8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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Nanotechnology and Its ApplicationIn Drug delivery

What is Nanotechnology ?

History : The era of nanotechnology

Traditional drug delivery system and its failures  Advent of Nanotechnology in drug delivery

Cancer detection, Diagnosis and its Treatment

Potential risks of Nanotechnology

Future and Beyond

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What Is Nanotechnology? Technological developments in nanometer scale 0.1 to 100 nm 

(10,000 times smaller than the width of a hair) 

Dominated by surface effects, virtual exclusion of macro-scale effects 

Properties differ unexpectedly from the corresponding bulk materials 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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The Era of Nanotechnology

The invention of transistors and IC launched an era of miniaturization 

Roots of Nanotechnology lie in the merging of three lines of thinking –   Atomic Physics, Chemistry, & Electronics 

The first mention of Nanotechnology was by Richard Feynman in his lecture - 

” There ‘s Plenty Of Room At The Bottom”  

Greater public awareness in 1980 by Eric Drexler 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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Traditional Drug Delivery

Oral delivery 

Intravenous administration 

DISADVANTAGES 

Drug decomposition due to exposure to metabolic processes 

Low specificity necessitating large doses 

High concentration of drug in blood stream 

Toxic side effects 

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Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery

Most animal cells 10,000-20,000 nm in diameter  Nanodevices (less than 100 nm) are small enough to enter cells 

Can enter and monitor cells within living body 

Ideal candidate for delivery of vaccines, targeted antibiotics 

and a key to defeating cancer and other incurable diseases 

Cell 10,000-20,000 nm

Nanodevices less than 100 nm

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Cancer Nanotechnology

Chemotherapy: currently one of the main methods of treating cancer 

Results in Systemic side effects due to non-specific 

uptake by healthy tissues 

Specific targeting of chemotherapeutics by nanoconstructs eliminates unpalatable side effects and 

makes them potential tools for cancer treatment 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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Nanodevices Overview

Improved diagnostics : Cantilevers,Nanopores, Nanotubes 

Imaging and Detection : Quantum dots,Nanowires, Nanoparticles 

Multifunctional Therapeutics- Targeting and Treatment : Liposomes, Dendrimers,

Nanoshells 

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Cantilevers Microscopic beams coated with antibodies 

Bound cancer markers which changes surface tension (bending of cantilevers)  Provides info about presence and concentration of cancer 

associated molecules, aids in early detection of cancer 

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Nanopores

Tiny pores that allow DNA strand to pass  Monitor shape and electrical properties of each 

base on the strand 

Decipher errors in genetic code associated with 

cancer 

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Nanotubes

Carbon rods, half the diameter of DNA molecule 

Creates a map showing 

the shape of DNA molecule 

Pinpoints exact location of 

altered genes and important mutations,predicting cancer 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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Nanoparticles

Solid,colloidal particles 10 to 1000nm in size  Super paramagnetic NPs act as tumor biomarkers and imaging  Polymeric Nanoparticles (PNPs) lead to more specific targeting 

of drugs 

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Nanowires

Nanowires are laid across a microfluidic channel 

Information is relayed via electrical connections 

Pinpoints changes in cancer genetics 

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Quantum Dots

Nanoscale crystals of semiconductors 

Glow when stimulated by UV light 

Kind of spectral barcode identifying cancer associated DNA 

sequences  Eliminates need for 

biopsy 

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Liposomes

Lyotropic liquid crystals composed of amphiphillic bilayers 

Passive targeting: gather around cancer tissue, which activates macrophages 

 Active targeting: attachment of drug to the surface receptor ligands 

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Dendrimers

Hyper-branched man- made polymers 

Versatile nanoscale platforms capable of detecting cancer,delivering drugs and as apoptosis sensor 

Both Encapsulation and Dendrimer -drug conjugates act as drug carriers 

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Nanoshells or Nanobullets

Silica core with ultra thin metallic shell 

Enhanced Permeation Retention (EPR) allows specificity  Nanoshell Assisted Photo Thermal therapy (NAPT) 

Death of tumor cells by local thermal heating 

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Potential Risks

TOXICITY  Affect stability of cell membranes 

Evade body’s immune system  

Cross Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)  Uncontrolled reactivity of nanoparticles 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Excretion and disposal of nanomedicine 

 Accumulation in food chain 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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Future And Beyond

Nanotechnology will radically change theprocedures adopted for Cancer Treatment

Nanomedicine will revolutionize healthcare by leaps and bounds

It has turned Science fiction into reality

Powerful development likely to have asignificant impact

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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 Acknowledgement

There are people, who by simply being what they are, influence you to do things, you never thought yourself capable of doing.

We would like to take this opportunity to extend our gratitude to people whose contributions were of immense value.

 All the Teachers of our Chemistry Department .

Respected principal and vice principal and our HOD Prof. B. Lahiri for organizing the seminar.  All other teachers whose blessings guided us. Our friends, who offered valuable ideas and suggestions.

ISHANI MITRA (329) PALLAVI SINHA (323) 

St. Xavier’s College  ( Chemistry department 1 st year )  

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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Nanotechnology and Its Applicationin Drug Delivery

OUTLINE

What is Nanotechnology? 

History: The Era of Nanotechnology  Traditional Drug Delivery methods and its failures 

 Advent of Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery 

Cancer Detection, Diagnosis and Treatment 

Potential Risks of Nanotechnology 

Future and beyond 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nanotech-final1presentation 22/26

Nanodevices Overview

Improved diagnostics : Cantilevers,Nanopores, Nanotubes 

Imaging and Detection : Quantum dots,

Nanowires, Nanoparticles  Multifunctional Therapeutics- Targeting and 

Treatment : Liposomes, Dendrimers,

Nanoshells 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nanotech-final1presentation 23/26

Potential Risks

TOXICITY  Affect stability of cell membranes 

Evade body’s immune system  

Cross Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)  Uncontrolled reactivity of nanoparticles 

ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERNS

Excretion and disposal of nanomedicine 

 Accumulation in food chain 

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nanotech-final1presentation 24/26

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

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 Acknowledgement

There are people, who by simply being what they are, influence you to do things, you never thought yourself capable of doing.

We would like to take this opportunity to extend our gratitude to people whose contributions were of immense value.

 All the Teachers of our Chemistry Department .

Respected principal and vice principal and our HOD Prof. B. Lahiri for organizing the seminar.  All other teachers whose blessings guided us. Our friends, who offered valuable ideas and suggestions.

ISHANI MITRA (329) PALLAVI SINHA (323) 

St. Xavier’s College  ( Chemistry department 1 st year )  

8/4/2019 Nanotech Final[1]Presentation

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/nanotech-final1presentation 26/26

Cancer Nanotechnology

Chemotherapy: currently one of the main methods of treating cancer 

Results in Systemic side effects due to non-specific 

uptake by healthy tissues  Specific targeting of chemotherapeutics by 

nanoconstructs eliminates unpalatable side effects and 

makes them potential tools for cancer treatment