september - october 2012 - international aquafeed

Volume 15 I s sue 5 2 012

the international magazine for the aquaculture feed industry

The use of algae in fish feeds as alternatives to fishmeal

Gustor Aqua and Ecobiol Aqua:– enhancing digestion in a different manner

Fishmeal & fish oil– and its role in sustainable

aquaculture

Options and challenges of alternative protein and energy

resources for aquafeed

EXPERT TOPIC– Shrimp

Volume 15 / Issue 5 / September-October 2012 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2012 / All rights reservedWHO CARES...…If profits in the aquaculture industry are as appetising as a salmon dinner?

As feed prices soar and formulation moves towards sustainability, aquaculture producers must think differently to stay on the menu.

In all phases of the fish’s life, proper nutrition will improve health. With decades of dedicated research, the “Alltech Aqua Advantage” programme responds to the challenges of today’s aquaculture producers

through nutritional innovation, addressing issues such as growth and performance, feed efficiency, flesh quality and immunity.

So, when asked who cares about your profitability? Remember

DOES!

alltech.com | facebook.com/AlltechNaturally | @Alltech

Silver sponsor of

Visit us at stand #4

An internAtionAl mAgAzine for the AquAculture feed industryCONTENTS

aquaI n t e r n a t I o n a l

feed

Volume 15 / Issue 5 / September-October 2012 / © Copyright Perendale Publishers Ltd 2012 / All rights reserved

International Aquafeed is published six times a year by Perendale Publishers Ltd of the United Kingdom.All data is published in good faith, based on information received, and while every care is taken to prevent inaccuracies, the publishers accept no liability for any errors or omissions or for the consequences of action taken on the basis of information published. ©Copyright 2012 Perendale Publishers Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means without prior permission of the copyright owner. Printed by Perendale Publishers Ltd. ISSN: 1464-0058

Aqua News

3 Best-sellingauthorsofMegatrendsunveiledasguestspeakersattheWorldNutritionForum2012

3 ApplicationsopenforMScSustainableAquacultureSystemsatPlymouthUniversity4 AQUATIVlaunchestwooperationsandsignsstrategicalliancestooffermarineHydrolyzate4 BioMarcelebrates50thbirthdayatAQUA20125 AquacultureFeedingWorld'sInsatiableAppetiteforSeafood5 Univerisdad6 BestAquaculturePracticesgainsfirsttwo-starsalmonoperationinSouthernHemisphere7 2012NovusWASInternshipChallenge7 AlgerialaunchesOrego-Stim®

8 AQUACULTUREUPDATES9 GoodnewsforMediterraneanhatcheries9 Theproblemofdeformitiesinseabassandseabreamcansoonhaveasolution9 CermaqfirstintheSeafoodIntelligenceglobalsurveyon

communicationofsustainabilityforthesecondtime

Features

10 Theuseofalgaeinfishfeedsasalternativestofishmeal

14 GustorAquaandEcobiolAqua:-enhancingdigestioninadifferentmanner36Enzymestoimprovewaterandsoilqualityinaquacultureponds

18 Fishmeal&fishoilanditsroleinsustainableaquaculture

22 Optionsandchallengesofalternativeproteinandenergyresourcesforaquafeed

22 TheBIoMarineBusinessConvention

Regular items

8 THEAQUACULTURISTS26 PHOTOSHOOT28 EXPERTTOPIC-SHRIMP44 INDUSTRYEVENTS

Preview-OFFSHOREMARICULTURE2012 Preview-Aquasur2012

Review-Figap Preview-GlobalGAP49 CLASSIFIEDADVERTS50 THEAQUAFEEDINTERVIEW52 INDUSTRYFACES

WHO CARES...…If profits in the aquaculture industry are as appetising as a salmon dinner?

As feed prices soar and formulation moves towards sustainability, aquaculture producers must think differently to stay on the menu.

In all phases of the fish’s life, proper nutrition will improve health. With decades of dedicated research, the “Alltech Aqua Advantage” programme responds to the challenges of today’s aquaculture producers

through nutritional innovation, addressing issues such as growth and performance, feed efficiency, flesh quality and immunity.

So, when asked who cares about your profitability? Remember

DOES!

alltech.com | facebook.com/AlltechNaturally | @Alltech

Silver sponsor of

Visit us at stand #4

www.perendale.co.uk

EditorProfessorSimonDaviesEmail: [email protected]

Associate EditorsProfessorKrishenRanaEmail: [email protected]

AliceNealEmail: [email protected]

Editorial Advisory Panel•Abdel-FattahM.El-Sayed(Egypt)•ProfessorAntónioGouveia(Portugal)•ProfessorCharlesBai(Korea)•ColinMair(UK)•DrDanielMerrifield(UK)•DrDominiqueBureau(Canada)•DrElizabethSweetman(Greece)•DrKimJauncey(UK)•EricDeMuylder(Belgium)

•DrPedroEncarnação(Singapore)

Subscription & CirculationTutiTanEmail: [email protected]

Design & Page LayoutJamesTaylorEmail: [email protected]

International Marketing Team

DarrenParrisEmail: [email protected]

LeeBastinEmail: [email protected]

Latin American Office

IvànMarquettiEmail: [email protected]

More information: International Aquafeed7 St George's Terrace, St James' SquareCheltenham, GL50 3PT United Kingdom

Tel: +44 1242 267706Website: www.aquafeed.co.uk

Iwritethiseditorialwithinthebusiestmonthwithmanyinternationalvisitsandmeetingsinprogress.IndeedIhavereturnedfromtheVIVeventinBeijing,ChinawithaPerendaleteam including Roget Gilbert who arranged mykeynote talk on‘Aquaculture Nutrition and the

ApplicationofNewEmergingTechnologies’.

This was a very large event, which incorporated acomprehensive trade show covering most productionspeciesandalsofishandcrustaceans.Ishallbereportingindetailforthenextissueofthemagazineonthisevent.I am also attending the BIOMIN nutrition Forum inSingapore this October and the prestigious BioMarineBusinessConventioninLondon.

Asevermy students aremost important tomeand Ihave a new generation of students in Plymouth withsomeembarkingontheirmastersdegreeinSustainableAquacultureaswellasseveralPhDDoctoralFellowsfromtheUK,NigeriaandPakistan.

SustainabilityisatheheartofourmissionhereinPlymouthandthisisreflectedinourvariousresearchactivitieswhichcoverworkonalternativeproteins,energy ingredients,oils and traceelements.

InChinamuchwasmadeofexogenousenzymesassupplementstoenhancedigestionofdifficultplantcomponentstoimprovetheirnutritionalvalue,reducewasteandassociatedenvironmentalimpacts.

This issue of International Aquafeed magazine is informative of individual topical areas andimprovesourspeciessectionwhichfocusesandshrimpaswellasourregularfeaturesongeneralnutrition,feedtechnologyandmanagement.

Featuresinclude,areviewoftheroleoffishmealandfishoilinsustainableaquaculture,thevarioususesofalgaeinfishfeeds,enhancingdigestionusingdietarysupplements

Inthenextissue,Iwillbereportingontheupcominginternationalmeetingsandmuchmore.

Enjoyyourreading!

Professor Simon Davies

Croeso (Welcome in Welsh)

September-October 2012 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | 3

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The 21st printed edition

OUT NOW

GFMTissupportingtwoeventsinIndiaoverthenextsixmonths-oneexhibitionandoneconference.

ISRMAXIndia2012isoneofthelargestplatformsaddressingtheneedsoftheglobalrice,grainandaquacultureindustriesinIndia;acountrywithagrowingfoodrequirementfromits1.2billionpeople.ItwillbeheldinNewDelhifromDecember13-15,2012attheIERIGround,PusainNewDelhi.

2012ISRMAX

ApplicationsopenforMScSustainableAquacultureSystemsatPlymouthUniversity

Theone-yearprogrammeprovides knowledgeofthegrowingaquaculture

industry fromamulti-discipli-nary approachwithemphasison sustainable useof aquaticandmarineresourcesforcom-mercial exploitation for foodandproducts.

The scientific rationale forimproving aquatic animalhealth, product ion andreducing environmentalimpact, as well as socio-economic factors will beaddressed.

For more informationcontact the postgraduateadmissions officeTel: +441752 585858 email: [email protected]

Best-sellingauthorsofMegatrendsunveiledasguestspeakersattheWorldNutritionForum2012

Internationalbest-sellingauthor,JohnNaisbitt,andtheDirectorof theNaisbittChina Institute

inTianjin, Doris Naisbitt, willdelivertheirguestspeechonDayOneof the5thWorldNutritionForuminSingapore.

With less than three monthsuntil the doors open on one ofthe world’s most sought-afterevents in the animal nutritionindustry, theWorld Nutrition

Forum 2012, BIOMIN hasannounced the attendance ofDoris and John Naisbitt, authorsof international bestsellers suchasMegatrendsandMindSet.

Based on the research of theNaisbitt China Institute, Johnand Doris Naisbitt are currentlyworkingonananalysisofChina’skeyeconomic,culturalandpoliticaltransformations and their impacton the global business landscape.

Thiswillalsobethetopicoftheirguest speech on the first day oftheWorldNutritionForum.

JohnandDorisNaisbittwilljoinalistofover40industryexpertsalready confirmed to speak atthe World Nutrition Forum,including John Gilbert (FoodlifeInternational,UK),BartonS.Borg(Murphy Brown LLC, USA),Jul ian Madely (InternationalEgg Commission, UK),WentzelGelderblom (PROMEC, SouthAfrica),andmanymore.

The congress will be attendedby more than 700 industry rep-resentatives and opinion leadersfrom all over theworld, openingthefloortochallengingdiscussionsonandaround“NutriEconomics®:Balancing Global Nutrition &Productivity”.

