1. For the students of Gulf Medical University, Ajman, MBBSDr. Seyed Morteza Mahmoudi, MBBS Gulf Medical University, Ajman

2. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 3. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 4. The anatomical Planes Coronal (frontal) plane Divides the body into front and back halves (also any plane parallel to this). Sagittal plane Divides the body into right and left halves (also any plane or section parallel to this). The term, parasagittal plane, is sometimes used for the parallel planes. Horizontal/ transverse/ axial plane Any section across the long axis of the body or across the long axis of a part or an organ. 5. Axillary lines. Midaxillary line, a line running vertically down the surface of thebody passing through the apex of the axilla (armpit). Anterior axillary line, passes through the anterior axillary skinfold, Posterior axillary line, passes through the posterior axillary skinfold.Mid-clavicular line, vertical line passing through the midpoint of the clavicle and mid-inguinal point. Intercristal line, a transverse line passing across the lumbar spine between the superior aspects of the iliac crests. In addition, reference may be made to structures at specific spinal levels (e.g. the 4th cervical vertebra, "C4"), or intercostal spaces. 6. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 7. Superior/ Cranial vs. Inferior/ Caudal Anterior/ Ventral vs. Posterior/ Dorsal Medial vs. Lateral Radial vs. Ulnar Fibular vs. Tibial Median Proximal vs. Distal Superficial vs. Deep/ Profundus Interior/ Internal vs. Exterior/ External Combined terms: eg. superolateral, posteromedial, anterolateral,etc. 8. Terms of Direction2 9. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 10. Flexion vs. ExtensionAbduction vs. AdductionCircumductionDorsiflexion vs. Plantar flexionEversion vs. InversionExternal rotation vs. Internal rotationLateral flexionPronation vs. SupinationRadial deviation vs. Ulnar deviation 11. MovementsFlexion: Generally the bending of two surfaces toward each other.Extension: Generally the bending of two surfaces away from each other. When there might be confusion the term dorsiflexion is used. 12. Movements cont. Abduction: Any movement away from the midlineAdduction: Any movement toward the midline 13. Movements cont.External (lateral) rotation: Turning a part of the body to face outwardInternal (medial) rotation: Turning a part of the body to face inwardCircumduction: Sometimes used to describe a circular movement, as when swinging one's arm around in a circle. 14. Movements cont. Special movements of the forearm Supination: turning the palms to face upward Pronation: turning the palms to face downward Special movements of the foot Eversion: turning the soles of the feet outward Inversion: turning the soles of the feet inward to face each other Note: When describing movement, always refer to the joint involved, e.g.. flexion of elbow rather than flexion of forearm. This will avoid much confusion. 15. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 16. Parts and Regions of the Body Head and neck Head = cephalus; adjective - cephalic (cranial is sometimes used as a synonym) Neck = cervix; adjective - cervical Upper limb Anterior shoulder = pectoral area Arm or brachium = portion between shoulder and elbow (this is not a synonym for upper limb.) Forearm or antebrachium = portion between elbow and wrist The hand has a dorsal and a palmar (or volar) surface. Lower limb Buttock = gluteal region Thigh = portion from hip to knee. Leg = portion from knee to ankle The foot has a dorsal and a plantar surface. 17. Parts and Regions of the Body cont. Trunk or torso is an anatomical term for the central part of body from which extend the neck and limbs. The trunk includes the thorax and abdomen. Thorax or chest Adjective - thoracic Anterior surface = sternal or pectoral areaRibs = costa; adjective - costal Abdomen The anterior wall has several regions which will be encountered later. e.g. umbilical= around navel, lumbar = flank region, gastric = stomachPelvis This is actually the inferior continuation of the abdomen. The posterior area is called the sacral area because of its relationship to the sacrum bone.Perineum is the area enclosing the external genitalia and anus 18. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 19. Cranial regions Parietal Frontal Temporal OccipitalFacial regions Auricular Buccal Orbital Mastoid Nasal Mental Submental Maxillary Mandibular Zygomatic 20. Cervical Larynx Tracheal Nuchal 21. Axillary Clavicular Sternal Pectoral Mammary Costal Scapular 22. Hypochondriac Epigastric Umbilical Hypogastric Inguinal/ Lumbariliac 23. Deltoid Acromial Brachial Antebrachial Antecubital Olecranon Carpal Palmar Digital Phalangeal Pollex 24. Femoral Patellar Crural Popliteal Sural Tarsal Pedal Calcaneal 25. Posterior Body Regions Occipital DeltoidPopliteal Gluteal Scapular Lumbar Vertebral Sacral 26. AnatomicalPosition Orientation Planes and Lines Terms of Direction Terms of Movement Parts and Regions of the Body Body Cavities 27. PleuralPericardial 28. Body CavitiesDorsal Body CavityVentral Body CavityCranial CavityThoracic CavitySpinal CavityAbdominopelvic CavityAbdominal & Pelvic