ids rising powers in international development "state of the debate in india" chatham...
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This presentation was made at Chatham House on 14 October 2014 by Dr Emma Mawdsley. She presented evidence from the IDS Rising Powers in International Development programme work on how India engages in international development. More info available at: www.ids.ac.uk/risingpowersTRANSCRIPT
Rising Powers in International Development
The State of the Debate in India:Strengthening Institutions
Presented by Dr Emma Mawdsley, University of CambridgeOn behalf of:
Sachin Chaturvedi, Anuradha M. Chenoy, Deepta Chopra, Anuradha Joshi and Khush Hal S. Lagdhyan
Two sets of Discourses
• Different from Western Aid• Different From Chinese Development Cooperation• Indian DC is viewed as:
Sustainable and InclusiveBased on India’s own development experienceDemand BasedWithout conditionalitiesMutual gainBased on India’s soft power
Background and history (Up to late 1980s)
• Contextual FactorsNon-aligned MovementColombo Plan
• Key featuresTrilateral cooperation (with NGOs)Transparency in support of less developed countries
(neighbourhood)Program-based Development Assistance
• MotivationsIndia’s energy needs (hydropower)Buffer between India and China (e.g. Nepal)Desire to become an International player
Current Trends1990s onwards
• Contextual factorsRapid Economic Growth Nuclear Power
• Key FeaturesDebt relief to HIPC countriesEmphasis on Trade and Lines of CreditIncreasing role in Africa
• MotivationsIndia’s aspirations as a Global PlayerImplicit Competition with China
Indian expenditure on the ITEC programme
Source: Srinath (2013).
Regional distribution of the ITEC programme during 2011–12
Source: Adapted from Ministry of External Affairs (2012).
Components of Indian development cooperation (1)
• The ITEC programme
Components of Indian development cooperation (2)• Lines of credit
Active lines of credit to countries in various regions of the world (2012)
• Trade and investment
• Grants
Source: Srinath (2013).
Source: Srinath, Pavan 2013
Institutional Architecture1950s-1980s Experimentation in the field and consolidation in the Ministry
of External Affairs (MEA) Indian Aid Mission (IAM) Indian Cooperation Mission (ICM) Economic and Coordination Division (ECD) Consolidated training programme launched as ITEC
1990s-2010s Multiple Institutions (Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Commerce and Ministry of External Affairs) Establishment of ITEC Division—MF and then MEA India Development Initiative (IDI) --MF IDEAS lines of credit launched—EXIM Bank
2012 onwards Consolidation of DC under Ministry of External Affairs Development Partnership Administration (DPA) DPA I: Lines of Credit DPA II: ITEC, Grant assistance and humanitarian assistance DPA III: implementation of grant assistance projects in the region
Business and development cooperation
• Close link between development cooperation and business
• Business benefits from trade focus• Long term, commercial and sustainable • Clarity on demand for investment required• Ethics and transparency of business operations
abroad
Public debate and civil society perspectives
• Broad support for South-South cooperation by civil society, based on principles of sustainable, socially just approach to international relations
• Some CSOs engaged with national government for designing a new cooperative framework
• Other CSOs are deeply critical, but have been bypassed and need to be worked with
Media coverage and public debate
• Low coverage• Indian media has been supportive of private sector-
led business engagement • Largely nationalist, with China being seen as
competition• Lack of public debate• Little or no engagement of parliamentarians and
political parties
Policy priorities and issues
• Developing policy clarity• Building transparency (collecting and making data available)
• Engaging with civil society organizations • Encouraging domestic debate• Sharing experiences internationally• Assessing Impact of new forms of DC
THANK YOU!