Professor Simon Davies willbe representing InternationalAquafeed magazine at theevent.

www.worldnutritionforum.info

Professor Simon Davies


Aqua News

Aquat iv, the lead ingproducer of functionalHydrolyzate for the

aquafeed, just started newoper-ations forTilapia Hydrolyzatein Costa Rica and shr impHydrolyzate in Ecuador.Thesewill produce both liquid andspray dried powder respectivelyfrom farmed tilapia and shrimps.In parallel AQUATIV has alsosigned a strategic alliance with aNorwegiancompany toproducekrillfunctionalHydrolyzate.

GeorgeMarco,AquativDirector,said,“AQUATIVhasalready fine-tuned the hydrolysis process for

tuna, sardine, squid, currentlyproducedrespectivelyinitsplantsinThailand, Brazil, Mexico andArgentina.Thesenewoperationswill bring to themarket awiderrange of functional Hydrolyzatefrom both Aquaculture andmarine origin, to best matchwitheachmarket&specieneedsfor an optimum feed perform-ance. Our raw material sourcingis secured thru the partnershipwith the raw material supplierwhich guarantees a consistentsupply and price stability to ourcustomers. Inaddition,ourfacto-ries alwaysmeetDIANAGroup

standards in terms ofquality&traceability.

“What is interestingwith this new product isthatweareusingaquacul-ture rawmaterialswhichmean that the concernwith fish-in fish out orFIFO, will be addressedwhen needed”, addedGeorgeMarco.

For the krill, Aquativhas formed a strategicalliance with OlympicSeafoodAS,aNorwegianseafoodcompanyownedby Olympic Group,located on the West

CoastofNorway.Thegrouphasone of the four licences for theharvestingofkrillintheAntarcticand is Friend of the Sea (FOS)certified.

GeorgeMarco,AquativDirector,said,“OLYMPIC is the sole krillprocessing player offering anonboard hydrolysis technology.Therefore, itwasanaturalmovetoapproachOLYMPICandformthis strategic alliance where webring our scientific & marketingresources to produce and sellfunctional Hydrolyzate from krillfor the feedmarket.Rather thanjust a protein concentrate, wehave now developed together afunctional product in a concen-trate form with bioactive com-ponents”

Functional Hydrolyzate is anew generation of ingredientsproduced through the hydrol-ysis of fresh marine raw mate-rials.They are currently used at2-10 percent in diets, dependingonthefeedsegment.

They have been shown to berelatively new nutritional toolsin health management of fishand marine shrimp thanks tothe bioactive compounds gen-erated by the enzymatic hydrol-ysis. In addition to the bioac-

tivity, thesehaveproperties suchas better digestibility and palat-ability. With the higher levels ofpeptides and free amino acids,hydrolysates are categorised asfunctionalfeedingredients.Ideally,thesehaveaddedvalueforfeedsbyimprovingthefishandshrimphealth therefore lowering themortality.Theenzymaticdigestionoftherawmaterialimprovesthenutrientsdigestibilityandpeptideavailability increasing feed assimi-lationandattractiveness.

“The message that we haveconveyed atWorldAquaculture2012conferenceandtradeshow,isthatbesidesdevelopingawiderange of functional Hydrolyzatewe are today the sole companyin this industry demonstratingourproductbioactivity in regardwith the feed performanceand farming productivity”, saysGeorgeMarco.

In a paper presented at theconference, DrVincent Fournier,AQUATIVR&DDirectordetailedtrials conductedwithhydrolysatesfromkrill,tilapiaandshrimpfocusingonbioactivitybenefits.Thesehavebeen used in feeds where theeffects include reduction in stressandmortalityrates.

www.aquativ-diana.com

AQUATIVlaunchestwooperationsandsignsstrategicalliancestooffermarineHydrolyzate

BioMarcelebrates50thbirthdayatAQUA2012

Irmgard Lorenzen, International Marketing Coordinator, Michal Sterba, Sales Manager of BioMar in the Czech Republic, Gioia Guarracino, International Marketing Coordinator, and Torben Svejgaard, CEO of the BioMar Group before cutting the cake.

ForfishfeedmanufacturerBioMar,AQUA2012,heldinPrague,CzechRepublicinSeptember, was a double celebration.

Firstly, the company presented the resultsof its collaborative research with Lallemand

aimedatreducingtheincidenceandlevelsofdeformitiesinseabassandseabreamlarvae.Secondly, staff at the event found time tocommemorate thecompany’s50thbirthdaywithasuitablygrandcake.

4 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | September-October 2012

Aqua News


90, 000,000tonnes-Globalcaptureproduction,whichhasremainedsteadysince2001.

34,600,000milliontonnes-Globalaquacultureproductionin2001.

59,900,000tonnes-Globalaquacultureproductionin2010.

6.3%-Theaveragegrowthrateofaquacultureproduction.

US$119.4 billion-Theestimatedvalueofglobalaquacultureproductionin2010.

4,300,000tonnes-Theamountofgrasscarpproducedannually–themosthighlyproducedanimalspeciesbyquantity.

US$11.3billion-Theannualvalueofwhitelegshrimpproducedbyaquaculturein2010-thehighestvalueofallspecies.

95.5%-Theshareofseaweedsandotheraquaticalgaeproducedbyaquaculturein2010.

Source: FAO Yearbook

NUMBERSAquaculture

Total global fish produc-tion, including bothwild capture fish andaquaculture, reached an

all-time high of 154 million tonsin2011,andaquaculture is set totop 60 percent of production by2020, according to new researchconducted by the WorldwatchInstitute (www.worldwatch.org)for itsVital Signs Online service.Wild capture was 90.4 milliontons in 2011, up 2 percent from2010.Aquaculture, incontrast,hasbeen expanding steadily for thelast 25 years and saw a rise of6.2 percent in 2011,write reportauthors Danielle Nierenberg andKatieSpoden.

"Growth in fish farming canbe a double-edged sword," saidNierenberg,co-authorofthereportand Director of Worldwatch'sNourishing the Planet project."Despite itspotential to affordablyfeed an ever-growing global pop-ulation, it can also contribute toproblems of habitat destruction,wastedisposal, invasionsof exoticspecies andpathogens, anddeple-tionofwildfishstock."

Humans ate130.8million tonsof fish in 2011.The remaining23.2million tons of fishwent tonon-foodusessuchasfishmeal,fishoil, culture, bait, andpharmaceuti-cals.Thehumanconsumptionfigurehasincreased14.4percentoverthelast fiveyears.Andconsumptionoffarmed fishhas risen tenfold since1970, at an annual averageof 6.6percent per year.Asia consumestwo thirds of the fish caught orgrownforconsumption.

The fish sector is a source ofincomeandsustenanceformillionsof people worldwide.Accordingto theUNFood andAgricultureOrganization, foreveryone job inthe fish sector, three to four addi-tional jobs are produced in sec-ondary activities, such as fishprocessing,marketing,maintenanceof fishing equipment, and otherrelated industries.Andonaverageeach person working in the fishsector is financially responsible forthreedependents. In combination,then, jobs in theprimaryand sec-

ondaryfishsectorssupportthelive-lihoodsof660millionto820millionpeople -10-12 percent of globalpopulation.

AlthoughAfricaisonlythefourthlargestproduceroffishintheworld,itswaterresourcesarehighlysoughtafter by larger, more-competitivefishingtrawlers.Extremeoverfishingoccurswhen foreign trawlersbuyfishing licenses fromAfrican coun-triesformarinewateruse. InWestAfricanwaters,foreigntrawlersposeathreatbecausefactoryshipsfromtheUnitedKingdom,other coun-trieswithin the EuropeanUnion,Russia, andSaudiArabia canout-compete the technologiesusedbylocalfishers.InSenegal,forexample,alocalfishercancatchafewtonsoffisheachday in the typical30-footpirogue. In contrast, factory shipsfrom industrial countries catchhundreds of tons daily in their10,000-tonfactoryships.

Wild fishstocksareatadanger-ouslyunsustainable level.Asof2009 (the most recent yearwithdata),57.4percentoffish-eries were estimated to befullyexploitedmeaningcurrentcatches were at or close totheir maximum sustainableyield,withnoroomforfurtherexpansion. Of the remainingfisheriesinjeopardy,around30percentweredeemedoverex-ploited,whilealittlelessthan13percentwereconsideredtobenotfullyexploited.

A number of governmentinitiativesgivesomehopetoafutureofsustainablefishing.IntheUnitedStates, theMagnuson-Stevens Act mandated thatoverfished stocksbe restored;asof 2012, two-thirdsofU.S.stocksarefishedsustainablyandonly17percent are fished atoverexploited levels. InNewZealand,69percentof stocksareabovemanagementtargets,butAustraliaonly reports 12percentofstocksatoverexploi-tation levelsdue to increasedgovernmentfisherystandards.

Tomaintainthecurrentlevelof fish consumption in theworld,aquaculturewillneedtoprovideanadditional23million

tons of farmed fish by 2020.Toproducethisadditionalamount,fishfarmingwillalsohavetoprovidethenecessaryfeedtogrowtheomniv-orous and carnivorous fish thatpeoplewant.Aquaculture isbeingpressuredtoprovidebothfoodandfeedbecauseoftheoceans'overex-ploitedfisheries.

Continually increasing fish pro-duction, from both aquacultureand fisheries, raisesmanyenviron-mentalconcerns.Ifaquaculturecon-tinues togrowwithoutconstraints,itcould leadtodegradationof landandmarinehabitats,chemicalpollu-tion from fertilizers andantibiotics,the negative impacts of invasivespecies,andalessenedfishresistancetodiseaseduetocloseproximityandintensivefarmingpractices.Topreventtheseproblems,policymakers,fishers,andconsumersneed to findalter-nativesources for fish feed,combatillegal fishing, encouragemore-sus-tainable practices in aquaculture,acknowledgethepotentialeffectsofclimatechangeon theoceans, andthinkcriticallyaboutwhatandhowmuchfishtoconsume.

