INTEGRATED WEED INTEGRATED WEED CONTROLCONTROL

Lars BakerLars Baker

Fremont County Weed & PestFremont County Weed & Pest

Control StrategiesControl Strategies Weed IdentificationWeed Identification PreventionPrevention TillageTillage MowingMowing Crop CompetitionCrop Competition Hand PullingHand Pulling MulchMulch GrazingGrazing HerbicidesHerbicides Biological ControlBiological Control

Weed IdentificationWeed Identification

Tools for IdentificationTools for Identification Picture BooksPicture Books Plant KeysPlant Keys HerbariumHerbarium

Basic ClassificationBasic Classification Annual, Biennial, PerennialAnnual, Biennial, Perennial Grasses, Forbs, Shrubs, TreesGrasses, Forbs, Shrubs, Trees Flowers, Fruits & Vegetative PartsFlowers, Fruits & Vegetative Parts

Field BindweedField Bindweed

Weed MappingWeed Mapping

Mapping drives control activityMapping drives control activity Weed maps focus your energyWeed maps focus your energy Prioritize resourcesPrioritize resources

Mapping documents the process Mapping documents the process Records treatmentsRecords treatments Provides historyProvides history

Mapping monitors program effectivenessMapping monitors program effectiveness Still spreading or going away?Still spreading or going away?

A Wide Spread Weed ProblemA Wide Spread Weed Problem

PreventionPrevention

Species SelectionSpecies Selection SanitationSanitation

Clean SeedClean Seed Clean Plant StockClean Plant Stock Clean Tools & EquipmentClean Tools & Equipment Clean WaterClean Water Clean SoilClean Soil

Early Detection & Rapid ResponseEarly Detection & Rapid Response Containment & QuarantineContainment & Quarantine

Tillage and CultivationTillage and Cultivation

Soil DisturbanceSoil Disturbance Perennial Weeds (Plants From Roots)Perennial Weeds (Plants From Roots)

Poor ResultsPoor Results Dedication RequiredDedication Required

Annual Weeds (Plants From Seeds)Annual Weeds (Plants From Seeds) Good ResultsGood Results Timing ImportantTiming Important

MowingMowing

Perennial (Plants From Roots)Perennial (Plants From Roots) CosmeticCosmetic SelectiveSelective Plant AdaptationPlant Adaptation

Annual (Plants From Seed)Annual (Plants From Seed) CosmeticCosmetic SelectiveSelective Plant DemisePlant Demise

Mowing will not ControlMowing will not ControlQuackgrassQuackgrass

Crop CompetitionCrop Competition

What Plants Need To GrowWhat Plants Need To Grow TemperatureTemperature LightLight WaterWater NutrientsNutrients Growing MediumGrowing Medium AirAir

Established Plants Prevent GerminationEstablished Plants Prevent Germination Light & Water ResourcesLight & Water Resources Easily Combined With MowingEasily Combined With Mowing

Hand PullingHand Pulling

Labor IntensiveLabor Intensive Effective In Very Small AreasEffective In Very Small Areas Immediately CosmeticImmediately Cosmetic Highly SelectiveHighly Selective Personal SatisfactionPersonal Satisfaction Can Destroy Favorable PlantsCan Destroy Favorable Plants Can Be Combined With TillageCan Be Combined With Tillage

MulchMulch

Perennial (Plants From Roots)Perennial (Plants From Roots) Limited ControlLimited Control

Grows AroundGrows Around Grows Up ThroughGrows Up Through Waits Until Next YearWaits Until Next Year

Excludes LightExcludes Light Annuals (Plants From Seeds)Annuals (Plants From Seeds)

Prevents Seed GerminationPrevents Seed Germination Blocks LightBlocks Light Holds MoistureHolds Moisture Enhances Bacterial DecompositionEnhances Bacterial Decomposition

GrazingGrazing

Livestock SpeciesLivestock Species TimingTiming IntensityIntensity SelectivitySelectivity

HerbicidesHerbicides

Over 150 Chemical Compounds on the MarketOver 150 Chemical Compounds on the Market Two Big Jumps in Corn YieldTwo Big Jumps in Corn Yield

1955 and 19651955 and 1965 Concentrated Energy in a CanConcentrated Energy in a Can Formulated to Allow Convenient or Efficient Formulated to Allow Convenient or Efficient

Application of the Active IngredientsApplication of the Active Ingredients

Classifications Of Herbicides Classifications Of Herbicides

Systemic vs. ContactSystemic vs. Contact Xylem or PhloemXylem or Phloem

Foliage vs. Root AdsorptionFoliage vs. Root Adsorption Organic or Inorganic ChemistryOrganic or Inorganic Chemistry Timing of Use- Pre or PostTiming of Use- Pre or Post FormulationFormulation Mode of ActionMode of Action MarketMarket

Herbicide SelectivityHerbicide Selectivity

Seed SizeSeed Size Planting DepthPlanting Depth Plant CuticlePlant Cuticle Plant ShapePlant Shape Plant SizePlant Size Plant GeneticsPlant Genetics SurfactantsSurfactants

Application ToolsApplication Tools

Spray BottleSpray Bottle Backpack SprayerBackpack Sprayer Motorized SprayersMotorized Sprayers Granular ApplicatorsGranular Applicators Aerosol SpraysAerosol Sprays Fertilizer ImpregnationFertilizer Impregnation Paint brush/Paint rollerPaint brush/Paint roller

Application TechnologyApplication Technology

Broadcast- Spray Entire AreaBroadcast- Spray Entire Area Band- Spray Strips Over a Row CropBand- Spray Strips Over a Row Crop Spot Treat- Spray Individual WeedsSpot Treat- Spray Individual Weeds High or Low VolumeHigh or Low Volume Micro RatesMicro Rates HerbigationHerbigation

CalibrationCalibration

Nozzle Size & TypeNozzle Size & Type PatternPattern Droplet SizeDroplet Size VolumeVolume

PressurePressure SpeedSpeed DilutionDilution CarrierCarrier

Controlling PesticideControlling PesticideContaminationContamination

DriftDrift Droplet SizeDroplet Size Distance To The TargetDistance To The Target Wind Speed & DirectionWind Speed & Direction

Movement of Treated SoilMovement of Treated Soil Ground & Surface Water ContaminationGround & Surface Water Contamination

Biological ControlBiological Control

Non-PersistentNon-Persistent AugmentiveAugmentive Bio-herbicidesBio-herbicides

PersistentPersistent Introduced WeedsIntroduced Weeds Introduced Natural Introduced Natural

EnemiesEnemies Restore BalanceRestore Balance

THE ENDTHE END