modelli virtuali per rappresentare i comportamenti: nuovi … · 2019-05-30 · modelli virtuali...
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Modelli virtuali per rappresentare i
comportamenti: nuovi strumenti al
servizio della progettazione
antincendio
ENRICO RONCHI, Ph.D.
Department of Fire Safety Engineering
Lund University, Sweden
Persone, comportamenti ed emergenza
Giornata di studio, 16/05/2019 – Consorzio Universitario di Pordenone
• Evacuation modelling
• What are evacuation models
• What results do we get?
• The evacuation modelling market
• Virtual Reality
• What is Virtual Reality
• How can we use it for FSE?
Outline
Evacuation modelling
What are evacuation models?
Computer modelling (research and commercial)
Tools for the representation of human behaviour and people movement
during emergenciesMovement (equation-based/agent-based)
• Hydraulic model in the SFPE handbook,
• Social force model
• Steering model, etc.
Behaviours (generally agent-based)
• Time-line model (sequence of actions)
• Decision making
Implementation of HBIF theories
Simplified Time-line engineering model for ASET/RSET
Evacuation modelling
Evacuation modelling
What results can we get from evacuation models?
- Total evacuation times
- Occupant-evacuation time curves
- Prediction of congestion levels (comfort and safety) and other emergent
behaviours
- Toxicity assessment in case of fire-people interaction (Purser’s FED
model)
The evacuation modelling market
The lost users
60+ modelsL
ist
of
mo
dels
The evacuation modelling market
Ronchi E & Kinsey M (2011). Evacuation models of the future. Insights from an
online survey on user’s experiences and needs. In Capote J (ed) et al: Advanced
Research Workshop Evacuation and Human Behaviour in Emergency Situations
EVAC11, Santander, pp. 145-155.
SURVEY about evacuation models
- 198 participants
- Available in 6 languages (Eng, Ger, Chi, Spa, Ita, Rus).
- 36 different countries
NEW SURVEY IN 2018, to be published soon
The evacuation modelling market
Model awareness
In 2018 survey, Pathfinder became the most known model
First 5 models are the same
The evacuation modelling market
5 examples of evacuation models
FDS+Evac
buildingEXODUS
Pathfinder
STEPS
Simulex
Most known models in survey (Top 5)
The evacuation modelling market
Which variables are important?
- How does the model represent people movement
in space?
- How does the model represent the impact of
smoke on human behaviour?
- How is exit/route choice modelled
- Are models compatible to 2D/3D software?
- Can evacuation models be coupled with VR?
The evacuation modelling market
FDS+Evac Exodus Pathfinder STEPS Simulex
Space
representation
Continuous Grid / Hybrid Continuous Grid Continuous
Exit choice Optimal/
conditional/
user
Optimal/
conditional/
shortest /
user
Locally
quickest /
user
Quickest
(patience coeff.)
/ user
Shortest / user
Fire-Human
interaction
Toxicity,
Smoke affects
speed
Toxicity,
Smoke affects
speed
Toxicity Toxicity,
Smoke affects
speed
No
(research only)
Geometry
compatibility
Coding
(or Pyrosim)
CAD / BIM CAD / BIM CAD / BIM CAD / BIM
VR capabilities No Yes Yes Yes Planned?
Virtual Reality: What is Virtual Reality
Definitions
A real or simulated environment in which the perceiver experiences
telepresence, i.e., the feeling of being present in a virtual environment
VR is used here to refer to computer-generated environments
Telepresence is linked with the
illusion of being immersed in the
environment represented with the
VR technology
Virtual Reality (VR)
Virtual Reality: What is Virtual Reality
Which one is real?
Virtual Reality: How can we use it for FSE?
3D model of a portion of the tunnel built and imported in the
Game Engine Unity
Examples of VR experiments for FSE
Goal:
To compare Tunnel emergency exit portal design options
Virtual Reality
Examples of VR experiments
A portion of FCC at CERN built in VR, people at
CERN/ESS experiencing a simulated evacuation
emergency
Goal:
To compare way-finding solutions for FCC (robots?)
Virtual Reality: How can we use it for FSE?
Virtual Reality
Validation Well documented case studies of real fires
Alone In a virtual crowd
Comparing evacuation decisions
Virtual Reality: How can we use it for FSE?
Goal:
Developing a ForensicVR method
Virtual Reality
- VR is able to elicit realistic behaviour during fire
evacuation scenarios
- VR shown to be a cost-effective method to rank
different evacuation design solutions
- VR showed great potential as a methodology to
study fire evacuation
- VR gives the possibility to investigate evacuation
scenario which are almost impossible to study in
controlled conditions in real life (not existing,
ethical challenges, etc.)
Conclusions
- Evacuation models and Virtual Reality
have great potential to investigate
human behaviour in fire scenarios
- Building industry includes modelling
tools that can be coupled with FSE
- Great potential for fire safety design
(comparing design options, testing
different solutions, etc.)
• Evacuation modelling
• What are evacuation models
• What results do we get?
• Virtual Reality
• What is Virtual Reality
• How can we use it for FSE?
Outline
S. Arias, S. La Mendola, J. Wahlqvist, O. Rios, D. Nilsson, E. Ronchi (2019). Virtual Reality evacuation experiments
on way-finding systems for the Future Circular Collider. Fire Technology.
S. Arias, E. Ronchi, J. Wahlqvist, J. Eriksson, D. Nilsson (2018). ForensicVR: Investigating human behaviour in fire
with Virtual Reality. Report 3218, Department of Fire Safety Engineering, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Ronchi, E., & Nilsson, D. (2016). Basic Concepts and Modelling Methods. In A. Cuesta, O. Abreu, & D. Alvear (Eds.),
Evacuation Modeling Trends (pp. 1–23). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Ronchi, E., & Kinsey, M. (2011). Evacuation models of the future: Insights from an online survey on user’s experiences
and needs (pp. 145–155). Presented at the Advanced Research Workshop Evacuation and Human Behaviour in
Emergency Situations EVAC11, Santander, Spain: Capote, J. et al.
E. Ronchi, D. Mayorga, R. Lovreglio, J. Wahlqvist, D. Nilsson (2019), Virtual Reality experiments for evacuation
research: Mobile-powered Head Mounted Displays vs Cave Automatic Virtual Environment experiments for evacuation
research. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds.
E. Ronchi, D. Nilsson, S. Kojic, J. Eriksson, R. Lovreglio, H. Modig, A. Lindgren Walter. A Virtual Reality experiment
on flashing lights at emergency exit portals for road tunnel evacuation (2015). Fire Technology.
References