Further highlights from the report:

• In 2011, inland aquacultureincreased6.2percenttoreach44.3milliontons,whilemarineaquaculture increased 6.6percent,to19.3milliontons.

• Fish production rose 6.4percent inAsia in 2010 (thelatest yearwith regionaldata),amounting to 121.3 milliontons.In2010,Europe,adistantsecond,produced9.7percent(16.4milliontons)oftheglobalfishsupply.

• In 2010, some 54.8 millionpeopleweredirectlyengagedfull-timeorpart-timeincapturefisheriesoraquaculture.

About the Worldwatch Institute:

Worldwatch is an independentresearch organization based inWashington, D.C. that works onenergy,resource,andenvironmentalissues.The Institute's Stateof theWorld report ispublishedannuallyinmorethan18languages.

www.worldwatch.org

AquacultureFeedingWorld'sInsatiableAppetiteforSeafood

SPA

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http://www.aquafeed.co.uk/edicion-espanola

EDICIONESPANOLA

4 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | September-October 2012 September-October 2012 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | 5

Aqua News

BestAquaculturePracticesgainsfirsttwo-starsalmonoperationinSouthernHemisphere

The global nature of theBest Aquaculture Practicesprogram recently grew

with the BAP certification of thefirst two-star salmon facility in theSouthern Hemisphere. In combina-tionwithitspreviouslycertifiedfarms,the July 23, 2012 BAP certificationof Salmones Camanchacas salmon-processing plant in Tome, Chile,established the company's vanguardtwo-starstatus.

"Chileisatrulymajorsalmon-pro-ducing region, so it is exciting forusto recognizeCamanchaca'smultiplecertifications," BAPVicePresidentofDevelopment Peter Redmond said."Thisachievementrepresentsitscon-siderablecontinuedeffortstocomplywith theBAP standards forenviron-mentalandsocialresponsibility."

Camanchacaprocesses anddistrib-utesfreshandfrozensalmonfilletsandportionsinavarietyofsizesandspec-ificationsundertheCamanchacaandPier33brandnames.Withamonthlyprocessing capacity of nearly 5,000metric tons, its 8,200-square-meterplant is supported by over 9,600squaremetersoffreezerstorage.

CamanchacahasfourBAP-certifiedsalmon farms located near PuertoMontt, Los Lagos Region, Chile. ItsLicha,ChonosandMañihueicoFarmscompletedauditsinJuly.Thefarmunitstypicallyharvest4,000metrictonsofsalmonpercycle.

Three additional farms are sched-uled for certification inAugust in aplan to have all active farming sitescertified before the end of 2012,Camanchaca Corporate Marketingand Planning Director Igal Neimansaid.Thecompanyalsoplanstoworkwith BAP-certified feed suppliersand to certify its own hatchery inPetrohue,LosLagosRegion.

"Camanchacahasastrongcommit-menttokeepourqualitystandardsatthehighestpossiblelevel,whilesimul-taneously caring for the sustainabilityof our activities,"Neiman said. "TheBAPstandardsarehighlyappreciatedand valued by consumers, retailersand foodservice operators world-wide."


The Industry

view

AQUACULTURE

Commercial aquaculture nutrition and commercial feed formulation

by Dominique P Bureau, member of the IAF Editorial Panel

Introductory note

Myfavoritepartsofscientificmeetingsorindustryworkshopsarethecoffeebreaks!Theyareagreatopportunitytointeractwithindustryprofessionalsandcolleaguestodiscussthediffer-enttalks,exchangeperspectivesandgatherinformationaboutemergingchallenges.Asanacademic,Ilovegettinghonestfeedbackfromprofessionalsworkingintherealworldtohelpshapemyresearchpro-grammeandkeepitintunewiththeneedsoftheindustry.

IamverygladtohavebeenapproachedbytheeditorialteamofInternationalAquafeedtodevelopacolumnon‘Commercialaquaculturenutri-tionandfeedformulation’foreachissueofthemagazine.Themaingoalofthiscolumnwillbetobrieflydiscussnutritionalandfeedformulationissuesofimportancetoaquaculturefeedmanufacturersandaquacultureproducersandhopefullyinitiateaninformaldialoguebetweenacademicresearchersandindus-tryprofessionals.

Iwillattempttobringinsightsacquiredthroughworkingattheinterfaceofacademicandcommercialaquaculturenutri-tionandfeedformulationforseveralyears.Therewillbenopromotionofproducts(isn'tthereenoughofthatalready?).Instead,thiscolumnwillfocusonconcepts,recentprogress,potentialsolutions,andthegapsinourknowledgeandR&Dneeds.

Pleasedon'thesitatetosendmeideas,suggestions,andques-tionsthatmayhelpkeepthiscolumnfactual,informativeandrelevanttotheneedsoftheaquacultureandfeedindustries.

DomBureau

[email protected]

Rethinking fishmeal and fish oil replacement terminology and R&D efforts

Highandrisingfishmealandfishoilpricesrepresentsignificantchallengesforaquaculturefeedmanufacturersandhaveasizeableimpactontheproductioncostsofmanyaquacultureproducts.LargerandhighlyspecialisedaquaculturefeedmanufacturersmayhavetheR&Dcapabilitiestoaddressthischallengebutsmalleronesorthoseworkingonavarietyofspeciesandproductionenvironmentsmainlyrelyonsci-entificandtechnicalliteratureandfocusedR&Defforts.

Fishmealandfishoilreplacementinaquaculturefeedshasbeenthefocusofthousandsofscientificstudiesandhundredsofpapershavebeenpublishedonthisissueoverthepastfourdecades.Despitethesedecadesofinten-siveresearcheffort,bothfishmealandfishoilremainveryimportant,quasiessential,componentsofmostcommercialaquaculturefeeds.Itismybeliefthatthestate-of-the-artislessadvancedthanitshouldbeandthanwhatrequiredbytheaquaculturefeedindustry.

Itisunfortunatethattheresultsofalargeproportionofthestudiesareverydifficulttotranslateintopracticalsolutionsinthefield.Howmeaningfulisknowingthat‘aproteinsourcecanreplace50percentofthefishmealofthediet’iftheexperimentalfeedscontainedatleast25percentfish-mealwhereasmostcommercialfeedsnowcontainlowerlevelsthatthis?Acertaindegreeoffish-mealreplacement(50or75%fishmealreplacement)isabsolutely

meaninglesswithoutknowingtheleveloffishmealinthecon-troldiet,thequalityofthefishmealbeingreplacedandcarefulcharacterisationofthenutritionalcompositionanddigestibilityofnutrientsinthe‘alternative’ingre-dientstudied.Moreover,feedformulationreliesonacombina-tionofnumerouscomplementaryingredients(nutrientsources)andassuch,thefishmealreplacementofagivenproteinsourcealoneislargelyirrelevant.

Aquaculturenutritionresearchersoftentendtoforgetthat‘fishmeal(andfishoil)replacement’isnotatrue‘parameter’initself.Ideally,thistypeofantiquatedterminol-ogyshouldbeabandoned.R&Deffortsshouldideallybealotmorepragmaticandfocuson‘whattheanimalrequires’and‘howcanwecost-effectivelyandsafelymeettherequirementsoftheanimals’.Progressisthereforehighlydependentona‘balanced’understandingofthenutritionalrequirementsoftheanimalsandnutritivevalueandlimitationsofdifferentfeedingredientsandfeedadditivesavailableonthemarket.

Increasingcollaborationbetweenfeedmanufacturers,ingredientsuppliers,fishproducers,andresearchorganisationshasbeeninstrumentalinimprovingthequalityandrelevanceoffishnutritionresearchinthepastfewdecades.

Manyaquaculturefeedmanu-facturersareinvestingheavilyinR&Dactivitiesandhaveestab-lishedtheirownresearchfacilitiestotesttheircommercialfeedformulations,determinetheeffectoffeedcomposition/nutritionalspecificationsandfeedingredientsongrowthandfeedefficiencyofanimalsgrownundercommercial-likeconditions.Thishasprobablyresultedinimprovementofthecost-effectivenessofthefeedsavailabletoaquacultureproduc-ers.However,limitedamountofinformationfromtheseeffortstricklesdowntotheglobalaquaculturenutritioncommunitysincetheinformationgeneratedisgenerallyproprietaryandiscloselyguardedfrompublicdisclosureforcompetitiveadvantage.

Nonetheless,ahealthy,arm-length,relationshipwithdifferentindustrystakeholderscantrulyhelpcommercialrelevanceofacademicresearcheffortsinaqua-culturenutritionandhelpthisfieldmeaningfullyprogresstoaddresscurrentandfuturechallenges,includingthoserelatedtofishmealandfishoilreplacement.

NovusInternational,Inc.istosponsorthe2012NovusWor ld Aquaculture

Society (WAS) Internshipprogram.

Culture of low-cost fresh-waterfish(carp,tilapiaorcatfish) israpidly expandingworldwide andprovides a tremendousopportu-nity toprovidehigh-quality animalprotein for feeding growingworldpopulations.Asproductionexpands,pricepressureshave increasedongrowers,demanding improvedeffi-ciencies.Tobe considered for theinternship,Novusaskforaproposalthatincludesthefollowing:

• Suggest anexperimentwhichwill test a technology aimedat providing alternatives forfeed producers which canhelp reduceproductioncoststhrough increasedproductivity,growthand/orfeedconversionefficiencieswhilecontrollingorreducingfeedcost.

