Sanjaya MishraEducation Specialist, eLearning

Commonwealth of Learning, Canada

September 7, 2020 | Online Presentation for Sambalpur University, India

MOOCs, e-Content Development and OER

Commonwealth Heads of Government MeetingVancouver, 1987

Copyright Commonwealth Secretariat

The Commonwealth54 developed and developing nations around the

world

To help Commonwealth governments and

institutions use technologies to improve and

expand learning for sustainable development

• Higher education: Context

• Technology-Enabled Learning

• Massive Open Online Courses

• E-Content Development

• Open Educational Resources

• Way Forward

Plan

Higher Education:

Context

Access

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

China India Malaysia Europe Northern America

Source: UNESCO Institute of Statistics: http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=EDULIT_DS

45.12%

50.6%

28.6%

71.5%

86.2%

• Times Higher Education World University Rankings 2020: Not one in top 300

• QS World University Ranking 2020: First one in 152

• Academic Ranking of World Universities 2020: First one in 501-600

• Scimago country ranking (research productivity: 9th

• Webometrics: First one in 513

Quality

Towards excellence…

http://www.naac.gov.in/docs/Quality%20Assurance%20in%20Higher%20Education%20An%20Introduction.pdf

• Student and teacher recruitment

• Infrastructure and budget

• Organisational culture

Inputs

• Fostering inquisitive minds

• Academic freedom and autonomy

• Relevant curriculum

Processes• Impact on society

• Graduate employability and earnings

• Adding value to institutional reputation

Outcomes

• National Sample Survey (NSS), 2014: annual private cost of a general post-graduate education for an individual is about six per cent of the national per capita income. However, for professional education it is about 78%.

• Learners in general education use about 17–27% of their personal expenditures for textbooks, while learners in professional education spend about 9–11%. Rural learners spend more on textbooks than urban learners. Due to financial constraints or engagement in economic activities, 54.6% of male learners and 64.2% of female learners discontinue their studies.

Costs

Cost of Tertiary Education

503.1

346.8

99.5

95.5

61.3

0 100 200 300 400 500 600

India

Indonesia

China

South Korea

Japan

Cost as % of income in

2015

Source: https://www.eiuperspectives.economist.com/sites/default/files/EIU_Yidan%20prize%20forecast_Education%20to%202030.pdf

Technology-Enabled

Learning

Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/velkr0/3472576304 (CC BY)

… this can’t continue

COVID-19 implications…

Face-to-Face Courses

Blended CoursesDistance/Online

Courses

Open and Distance Learning

- MOOC- Mobile learning

ICT integration in teaching and learning

Blended Learning

Technology

CapacityPolicy

Technology-Enabled Learning

Contents

Strategic Framework

Learning Design

(Source: Sharma, & Mishra, 2007)

Massive Open Online

Courses

• 110 Million students

• 900+ universities

• 13,500+ courses

• 820 micro-credentials

• 50 MOOC-based degrees

Source: https://www.classcentral.com/report/mooc-stats-2019/

MOOCs: Increasing access

• Platform and Provider

• Credits and Credentials

• Institutions

• Instructors

• Learners

• Instructional Design

• Resources

Presage

• Learning Process

• Engagement and Participation

Process• Completion

• Satisfaction

Product

Quality Assurance and Accreditation

UGC Recognition of the courses: 20% of credits allowed

eContent Development

eContent: VRDQ Approach

SWAYAM: Four Quadrant Approach

Q-1Video, audio,

animation, etc.

Q-3Web resources, OER

etc. as links

Q-2Reading (text, eBooks,

PDFs, etc.)

Q-4Assessments and

Discussions: assignments, MCQs,

etc.

Planning and Development

• Instructional design before technology

• Focus on learning outcomes

• Inhouse availability of technology and support

• Appropriate use of technology

• Teacher training and learner orientation

LMS OAR+

Technology Infrastructure

LDRTCB +

Teaching and Learning

OER: Definition

OER are teaching, learning and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits their free use and in some instances, re-purposing by others

What is Open?

• It’s about open license used to share educational material

• No permission required as long as the open license is respected

1. Reuse(copy verbatim)

2. Revise (adapt and edit)

3. Remix (combine with other

materials)

4. Redistribute (share with others)

5. Retain (make, own and control

copies)

• Building capacity of stakeholders to create, access, use, adapt and redistribute OER

• Developing supportive policy

• Encourage inclusive and equitable quality OER

• Nurturing the creation of sustainability models for OER

• Facilitating international cooperation

UNESCO OER Recommendation

OER in India

▪ NMEICT Open Licensing Guidelines 2014

▪ NROER (NCERT)

▪ INFLIBNET ePG-Pathshala

▪ NPTEL Courses

Indian Universities and OER

1. Netaji Subhas Open University, Kolkata

2. Uttarakhand Open University, Haldwani

3. Odisha State Open University, Sambalpur

4. Pt. Sundarlal Sharma Open University Chhattisgarh, Bilaspur

5. K K Handiqui State Open University, Guwahati

6. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar Open University, Hyderabad

7. Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharmshala

8. Bilaspur University, Bilaspur

9. University of Hyderabad (eLearning Policy having OER)

Source: CEMCA

▪ WikiEducator

▪ Connexions

▪ OER Commons

▪ College Open textbooks

▪ CK-12

▪ Siyavula

▪ MERLOT

▪ OpenLearn

▪ Saylor Academy

▪ BC Open Textbooks

▪ Open Course Library

▪ NPTEL

Major OER Platforms

Quality Guidelines for Open Educational Resources

• Teaching and learning processes

• Information and material contents

• Presentation, products and formats

• System, technical and technology http://oasis.col.org/handle/11599/562

Antigua and Barbuda

• Students saved

between 75 to 88 ECD

per course per

semester by using open

textbooks

• Supplementing

textbooks with OER

improved student

performance by 5.5%

Mainstreaming Open Educational Resources

Source: Mishra, 2017.

Online Course on OER

https://learnoer.col.org

Way Forward

• Develop a TEL policy with focus on blended learning

• Integrate SWAYAM MOOCs

• Rethink students’ access to technology and devices

• Use cloud-based services to host LMS and OAR

• Regularly build capacity of teachers

Institutions

• Participate in online learning opportunities to build your online teaching skills

• Rethink face-to-face pedagogy to alternative options

• Start with integrating ICTs in classroom

• Focus students as knowledge co-creator

Teachers

• Develop skills for use of technology for learning

• Search and use MOOCs and OER in your studies

• Engage in collaboration and knowledge co-creation

Students

• Adopt OER policy, including for MOOCs

• Integrate OER and MOOCs in QA

• Develop guidelines for blended learning

• Offer MOOCs on QA and online learning

Regulatory agencies

Thank Youwww.col.org