Overview of Overview of Indian Power SectorIndian Power Sector

February 29, 2008

Evolutionary Phase of Power Sector • Radical changes in structural, institutional and operational

arrangements.• Supply of electricity is moving away from being considered

as “Public Service” to an “Economic Activity”

• Private Sector Participation aimed at • marshaling requisite investment into the sector

• to usher in competition and improved efficiency

• Consumer’s Aspiration Growing – Digital Grade Power Supply being Sought

Electricity Act 2003 – Paradigm Shift• Delicensing of generation and freedom for captive power

plants

• Trading defined as distinct activity.

• Unbundling of erstwhile monolithic State Electricity Boards

into separate corporations responsible for generation,

transmission and distribution

• Non discriminatory Open Access in transmission

• Transmission as licensed Activity

• Procurement of Power through Competitive basis

Players in the Power SectorPlayers in the Power SectorGenerators

Central Transmission utility

State Transmission/Sub-transmission utilities

Distribution utilities

System Operator

Consumers

Traders

Development of Electric GridsDevelopment of Electric Grids

Regional

State

National

1960’s 1970’s 1990’s

Local

1950’s

Adoption of Generating unit size

500MW

200/210MW

Less than 200MW

1970’s 1980’s 1990’s 2000’s

660/1000MW

Plan wise Growth of Power System Plan wise Growth of Power System

4260063600

85800105000

132300

020000400006000080000

100000120000140000

6th 7th 8th 9th 10th

MW

9300 21600 40900 6040092900

3730094400

169700

254800

383700

050000

100000150000200000250000300000350000400000450000

6th Plan 7th Plan 8th Plan 9th Plan 10th plan

Ckt

. km

s

400 kV lines 220 kV lines

― 6th Plan – 1980-85

― 7th Plan – 1985-90

― Annual Plan 1990-91

― Annual Plan 1991-92

― 8th Plan – 1992-97

― 9th Plan – 1997-2002

― 10th Plan – 2002-07

Indian Power System - Present

NER

ER

NR

WR

SR AND

AMAN

&

NIC

OBAR

LAKSHAD

WEEP

I.C-41800PD- 37950Deficit- 10100

I.C-38350PD- 26000Deficit-2000

I.C-18600PD- 11400Deficit - 700

I.C-2500PD- 1660Deficit- 300

I.C-36850PD- 29570Deficit- 3500

All figs. in MW

• Installed Capacity: 141 GW

• Peak Demand – 106 GW

• Peak Shortage – 15.6%

• Energy Shortage – 10.4 %

Indian Power System - Present

• Transmission Grid Comprises: – 765kV/400kV Lines - 77,500 ckt. km

– 220/132kV Lines - 114,600 ckt. km

– HVDC bipoles - 3 nos.

– HVDC back-to-back - 7 nos.

– FSC – 18 nos.; TCSC – 6 nos.

• NER, ER, NR & WR operating as single grid of 90,000 MW

• Inter-regional capacity : 17,000 MW

Inter-regional links – At present

C H A N D R A P U R

U .S IL E R U

N A G J H A R I

S R

K O L H A P U R

P O N D A

B E L G A U M

M W1 0 0 0

G A Z U W A K A

R A IP U R

V IN D H Y A C H A L

G O R A K H P U R

W R

G W A L IO RU J J A IN

M A L A N P U R

A G R A

K O T A

A U R A IY A

N R

B IR P A R A

E RM A L D A

P U R I

B A L IM E L A

K O R B A

R O U R K E L AT A L C H E R

D E H R I

S A H U

M U Z A F F A R P U R

P A T N AB A R H

N E RB O N G A IG A O N

S A L A K A T I

1 0 0 0M W

5 0 0M W

B U D H IP A D A R

S A S A R A M

B IH A R S H A R IF F

B A L IA

Inter-regional capacity : 17,000MW

Projected Power Scenario

105152

218

437

323

2007 2012 2017 2022 2027Year

GW

Peak Demand

153220

306

575425

GW

2007 2012 2017 2022 2027Year

67 GW86 GW

119 GW150 GWInstalled Capacity Requirement

Energy Resource Map

• Hydro potential in NER and upper part of NR.

• Coal reserves mainly in ER.

• Load Centres mainly in Northern & Western part of the Country

• Thus for optimal utilisation of resources – strong National Grid is a necessity.

Generation Addition

State Identified Capacity Additions

NER 4,050

West Bengal 5,000

Jharkhand 23,000Orissa 31,000Bihar 7,300Sikkim 3,500

Other 4,500Total 78,500

In 11th Plan(2007-2012) – 78,577 MWCapacity addition in limited areas, as detail given below:

ALL Figures in MW

In 12th Plan – 82,200 MW

Capacity addition confined to few areas

Capacity adition proposed during XI Plan

16553

58644

3380

HYDRO(MW)

THERMAL(MW)

NUCLEAR(MW)

Improving Grid Operation

74

53

7 2 1 03 4 0 0 0 00

20

40

60

80

100

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07till dateYear

Grid

Dis

turb

ance

s

Minor

Major

Grid Disturbances

• System Availability - At par with international standard• Grid Disturbance - No major grid disturbance during

last 4½ years• Inter-regional Capacity – 17,000 MW as on date• Energy Exchanged - 38,000 MUs in 06-07

Improving Grid Operation

• All Regional & State Load Despatch Centres modernised

• National Load Despatch Centre under implementation

• This coupled with implementation of ABT has led to:

– ‘Nil’ Grid Collapses in Last four and a half years.– Improvement in frequency and voltage profile– Merit Order Operation, Leading to Overall Economy– Transparency in grid operation – Quantum leap in intra and inter-regional Power

Exchange and Trading (inter-regional energy exchanged in 2006-07 is about 38,000 MU)

GRID DISTURBANCES

74

53

7 2 1 03 4 0 0 0 00

20

40

60

80

100

2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07till dateYear

Grid

Dis

turb

ance

s

Minor

Major

No major grid disturbance for last 4½ years

Minor grid disturbance reduced to minuscule

Major Challenges in Transmission Development

• Large quantum of power to be transferred over long distance

• Conservation of eco-sensitive Right-of-Way (ROW)

• Flexibility to enhance the transmission capacity etc.

• Harnessing of Daily and Seasonal Diversity

• Optimal transmission cost

• Development of large transmission system in a limited time period

BY 2011-12

New Transmission Lines – 55,000 Ckt.kms

765 kV - 9,000 Ckt.kms; 400 kV - 46,000 ckt.kms

New Substations – 65 Nos.

765 kV – 15 (1 no. GIS) ; 400 kV – 50 (6 nos. GIS)

Series Compensation – 44 Nos.

HVDC System – +800kV, 6000MW & +500kV, 2500MW 1200 kV UHVAC SuperGrid overlaying 400kV/765kV AC network

BY 2016-17

Quantum of works is expected to be of same order as 11th plan

(in next 10-12 years- about 10 nos. 6000 MW HVDC Bipoles are envisaged)

POWERGRID Physical Target

• Development of National Grid on continual basis with sufficient inter-regional power transfer capacity

• Planned to enhance the capacity progressively to about -

National Grid – A Continuing Process

Strengthening of National Grid

17000

37700

150000

0

30000

60000

90000

120000

150000

IR C

apac

ity (M

W)

Present 2012 2027

Year

RAIPUR

SAHU

HVDC BACK-TO-BACK

VINDHYACHAL

LAKSHADW

EEP

KOLAR

BELGAUM

KOLHAPUR

WR

U.SILERU

CHANDRAPUR

1000 BALIMELAMW

KORBA

AURAIYA

MALANPUR

NR

MALDABIRPARA

NIC

OB

AR

AND

AMAN

&

220 kV

HVDC BIPOLE

BUDHIPADAR

400 kV

SASARAM

ER

GAZUWAKA

TALCHER

ROURKELA

DEHRI

Legend

BONGAIGAON

NERFATEHPUR

AGRA

GWALIOR

GORAKHPUR MUZAFFARPUR

PATNAB'SHARIFF

BARHNABINAGAR

PURI

KOTA

UJJAIN

KANKROLI

ZERDA

RAPP

NAGDA RANCHISIPATNORTH KARANPURA

SIPAT

SALAKATI

765 kV

BALIA

SRNAGJHARI

PONDA

PARLI

MW1000

500MW

SILIGURI

National Grid by 2012

Inter-regional capacity –37,700MW

Pushing Technological Frontiers

Grid Disturbances

400 kV

1977 1990 2000 2011 2012/13

765kV AC

±800 kV HVDC 1200kV UHVAC

±500 kV HVDC

Technologies Already Implemented

• Upgrading & Uprating of existing transmission system

• EHVAC Transmission System up to 765kV

• High rise & Multi ckt towers to avoid deforestation and protection of wild life

• Multi-conductor Bundle line

• Compact Tower/Pole Tower to reduce Right-of-Way

• High Temp endurance conductor for increased Loading

• Gas Insulated Substation

• Substation automation & remote operation

Focus: Optimisation of Right-of-Way & Land requirement

Contd…

Technology in Operation and Maintenance

• State-of-the-Art maintenance techniques being practiced:

– Hotline maintenance

– Live line detection of Insulator failure

– Emergency Restoration System

– Thermo vision scanning

Environment & Social Policy (ESPP) based on principles of Avoidance, Minimization and Mitigation

Specially designed high - rise towers (75m) to reduce tree cutting (Reduced from 90000 to 14739 in Rajaji National Park)

Application of Multi circuit and Compact towers to reduce corridor requirement

Towards Green Environment

Total Forest involvement reduced from 6% to 2% after implementation of ESPP since 1998.

Timely project implementation without any rehabilitation and resettlement disputes.

9 - 25 mtr

50 mtr

4 - 5 mtr approx

2%

68%

28%

2%6%

64%

28%2%

Forest Agriculture Revenue land Others

Land Use Pattern Traversed

in 27,000 Ckt.kms (till 1998) in 21,000 ckt.kms (after 1998)

Technologies Being Undertaken

• +800kV, 6000MW HVDC system

• High Surge Impedance Loading Line(HSIL)

• 1200kV UHVAC System

• Reducing high short circuit level

• Intelligent Grid – Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), Wide Area Monitoring (WAM), Self Healing, Adaptive

Islanding

1200kV UHVAC Test station for indigenous developmentCombined effort of manufacturers (19 nos.) and POWERGRID

POWERGRID’s investment about Rs. 100 crs.

1200kV Equipment like transformers, CB, disconnectors, Surge Arresters, CT, CVT etc. are being supplied

by manufacturers

Test station to be developed for HVDC

Leadership Position in Technology

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