• Provide a background litera-ture review that focuses onthemodeofactionbehindtheexperimentalhypothesis.

Proposals to be submitted byNovember15,2012describinganinnovative testableproposal in thearea described above. Proposals

shouldbe limited to twoto threetypewrittenpagesplus references.Aone-pageCVof the candidateshouldbeattachedtotheproposal.Applicant must be enrolled in aUniversityMScorPhDprogramatthetimeofapplication.

TheselectionoftheNovusinternwill be announcedatAquaculture2013inNashville,TN.Adigitalpho-tographoftheinternwillbeneededfortheannouncement.

Following the selection, the four-week internshipwill be scheduledfrom June toAugust, 2013.TheinternwillworkwithTheNovusAquacultureResearch teamon acurrentprojectbeingcarriedoutattheNovusAquaResearchCenterin

Vietnam.Vietnamisthethirdlargestaquaculture-producing countryin the world. Our NovusAquaResearchCenter is integrally con-nectedtotheaquaindustryandwillallowtheinterntolearnaboutandexperienceaquaculture inVietnamthroughinteractionswiththeNovusresearchandoperationsteams.

Theawardwillinclude:• Travel to and from Ho Chi

MinhCity,Vietnam•LodginginauniversitystudentdormitoryinVietnamduring the intern-ship • $1,000 to help withlivingexpensesinVietnam

Submit proposals by email toLorraineMagneyatNovus:[email protected]

2012NovusWASInternshipChallenge

Or e g o - S t i m ® w a srecently launched at atrade show inAlgeria

by Meriden’s distributor,VAPC.Meriden staff visitedAlgeria topresent toproduct tonumerousvet consultants, before attending

the tradeshowtohelpwith thelaunch.

Orego-Stim® is the100percentnatural feed additive/flavour usedglobally in thedietsof avarietyofcommercial livestock species toenhanceandmaximiseoverallper-

formance, increasing financial returns.Orego-Stim®notonly improvesthefunctioningofthegut,butisrenownedforotherinterestingproperties.

WilliamStewart,RegionalSalesManager for NorthAfrica, said:‘The launch of Orego-Stim inAlgeria has been a huge successandwewereoverwhelmedwith

howbusy the standwas for thethreedaysof theshow. Wearesure thatOrego-Stim isgoing toplayakeyroleinmaximisingper-formance inallaspectsofanimalproductionintheregion.’

More inforMation:[email protected]

AlgerialaunchesOrego-Stim®


Aqua News

Providing proficient tools to achieve cost-effective and sustainable aquaculture practices

ECOBIOL Aquaa highly effective single strain probiotic

GUSTOR Aquaa natural growth promoter

BIOMET Aquaan organic mineral source

NOREL,S.A. • Jesús Aprendiz, 19, 1º A y B • 28007 Madrid (SPAIN)Tel. +34 91 501 40 41 • Fax +34 91 501 46 44 • www.norel.es

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AN. REV. 90X132.indd 1 02/08/11 13:13

Aqua News


SummerisusuallyatimeforabitofrestandrelaxationbutnotsoattheAquaculturists.SomeofustravelledtoPragueforAQUA2012andalsomanagedtosqueezeina

fewsitevisitsonthewayhome.ThoseofusleftintheUKdodgedthewetweatherandgorgedonasummerofsportontv.

Asautumnapproaches,wearepreparing for a stringofevents includingVIVChina and the World Nutrition Forum in Singapore. As ever, we’ll be there,notebookinhandreadytoreport,TweetandblogaseventsunfoldsobesuretochecktheAquaculturistsforthelatestnews.

Overontheblog,aseveralthemeshavedominatedthesummer:

The weatherItisnotjusttheagricultureindustrywhichissufferingfromtheUSMidwest

drought.ThefailureofcropshasleadtoaspikeinfeedpriceswhichisputtingthepressureoncatfishfarmersinMississippi.http://bit.ly/NAv028

• Typhoon Helen caused havoc at fish farms in the Philippines http://bit.ly/TReTkb

• The2012MarineClimateChangeinAustraliaReportCardfoundthatclimatechange ishavingan impactonthecountry'smarineecosystemshttp://bit.ly/OpNHnK

Sustainability• TheWorldFishCenterandBangladeshShrimpandFishFoundationsigneda

memorandumofunderstandingforjointactivitiesforthegrowthofsustain-ableaquaculturehttp://bit.ly/PyEHNe

• HealthseafoodcomesformsustainablesourcessaysArizonaStateUniversityhttp://bit.ly/QErY2o

• AreportbyUCSantaBarbara'sNationalCenterforEcologicalAnalysisandSynthesis on the murky distinction between what consumers traditionallythinkofas'wild'or'farmed'fishprovedverypopularwithblogreadershttp://bit.ly/P6VmNP

Disease• AttheendofJuly,wereportedonfreshdiseaseoutbreaksatshrimpfarmsin

Vietnamhttp://bit.ly/O7EUf5

• WhileatthestartofAugustastoryaboutemergingeyediseaseintilapiainIsraelhttp://bit.ly/MYCbmP

• Incidentsof the INHvirus continued tobe reported at sites acrossBritishColumbia,Canadahttp://bit.ly/MM8p5z

www.theaquaculturists.blogspot.com

The Aquaculturist

Aregularlookinsidetheaquacultureindustry

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UPDATESNutreco has announced that theconversion ratio of the interim stockdividend has been determined.This willamountto1newordinaryshareforevery97existingordinary shares.Basedon theaverage weighted price of 8, 9 and 10August 2012 of EUR 57.92 1/97th sharerepresents a value of EUR 0.597, whichis virtually equal to the gross dividend incashofEUR0.60perordinaryshare.Boththecashdividendandstockdividendweremade payable to shareholders onAugust16,2012.

TheFreeTradeAgreementFundplanstodevelop Thai fish products in localcommunit ies repor ts The Nat ionnewspaper. Thescheme,whichwill focusongourami,comesamidgrowingconcernthat thedomesticmarket is under threatfromcheaperforeignimports.

Chinese f isheries are to receivegovernment relief after 150 ton plasticpellet spill. Plastic pellets have beenfoundinthebodiesoffishinHongKong'ssouthernwatersafterTyphoonVicentehitinJuly2012.

AfarmerinAustraliaplanstoraiseeelsinpaddyfieldsreportsABCRural.Accordingtothearticle,theeelswillliveinthepaddyfor fourmonths andwon'tposea threattoexistingwildlife.

The first commercial seaweed farm iscomingtoLongIslandSound,Connneticut,USA. Seaweed and kelp are the edibleby-products of decades of work by theUniversityofConnecticuttoridthewatersofnitrogen.

Coimex is to build a new surimiprocessingplantinVietnam.Thisyear,theCoimexsiteinRachGiadistrict,KienGiangprovincewill havea total capacityof100mtofrawmaterialperday.

The Scottish Fishermen's Federationclaims a report by the New EconomicsFoundationandOCEAN2012ismisleadingand jeopardises the future if the industry.ThereportdescribedtheEuropeanUnionfishstocksasbeinginapoorstate.

The Bureau of Fisheries andAquaticResources (BFAR) is to provide helpfor flood affected Philippine fish farmers.BFAR will contribute fingerlings, fishingparaphernalia, and appropriate livelihoodassistance.

Canadian lobstermen protest over USimports. According to a report in theHuffington Post, fishermen in NewBrunswick are unhappy over the importof low-priced lobsters from Maine whichare driving down prices for home-growncrustaceans.

SeafoodIntelligencehasreleasedabenchmarkof the sustaina-bilityreportingofthe36largest

salmon farmingcompanies globally.The companies were ranked andassessedagainstmorethan200indi-catorsandprinciples.Themainratingfactorswerecomprehensiveness,rel-evanceand frequencyof reporting.Cermaq, including its farmingdivisionMainstream, was number one inall three factorsandwasrankedasnumberoneoverallwithatotalscoreof7.19outof10.

"Through transparent reporting

we tell openly about our sustain-ability results and inviteour stake-holderstomakeuptheirownopinion.Transparentreportingisthebestbasisfordialoguewith stakeholdersandcontinuousimprovement.Iencourageeveryone to lookatour reportingand results at www.report2011.cermaq.com,"saysCermaqCEOJonHindar.

Cermaq'slargestshareholderistheNorwegianMinistryof IndustryandTrade.TheNorwegiangovernmenthasclearexpectations thatcompa-nieswithstateownershipshouldbe

leading insocial responsibilitywithintheirindustriesandintheirareas.

"ItisverygoodnewsthatCermaqfor thesecondyearhasbeenratedasno1oftheworld'sleadingfarmingand feedproducers in thebench-mark reportaboutcommunicationofthecompany'ssocialresponsibility.It ismyhopethatCermaq'ssustain-abilityreportcanbeaninspirationforothers,"saysMinisterofIndustryandTradeMr.TrondGiske.

Cermaq's integrated annual andsustainability report isbasedontheGlobalReporting Initiative(GRI),and

expandedwithcustomizedindicatorsforaspectswhereGRIdoesnothaveindicatorsforfishfarmingandfishfeedproduction,suchasmedicineuse,sealice,marine indexetc.Thereport isreviewedbyCermaq'sauditorsbasedonISEA3000asaGRIB+report.

"Comprehensivereportingrequiressystematic work and contributionfromallpartsofouroperations.Allemployeescanbeproudofthisrec-ognition,"underlinesJonHindar.

