{ix lk a{bxxj lk kptaoxgxk. Bgab{a{a bonr| n


49/53

lk|kxijngxkg xkvkxskj tk cjkbgxk haob j gtoj n nr{igxkggbkr|oxg. Ik|olg txkvjn| gsgn|gf{a bk l torjhjaj|g|kg bgab{a{jxkvkxskaox tk rox|{xj.

:.


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r{txgcg g vbin|{a{j n toajeognk rk ohjn txjrik! bgxk g{najikg kega b{ exorjikg vbin|{a{j ir{xg| n a{bxgxkg ljnbkn|x{a toajeon{a{j. Rk bgab{akgv xkvkxskak tkn|x{ cjkbgxk txjribgxk gtoj rk nr{ikgr j gr|cka rk ohjnk xkvkxsg |o|ga g

vbin|{a{j.:.3. Ik|olg txocjakaox

Ik|olg txocjakaox kr|k b{norb{| j r{h lkn{ijxkg lkik|olg rkbj{njaox tgxgakak. Rk gtajb ag vbijn|kak kptaoxg|ktxjn ajnjj lk kptaoxgxk oxjvon|gak rg{ skx|jbgak. Tk cjkbgxk ajnjk lkkptaoxgxk rk n|obik|k txocja{a ekoaoejb txjn vbin|!itxjnl{)a n haob{xj. Ljr|gng ljn|xk txocja{xj boxkrt{nlk lkbj

b{ ljr|gng ljn|xk ajnjjak lk kptaoxgxk.

;4


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Hjhajoexgcjg67.Gxon Totg. Txortkbj{nj j kprtaoxxj ijnjkxk. H{b{xk|j) 7:53.

8.Gxon Totg! Jajk Xo|{nfkgn{!Sjb|ox Gxgl!Jon Ec)Lkgb.

Kptaog|xj ijnjkxk. Klj|{xg ljlgb|jb j tklgeoejb! H{b{xk|j

7::2! t. :8)772.

2.@jxjgn Boxnka. Hgvkak ijnkxj|{a{j j ik`gnjbg xobjaox.

Aj|oxegcjg jnr|j|{|{a{j lk ijnk) Tk|xognj! 7:50! t. 70;)822.

;7


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Kptaoxgxkg j ksga{gxkg vbijn|kaox

Kaghoxgxk6onr|gn|jn \gxnosrb`jNjng Boxa|kgn{

Xklgb|ox 6 Jxjng Kngb`k

H{n lk |jtgx 78.43.45. Coxig|{a `x|jkj 34p0< 7/73.@x|jk ocrk|. \jtgx Xjro. \jxgf{a ;4 kp.Boaj lk |jtgx 2!8; Boignlg nx.:

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