MainstreamCanada isoneof thelargest farmedsalmonproducers inCanada,with27seasites,fourhatch-eriesandtwoprocessingplants(oneundercontract).ItisheadquarteredinCampbellRiver,B.C.

www.mainstreamcanada.ca

CermaqfirstintheSeafoodIntelligenceglobalsurveyoncommunicationofsustainabilityforthesecondtime

The fish feed manufacturerBioMar and the producerof yeast and bacter ia

for feed applications LallemandAnimal Nutrition presented atthe AQUA 2012 Conferencein Prague the results of a longresearch collaboration aimed atreducingtheincidenceandlevelsofdeformitiesinseabassandseabreamlarvae.

The tr ial results presentedshowedthatdependingonfarmingconditions, 20 to 50 percentfewer deformities occurred infishlarvaefedfeed,containingthefeed additive, Pediococcus acidi-lactici MA18/5M.This probioticstrain, authorised in the EU foruse in certain aquaculture appli-cations and species since 2009,is routinely added to the rearingwater in the production of livepreyforfishlarvae.

However,asanadditionviadryfeed it seems to be more effi-cient in delivering the probioticbacteria to the gut of the fishlarvae. Since 2009, BioMar hasincluded Pediococcus acidilacticiMA18/5MaspartoftheINICIOPlus range of star ter feeds forsalmonids and has developed aspecial process to add the heatsensitive live bacteria in dr yfeed.

‘We still have to await EUapproval before we can applythis knowledge and launch an

upda t ed ve r s i onof our star ter andweaning feeds in theLARVIVA range con-taining this probi-oticforuseinmarineand other species. Ithas been a long andr i gorous process ,but good news ise x p e c t e d s o o n ’ ,says Michel Autin,Technical Director atBioMar West Med.He continues ‘I amvery optimistic thatthe approval will beobtained as resultsfrom smaller scalel abor ator y basedtr ia l s were repl i -cated in larger scalecommercial hatch-erieswithsimilarorevenbettereffectsondeformities’.

TheEU-approvalof theuseofthe probiotic strain, Pediococcusacidilactici CNCM MA18/5M, infeed for salmonids obtained in2009 was based on a well-doc-umented demonstration of thereduction of vertebral deform-ities in salmonids. However forthis approval to be extended toother species, additional doc-umentation needed to be pre-sentedtotheEFSA,andthiswasdonelastyear.

BioMarestimates that thecostof

fishdeformities tohatcheries in theMediterraneanareaamountstoover20–25millionEURperyear.

MichelAutin explains, that thecostestimaterelatesbothtothecostofthefishfry,whichhavetobediscardeddue to deformities,and to the cost of the repeatedhand sortingprocess. In additiontothiscomesthecostofdown-grading of additional fish whenthey have reached commercialsizes, if the deformities are notdetectedatthatearlierstage.

Theestimatedannualproductionof seabass and seabream fry in

theMediterranean is around900million.Up to 20 percent of theproduction is today discarded at0.5to2gduetodeformities.

‘Withacostpriceofaround20centsperfryevenaminorreduc-tion in the number of deform-ities will mean an enormouseconomicsavinginthehatcheriesand a reduced workload’, saysMichelAutin,whoalsoattributesimprovedfishwelfareasanaddi-tionalbenefitofusing larval feedcontainingPediococcusacidilacticiCNCMMA18/5M.

www.biomar.com

GoodnewsforMediterraneanhatcheriesTheproblemofdeformitiesinseabassandseabreamcansoonhaveasolution

Michel Autin (left), Technical Director for BioMar West Med with Mathieu Castex, Product Manager at Lallemand SAS presented the results of the research leading to the approval of Bactocell at the AQUA 2012 in Prague


Aqua News

Fishmeal is very extensively usedin feeds for fish as well as otheranimals. A recent global surveyestimatedaquacultureconsumption

of fishmeal at 3724 thousand tonnes in2006 (Tacon and Metian 2008). Now it isbecomingincreasinglyevidentthatsuchcon-tinuedexploitationof this natural resourcewillultimatelybecomebothenvironmentallyandeconomicallyunsustainable.

Any satisfactory alternative feed ingre-dients must be able to supply compara-ble nutritional value at competitive cost.Conventional land-based crops, especiallygrains and oilseeds, have been favouredalternativesduetotheirlowcosts,andhaveproved successful for some applicationswhen they were used as substitutes fora portion of the fishmeal. But even whenthese plant-based substitutescan support goodgrowth theycancausesignificantchangesinthenutritionalqualityofthefishproduced.

Why algae?Thereadermaywonderwhy

algae, includingbothmacroalgae(‘seaweeds’)andmicroalgae(e.g.phytoplankton), and which arepopularly thought of as ‘plants’,would be good candidates toserve as alternatives to fishmealin fish feeds. One fundamentalconsideration is that algae arethe base of the aquatic foodchains that produce the foodresources that fish are adapt-ed to consume. But often it isnot appreciated that the bio-chemical diversity among differ-ent algae can be vastly greaterthan among land plants, evenwhen ‘Blue-Green Algae’ (e.g.Spirulina), more properly calledCyanobacteria, are excluded

from consideration. This reflects the veryearlyevolutionarydivergenceofdifferentalgalgroupsinthehistoryoflifeonearth.Onlyoneof the many algal groups, the Green Algae,produced a line of descent that eventuallygaverisetoallthelandplants.Thereforeitcanbedifficulttomakemeaningfulgeneralisationsabout the nutritional valueof this extremelydiversegroupoforganisms;ratheritisneces-sary to consider the particular qualities ofspecificalgae.

Protein and amino acidsFishmeal is so widely used in feeds

largely thanks to its substantial contentof high-quality proteins, containing all theessential aminoacids.Acritical shortcom-ing of the crop plant proteins commonlyusedinfishfeedsisthattheyaredeficientin certain amino acids such as lysine,

methionine, threonine, and tryptophan (Liet al.2009),whereasanalysesoftheaminoacid content of numerous algae havefound that although there is significantvariation, they generally contain all theessentialaminoacids.Forexample,surveysof 19 tropical seaweeds (Lourenço et al.2002) and 34 edible seaweed products(Dawczynski et al. 2007) found that allspeciesanalysedcontainedalltheessentialaminoacids,andthesefindingsareconsist-ent with other seaweed analyses (Roselland Srivastava 1985, Wong and Peter2000,Ortizet al.2006).

Analysesofmicroalgaehave foundsimilarhigh contents of essential amino acids, asexemplified by a comprehensive study of40 species of microalgae from seven algalclassesthatfoundthat,“Allspecieshadsimilaraminoacidcomposition,andwererichinthe

essentialaminoacids”(Brownet al.1997).

TaurineOne often-overlooked

nutrient is the non-proteinsulphonic acid taurine, whichis sometimes lumped withamino acids in discussionsof nutrition. Taurine is usu-ally an essential nutrient forcarnivorousanimals, includingsomefish,but it isnot foundin any land plants. However,although taurine has beenmuch less often investigat-ed than amino acids, it hasbeen reported in significantquantities inmacroalgaesuchas Laminaria, Undaria, andPorphyra (Dawczynski et al.2007, Murata and Nakazoe2001) as well as certainmicroalgae, for example thegreen flagellate Tetraselmis(Al-Amoudia and Flynn1989),theredunicellularalga

The use of algae in fish feeds as alternatives to fishmeal

by Eric C. Henry PhD, Research Scientist, Reed Mariculture Inc., USA

table 1: nutritional profiles of rotifers enriched using optimized protocols based on culture using reed Mariculture rotiGrow Plus® and enriched with n-rich® feeds

n-rich® feed type High Pro® Pl Plus® Ultra Pl®

applications

Moderate PUFa;

overnight gut-load

maintenance

overnight or 2-6 hr

enrichment

extreme DHa 2 hr enrichment

Composition of Biomass

lipid (Dry wt. % of Biomass) 35% 44% 66%

DHa (% of lipids) 37% 41% 44%

ePa 5% 2% 0.5%

ara 1.0% 1.0% 1.2%

total PUFas 45% 45% 48%

Protein 38% 32% 18%

Carbohydrate 19% 15% 7%

ash 8% 9% 10%

Dry weight Biomass 9% 9% 9%


FEATURE


Porphyridium(FlynnandFlynn1992),thedino-flagellate Oxyrrhis (Flynn and Fielder 1989),andthediatomNitzschia(Jacksonet al.1992).

PigmentsA few algae are used as sources of pig-

mentsinfishfeeds.Haematococcusisusedtoproduceastaxanthin,which isresponsibleforthepinkcolourofthefleshofsalmon.Spirulinaisusedasasourceofothercarotenoidsthatfishessuchasornamentalkoicanconvert toastaxanthin and other brightly coloured pig-ments. Dunaliella produces large amounts ofbeta-carotene.

LipidsIn addition to its high content of high-

quality protein, fishmeal provides lipids richin ‘PUFAs’, or polyunsaturated omega-3 andomega-6 fatty acids. These are the ‘fish oil’lipidsthathavebecomehighlyprizedfortheircontributiontogoodcardiovascularhealth inhumans.But it isnotalwaysappreciatedthatalgaeatthebaseoftheaquaticfoodchaininfactoriginatethese‘fishoil’ fattyacids.Thesedesirable algal fatty acids are passed up thefoodchaintofish,andtheyareindeedessen-tialnutrientsformanyfish.

Algae have been recognised as anobvious alternative source of these ‘fishoil’ fatty acids for use in fish feeds (Milleret al. 2008), especially eicosapentaenoic

acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA),and arachidonic acid (ARA). There is asubstantial literature devoted to analysisof the PUFA content of microalgae, par-ticularlythoseusedinaquaculture,becausethey have long been recognised as thebest source of these essential nutrients

for production of zooplankton necessaryforthefirstfeedingoflarvalfish,aswellasfilter-feedingshellfish.

Many shellfish producers are awarethe sterolprofileof feed lipids isofcriti-cal importance, but much less attentionhas been paid to the importance of the

Macroalgae (seaweeds) of many kinds can form extensive stands with high biomass density


FEATURE

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Your challenge is our passion.MetAMINO® – The superior methionine source for your aquafeed.

sterol profile of fish feeds. Aside fromalterations in thenormal sterolprofileofthe fish, thepossibleendocrineeffectsofplant phytosterols in fish feeds (e.g. soyphytohormones) have yet to be thor-oughlyinvestigated(PickovaandMørkøre2007).

Use of algae in aquacultureMany different algae already play a vital

role in aquaculture. It is widely known thatthe addition of microalgae to larval fish

culture tanks confers a number of benefits,suchaspreventingbumpingagainstthewallsofthetanks(BattagleneandCobcroft2007),enhancing predation on zooplankton (Rochaet al.2008),enhancingthenutritionalvalueofzooplankton (Van Der Meeren et al. 2007),aswellas improving larvaldigestive(Cahuet al.1998)andimmune(Spolaoreaet al.2006)functions.

Furthermore, it has also been shownthat larvae of some fishes benefit greatlyby direct ingestion of microalgae (Reitanet al. 1997). One study has even shownthatthat livezooplanktoncouldbeelimi-natedfromthelarvaldietofRedDrumifmicroalgaewere fed alongwith a formu-lated microparticulate diet (Lazo et al.).

It is not surprising that the biochemicalcompositions of certain marine micro-algae are well-matched to the nutritionalrequirements some marine fish. Larvalfeedsareprobablydeservingof themostattentionineffortstodiscoverhowalgaecan best be used in fish feeds, becausemicroalgae are a natural component ofthe diet of many larval fish, either con-sumed directly or acquired from the gutcontents of prey species such as rotifersandcopepods.Existingprotocolsthatuse

microalgae to improve the PUFA profileof live prey (Table 1) demonstrate howeffectively an algal feed can enhance thenutritionalvalueoftheselivefeeds.

Use of algae in formulated fish feeds

Variousspeciesofmacroalgaeandmicro-algae have been incorporated into fish feedformulations to assess their nutritional value,andmanyhavebeenshowntobebeneficial:ChlorellaorScenedesmus fedtoTilapia(Tartielet al. 2008);Chlorella fed to Korean rockfish(Baiet al. 2001);Undaria orAscophyllum fedtoSeaBream(Yoneet al.1986);Ascophyllum,Porphyra,Spirulina,orUlva fed toSeaBream(Mustafa and Nakagawa 1995); Gracilaria or

Ulva fed to European Sea Bass (Valenteet al. 2006); Ulva fed to Striped Mullet(Wassefet al. 2001);Ulva orPterocladia fed to Gilthead Sea Bream (Wassef et al.2005);Porphyra,oraNannochloropsis-IsochrysiscombinationfedtoAtlanticCod(Walkeret al.2009,2010).Unfortunately,it has rarely been possible to determinethe particular nutritional factors respon-sible for these beneficial effects, eitherbecausenoattemptwasmadetodoso,orpoordesignofthestudy.

Forexample,inoneofthefewstudiesthathasfocusedontheeffectsofsubsti-tutingalgalproteinforglutenprotein,thecontrol and all the test diets containedcaseinplusaddedmethionineand lysine,no analysis of the algal protein wasprovided,andthealgalprotein(abiofuelprocess by-product) contained very highlevels of aluminium and iron (Husseinet al. 2012). More and better-designedstudiesarenecessarybeforewewillhave

agoodunderstandingofhowalgaecanbestbeusedinfishfeeds.

Choosing the right algaeOften the algae chosen for fish feeding

studies appear tohavebeen selected largelyfor convenience, because they are low-costand commercially available. For example,microalgae such as Spirulina, Chlorella andDunaliella canbeproducedbylow-costopen-pond technologies and are marketed as drypowders, and their nutritional profiles are

well-documented.Macroalgaesuchasthe‘kelps’ Laminaria, Undaria, and Durvillea,and the brown rockweed Ascophyllum,occur in dense stands that can be har-vestedeconomically,andtheyhavealonghistoryofuseassourcesofiodine,assoilamendments,andanimalfeedadditivestosupplytraceelements.

In recent years there has been greatinterest in the potential of algae as abiofuel feedstock, and it has often beenproposedthattheproteinportionremain-ingafterlipidextractionmightbeauseful

input foranimal feeds(e.g.Chenet al.2010).However,thealgaechosenforbiofuelproduc-tionmaynotbeoptimalforuseasafeedinput,andtheeconomicpressureforthelowest-costmethods of fuel production is likely to resultin protein residues with contamination thatmakesthemunfitforuseasfeed(e.g.Husseinet al.2012).

Bycontrast,thehigh-valuemicroalgaethatareusedinshellfishandfinfishhatcheriesaregenerallyproduced in closed culture systems to excludecontaminating organisms, and they cannot bedriedbeforeusewithoutadverselyaffectingtheirnutritionalandphysicalproperties,greatlyreduc-ingtheirvalueasfeeds.Inevitablytheirproductioncostsarehigher,buttheirexceptionalnutritionalvaluejustifiestheextraexpense.Table2presents

table 2: Because these algae are produced using continuous-harvest technology that maintains exponential growth, their protein and lipid contents are comparable to those provided by fish feeds.

(Dry Weight)nannochloropsis

oculatatetraselmis sp. Pavlova sp. Isochrysis

(t-Iso)thalassiosira weissflogii

Protein 52% 55% 52% 47% 52%

Carbohydrate 16% 18% 23% 24% 23%

lipid 17% 14% 20% 17% 14%

Various species of microalgae are used as aquaculture feeds, depending on the cell size and nutritional profile needed for particular applications


FEATURE


typical nutritional profiles of algae produced byReedMaricultureInc.

Justas itwouldbesenseless toarbitrarilysubstitute one conventional crop plant foranother (e.g. potatoes for soybeans) whenformulating a feed, the particular attributesof each alga must be carefully considered.Inaddition to theprotein/aminoacidprofile,lipid/PUFA/sterolprofile,andpigmentcontent,thereareimportantadditionalconsiderations.

The type and quantity of extracellularpolysaccharides,whichareveryabundantincer-tainalgae,caninterferewithnutrientabsorption,orconverselybeusefulbindingagentsinformingfeed pellets. The thick cell walls of microalgaesuchasChlorellacanpreventabsorptionofthenutritional valueof the cell contents. Inhibitorycompounds such as the phenolics producedby some kelps, and brominated compoundsproduced by red algae such as Laurencia, canrenderanalgawithanexcellentnutritionalanaly-sisunsuitableforuseina feed. Depending ongrowth and process-ing conditions, algaecan contain high con-centrations of traceelements that may bedetrimental.

Fur ther carefulstudy of the prop-

er ties of numer-ous algae will benecessary in ordertooptimallyexploitthe great potentialoffered by thisdiverse group oforganisms. But it isalready apparentthat algae will playan important partin the effor t tomove the formula-tion of fish feed“down the foodchain” to a moresustainablefuture.■

Referencesavailableonrequest

More inforMation:Eric C. Henry PhD, Reed Mariculture Inc.Tel: +1 408 426 5456Fax: +1 408 377 3498Email: [email protected]: www.reedmariculture.com


FEATURE

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Many leading aquafeed manufacturers in the industry count on Extru-Tech to engineer the perfect aquafeed production solution.

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ET-221A.indd 1 1/20/12 1:57 PM

The digestive system of fish andshrimp is sensitive and responsiveto a number of stressing factorsthatfrequentlyoccurandarecause

of disease and poor performance. In ordertolessenthenegativeimpactsofthoseandachieve sustainable, safe, and cost-efficientaquaculture production, nutritionists mustfocus not only on nutritional specificationsbut also on promoting digestive health. Insuch task, probiotics and organic acid saltshavearousedasnaturalsolutionsthatresultinimprovedhealthstatus,nutrientutilization,andconsequentlyperformance.

Inbothindustrialisedanddevelopingcoun-tries,nutritionplaysacritical role in thesus-taineddevelopmentofaquaculture,thuspar-ticularemphasisisbeingplacedonnutritionalstrategiesandtheireffectonhealth,perform-ance, and environmental integrity. While afirst nutritional approach is the increasinglyaccessible information on nutrient require-ments as well as on the more effective useof alternative and available ingredients, asecond approach is supplementation withnaturalgrowthpromoters(NGPs).NGPsnotonly providebenefits in termsof health andperformance but also do not bear any risk

regarding bacterial resistance or undesiredresiduesintheedibleproduct.

Itismoreandmorecommonbynutrition-ists to includeNGPs asorganic acid saltsorprobioticsintheaquafeedformula.Intheaimof optimising health and growth, both arecharacterized by the resultant enhancementofnutrientutilization,whichisinturnachievedbydifferentmechanismsofaction.

Gustor Aqua- an organic acid saltGustor Aqua contains sodium butyrate,

which has been proposed as candidatereplacement for antibiotics. Although theconsistency of the effects on performanceachievedbyantibiotics isdifficult toemulate,sodiumbutyrateprovidesantimicrobialactiv-itybesidesotherkeybenefitsthatgobeyondof those provided by antibiotics, such asenhanced development of intestinal epithe-liumand intestinalbarrier integrityaswell asanti-inflammatoryproperties.

Once in the gastrointestinal tract, sodiumbutyrate dissociates into butyric, which isstrongly lipophilic and capable to diffuseacross themembraneof gramnegativebac-teria (Gálfi and Bokori 1990), leading to adisruptionofthemetabolicprocessesandtheconsequent bacterial death. The subsequentreductioninthebutyricacidintolerantmicro-organismscontributestoadiminishedriskofsubclinical infectionsandnutrientdemandbythe gut-associated immune system, resultinginenhancedhealthstatus, lessnutrientcom-petition,andconsequentlybetterefficiencyintermsofnutrientutilisation.

Thestimulatoryeffectofbutyrateonintes-tinalepitheliumdevelopmenthasbeendem-onstratedinbothin vivo andin vitroconditions,

Gustor Aqua and Ecobiol Aqua: enhancing digestion in a different manner

by Waldo G. Nuez-Ortín (DVM, MSc) and Jorge Zarate Domínguez (Eng), Norel S.A, Spain

table 1: effect of dietary supplementation of GUStor aqua on performance parameters of catfish (P. hypohthalmus)

Initial weight (g) Weight gain (g) SGr (% day) FCr Per

Control 6.90a 37.56a 3.34a 1.65a 1.34a

GUStor aqua 6.75a 50.68b 4.32b 1.32b 1.81b

Gustor Aqua dosed at 0.5 kg/ton feed

Means with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (P<0.05) SGR: Specific growth rate / FCR: Feed conversion ratio / PER: Protein efficiency ratio

table 2: effect of dietary supplementation of GUStor aqua (protected) on digestibility and performance parameters of shrimp (P. monodon)

DMd (%) CPd (%) ed (%) Weigh gain (g) Survival (%) FCr

Control 64.90a 85.20a 78.10a 13.67 90 3.43GUStor aqua 72.46a 89.11b 83.26b 4.01 93 3.29

Gustor Aqua dosed at 1 kg/ton feed

Means with different superscripts in the same column are significantly different (P<0.05)

DMd: Dry matter digestibility / CPd: Crude protein digestibility / Ed: energy digestibility / FCR: Feed conversion ratio

Coefficients of digestibility were determined by the use of chromic oxide as an inert marker


FEATURE


elucidating greater epithelial cell proliferationwith the administration of sodium butyratewhen compared to other salts as sodiumacetate and sodium propionate (Sakata andTamata1978a,1979;Sakata1987).

In a study conducted in broilers, dietarysupplementation of 0.05% sodium butyrate(92%) significantly increased the length(+35.5%) and width (+ 55.7%) ofvilli at 21 and 42days, respectively(Mallo et al. 2011). As a result ofimprovedvillidevelopment,absorp-tive surface area is enlarged, lead-ing to better feed utilisation andenhanced animal health status andperformance.

Gustor Aqua has also gainedinterest due to increasing use ofplant-based diets. Several investiga-tions have reported soya-inducedenteritis in salmonids (Baeverfjordand Krogdahl 1996; Knudsen et al.2008; Krogdahl et al. 2003) andcommon carp (Urán et al. 2008).This observation has led special-ists to not include more than 5-15 percentof soya in salmon diets in order to prevententeritis.

Whencopingwiththissituation,sodiumbutyrate arises as a tool to prevent thedevelopmentofsoya-inducedenteritisandallow for a more convenient formulation

ofcommercialfeed.Thissolutionisattrib-uted to the anti-inflammatory propertiesofsodiumbutyrate,whosemodeofactionis by modification of transcription factors(NF-kB) that control the expression ofinflammatory response genes (Hamer et al.2008,LeGallet al.2009).Theresult isahealthy absorptive surface areaensuring

optimal absorption of important nutrientsaswater,mineralsorfattyacids.

In a experiment conducted with catfish(Pangasius hypohthalmus), a dietwas supple-mentedwith0.5KgGustorAqua/tonoffeedand fed twice daily during 56 days. Results(Table 1) showed significant improvements

in weight gain (+35%), specific growth rate(SGR) (+30%), feed conversion ratio (FCR)(-16%) and protein efficiency ratio (PER)(+35%) relative to the non-supplementeddiet. In a second experiment with shrimp(Penaeus monodon),adietwassupplementedwith1kgofGustorAqua/tonoffeedandfedduringtwomonths.AsshowninTable2,the

supplementationofsodiumbutyratesignificantly enhanceddigestibilityofdry matter (DMd) (+12%), crudeprotein (CPd) (+5%) and energy(Ed) (+7%), leading to numericalimprovements in weight gain, sur-vivalandFCR. Inbothexperiments,the observed positive results canbe attributed to the abovemen-tioned modes of action describedforsodiumbutyrate.

Ecobiol Aqua- a probioticEcobiolAquacontains sporesof

Bacillus amyloliquefaciens.Thissporu-latedformgatherstheessentialandfavourablepropertiesforapotential

probiont listedby several authors (Farzanfar,2006; Gómez and Balcazar, 2008; Merrifieldet al. 2010; Vine et al. 2006).Among them;viability under normal storage conditions,acceptable survival under processing condi-tions, being non-pathogenic and resistant tobile salts and low pH, fast growth at host

Figure 1. Biomass of L. vannamei after Ecobiol Aqua supplementation


FEATURE

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rearing temperature, antagonistic propertiesagainst key pathogens, and capacity to pro-duceextracellularenzymesthatimprovefeedutilisation.

It is the combination of different modesof action what leads to host benefit whenEcobiol aqua is supplemented. B. amylolique-faciens is capable to secrete lactic acid andbarnase.Whiletheformerwillreducepatho-genic bacteria andwill be usedby beneficialbacteria such as Lactobacillus as substrate togrow,thelaterisapotentbacteriocine.Asaresult,theantimicrobialpropertiesofEcobiolAquahavebeendemonstratedagainstpatho-

gensaffectingbothcoldandwarmwateraquaticspeciessuchasAeromonas hydrophi-la, Aeromonas salmonicida,Yersinia ruckeri and Vibrio parahameolyticus (Nuez-Ortín2011).Thisinhibitoryactivity promotes optimalgut flora balance, which inturn results in less nutri-ent competition, enhanceddiseaseresistance,healthierabsorptive surface area,and consequently betternutrientutilization.

It is also known thatprobiotic bacteria canrelease extracel lularenzymes that help in thedigestion process. Thisabilitywas investigated ina recent study, in whicha total of 96 shrimp(Litopenaeus vannamei)with an average weightof 0.85 g were placed in12 aquariums and fed tosatietywith twodifferenttreatments (6 replicates/treatment); 1) unalteredcommercial shrimp feed(35% CP), and 2) com-mercialshrimpcontainingEcobiol Aqua at 2 kg/ton feed. Final biomass

was calculated as the sum of the indi-vidual weights of animals allocated ineachtreatment.AsshowninFigure1,thedifference in final biomass was numeri-cally higher until day 40, however, thisdifference became significant after day50. As the experiment was conductedin controlled conditions with absence ofpathogens, the most likely explanationforthisimprovementcanbefoundintheextracellular enzyme secretion capacityof the vegetative form of Bacillus amy-loliquefaciens. In order to investigate onthis assumption, a total of 6 shrimp per

treatment with an average weight of 6 gwere selected and fasted for 12 hours.Hepatopancreas were excised and theactivity of lipase, protease, and amylase

was analysed according to Hernández(1993), Versaw and Coupett (1989) andVega-Villsante et al. (1999), respectively.Results(Figure2)showedincreasedenzy-maticactivityinhepatopancreasafterfeedintake, suggesting enhanced digestibilityand consequently better final biomass.Secretionofamylases,cellulasesandxyla-nases has also been reported forBacillus amyloliquefaciens(Cortyl,2010).

ConclusionNutritionists must pay special focus

not only to nutritional specifications butalso to maximise nutrient utilisation. It istherefore that supplementationwithNGPssuchasorganicacid saltsorprobioticshasarousedasanaturalalternativetodevelopasuccessfulnutritionalprogram.Bydifferentmodes of action, supplementation of bothGustorAquaandEcobiolAquawill leadtothe enhanced gut efficiency to digest feed.Factorssuchastargetedspecies,methodol-ogy for use, or processing conditions, willdetermine the inclusion of one or theother,ortheircombination,intheaquafeedformula. ■

References

Availableuponrequest

Figure 2. Lipase (a), protease (b), and amylase (c) activity in hepatopancreas of L. vannamei

"Nutritionists must pay special

focus not only to nutritional

specifications but also to

maximise nutrient utilisation"


FEATURE

Extruder OEE for the Production of Fish FeedExtruder OEE for the Production of Fish Feed

AMANDUS KAHL GmbH & Co. KG, Dieselstrasse 5-9, D-21465 Reinbek / Hamburg, Phone: +49 40 727 71 0, Fax: +49 40 727 71 100

[email protected], www.akahl.de

The annual global production offishmeal and fish oil is currentlyaround fivemilliontonnesofmealand one million tonnes of oil

(Figure1),except inyearswhen the fishingintheSouthPacificisdisruptedbythewarmwatersofanElNiňo,mostrecentlyin2010.Around 22 million tonnes of raw materialis used,ofwhich approximately 75percentcomesfromwholefishand25percentfromby-products of processing fish for humanconsumption(IFFOestimates).

The majority of the whole fish used aresmallpelagicfishsuchasanchovy,menhaden,sardinesandsandeelsforwhichtherearelim-itedmarketsfordirecthumanconsumption.Inadditiontotheestimated11.5milliontonnesof smallpelagic fishused in fishmeal there isalsoanestimatedfivemilliontonnesofotherfish, the majority from mixed tropical trawlfisheriesinEastAsia.

Going forward The prospects for increasing the produc-

tionof fishmeal and fishoil are very limited,

sincemostoftheunderlyingfisheriesarenowbeingwellmanaged, using the precautionaryprinciplewithtightlysetandmonitoredquo-tas.Alsoincreasingly,marketsarebeingfoundforatleastaproportionofthecatchestogofordirecthumanconsumption.

Inaddition there isconcern that someofthemixedtropicaltrawlfisheriesarenotbeingwellmanagedandthatcatcheswillthereforedecreaseinthecomingyearsasthesebecomeseverelydepleted.Theprospectsforincreas-ingvolumesoffisheriesby-productsdohow-ever lookbetteras fishingbecomesconcen-tratedat fewer landingsitesandaquaculturalproductionalsobecomesmoreconcentrated.Thiswillbe furtherencouragedby the risingpriceoffishmealandstricterlawsagainstthedumpingofwastematerial.Soonbalancetheproductionofbothfishmealandfishoiloverthe next few years is likely to remain aboutwhereitisorpossiblydecreaseslightly,whichwillcertainlyhappeninElNiñoyears.

The lack of growth in the production ofmarineingredientshasledsometospeculatethatthegrowthofaquaculturewouldinturnbelimitedbytheshortageofsuchkeyingredi-

ents–theso-calledfishmealtrap.Itiscertainlytrue that during the 1990s and early 2000sasaquaculturegrew, itusedmoreandmorefishmeal,mostlybytakingvolumesthatinthepasthadgoneintopigandpoultryfeeds.

However, since around2005 aquaculturerequiringfeedhascontinueditsstrongannualgrowth of around seven percent but thevolumesoffishmealusedinaquaculturehaveremainedsteadyataround3.2milliontonnesand those of fish oil have even reducedto around 600,000 tonnes. (Figure 2). Thishas led the FAO to state in their recentlyreleasedreportontheStateofFisheriesandAquaculture(FAO2012):“Althoughthedis-cussionontheavailabilityanduseofaquafeedingredients often focuses on fishmeal andfish-oil resource, considering the past trendsand current predictions, the sustainability oftheaquaculturesectorwillprobablybecloselylinkedwiththesustainedsupplyofterrestrialanimal and plant proteins, oils and carbohy-dratesforaquafeeds.”

Becoming a strategic ingredientThis growth in aquaculture production,

Fishmeal & fish oil and its role in sustainable aquaculture

by Dr Andrew Jackson, Technical Director, IFFO, UK

Figure 1. The Global Production of fishmeal and fish oil from 1964-2011 (IFFO data)

Figure 2. The global production of fed aquaculture and the use in the associated diets of fishmeal and fish oil, millions of tonnes (FAO FishStat data and IFFO data and estimates)


FEATURE


whilst not increasing the total amount offishmeal used, is coming through the partialreplacementoffishmealinthedietsofalmostall species (Taconet al2011,Figure3).Thisdrive to replace fishmeal is being driven bytheriseinthepriceoffishmealandimprovingnutritional knowledge, but also by concernabout the fluctuating supply due to ElNiño,etc. Of course the price of all commodi-

ties has risen steeply inrecent years and it isimportant to comparethe price of fishmealwiththealternatives.

Themostcommonlyused alternative to fish-meal is thatofsoymeal.Figure4showsthatoverthelasttwentyyearsthepriceratiooffishmealtosoymeal has increasedsignificantly, which isindicative of the factthat fishmeal is beingreduced in less criticalareas such as growerfeeds, but remains inthe more critical andlessprice-sensitiveareasof hatchery and brood-stock feeds. Fishmeal isthereforebecomingless

of a commodity and more of a strategicingredient used in places where its uniquenutritionalpropertiescangivethebestresultsandwherepriceislesscritical.

Fish oil and its fatty acidsAshasbeenwelldocumented,duringthe

period1985-2005fishoilusagemovedfrombeing almost exclusively used to produce

hydrogenated margarines to being almostexclusivelyusedinaquaculture.Withinaqua-culturebyfarthebiggestuserwasinsalmonfeed, indeed it reached the point, in around2002, when over 60 percent of the world’sfishoilproductionwasbeingfedtosalmon.

The reason for this very high usage insalmonfeedswasthatsalmonwerefoundtoperform best on diets with in excess of 30percentfatandatthetimefishoilwasoneofthe cheapest oils on the market. In additionit also gave the finished salmon fillets a veryhighleveloflongchainOmega-3fattyacids,specificallyEPAandDHA.

During the last 10 years increasing evi-dencehasbeenpublishedontheveryimpor-tantrolethesetwofattyacidsplayinhumanhealth.EPAhasbeenshowntobecritical inthe health of the cardiovascular system andDHAintheproperfunctioningofthenervoussystem,mostnotablybrainfunction.

Thisgrowingawarenesswithinthemedicalprofession and the general public has led tomanygovernmentsproducingrecommendeddailyintakesforthesefattyacidsandcompa-nies launchinga largenumberofhealth sup-plements, including pharmaceutical products,withconcentratedEPA.

TheimportanceplacedonEPAandDHAin the human diet has had a number ofprofoundeffectsonthefishoilmarket.Firstlyoverthelasttenyearsasignificantmarkethas

Figure 3. The dietary inclusion of fishmeal (%) in aquaculture feeds over the period 1995-2010 (after Tacon et al 2011 )


FEATURE

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developedforthesaleofcrudefishoilforitsrefinementandinclusionintocapsulesetc.

This has grown from almost nothing, tothe point where today around 25 percentof theworld’sproductionofcrude fishoil issold to this market. This has occurred at atimewhen thedemand for salmon feedhasgonefrom1.8milliontonnestonearlythreemilliontonnes.Theothercriticalfactoristhattoobtainfishoiloftherightquality(freshness,lackofoxidationproductsand levelsofEPAand DHA) the nutraceutical market pays apremiumof25-30percentoverthatforfeedoil (current price for feed-grade fish oil isapproximately$1,800/tonne).

In order to increase the production ofsalmonfeedin-linewiththemarket(aswell

as tryingtominimiseanypriceeffect) feedproducershavebeen increasinglysubstitut-ingfishoilwithvegetableoil.Thevegetableoil of choice is rapeseed (or canola) oil,which,while not having any EPAorDHA,doesatleasthaveshort-chainomega3fattyacids and fewer omega-6 fatty acids thanmost other commonly available vegetableoils such as soya oil. The point has nowbeen reached where over 50 percent ofthe added oil in salmon diets comes from

vegetable sources and this trend seemslikelytocontinue.

As salmon are poor converters of short-chained omega-3 fatty acids to long-chainfattyacidsthefattyacidprofileofthefinishedsalmon fillet is verymucha reflectionof thefattyacidprofileinthefeed.TheresultisthattheEPAandDHAcontentoffarmedsalmonis decreasing and the omega-6 content isincreasing.

This trend seems set to continue in theyearstocome.Itseemslikelythatthesalmonmarket will differentiate into ‘high EPA andDHA’ salmon demanding a price premiumandregularsalmon,which,whilestillcontain-ingsomeEPAandDHAwillhavelevelswellbelowthatfoundinwildsalmon.

Is it sustainable?One of the most often asked questions

about fishmeal and fish oil is whether ornotthepractice issustainable.This isahugetopicfordiscussionandonethatisnoteasilycovered in the last sectionofa shortarticle.Toanswer thequestiononehas togobackandlookatthesourceoftherawmaterialandlookatthematter,fisherybyfishery.Themostwidelyacceptedmeasureof sustainability fora fishery is theMarineStewardshipCouncil’s

standard. However, whilst this has beenadopted by a growing number of fisherieswhichcanbeeco-labelledatthepointofsale,therearecurrentlynosubstantialvolumesofwhole-fish fromMSCcertified fisheriesbeingmadeavailabletofishmealplants.

Back in 2008 IFFO became aware thatthe fishmeal and fish oil industry needed anindependently set, third-party audited stand-ard, which could be used by a factory todemonstratetheresponsiblesourcingofrawmaterial and the responsible manufacture ofmarine ingredients. IFFO convened a multi-stakeholdertaskforceincludingfeedproduc-ers,fishfarmers,fishprocessors,retailersandenvironmentalNGOswhooverthenext18months complied the standard which waslaunchedlate2009.

The IFFO RS standard has been quicklyadopted by the industry and the point hasnowbeen reachedwhereoverone thirdofthe world production comes from certifiedfactories. The standard requires that anywhole fish must come from fisheries thataremanagedaccordingtotheFAOCodeofConductforResponsibleFisheries.Thestand-ardalsodemandsthatthefactorycandemon-strate good manufacturing practice includingfulltraceabilityfromintaketofinishedproduct.

Therearenowaround100certifiedfacto-riesinninedifferentcountriesproducingIFFORS fishmealand fishoil.Manyof theworld’smajor feed fisherieshavebeenapproved foruse,althoughsomehaveyettoproducesuf-ficientevidencetoconvincetheauditors.Fulldetails of certified plants and approved rawmaterialscanbefoundontheIFFOwebsite,www.iffo.net.

A continuing area of concern is Asiawhere,asdiscussedearlier,thereareconsid-erable volumes of fishmeal produced fromtrawledmixed species. IFFO isworkingwitha number of different organisations includ-ing the FAO and the Sustainable FisheriesPartnershiptoinvestigatehowtobringaboutfisheriesimprovementinthiscriticalarea.Asia

Figure 4. The ratio of the price of Peruvian fishmeal and Brazilian soymeal based on weekly prices for the period 1993-2012 and the calculated trend line (IFFO data)


FEATURE


is the region where aquaculture is growingfastestandtheneedforresponsiblyproducedfishmealishighest.

ConclusionsFishmealandfishoilproductionisexpect-

ed to remain around current levels, but thisisunlikely to limit thegrowthofaquaculturewhichwillcontinuetohavereducinginclusionlevels of marine ingredients in the diets ofmost farmed fish. Fishmeal will increasinglybecomeastrategic ingredientusedatcritical

stages of the life-cycle when optimum per-formanceisrequired.

ThegrowingimportanceofEPAandDHAin human health will ensure that there is astrong demand for fish oil, either for directhumanconsumptionorvia farmedfish,suchassalmon.

There is a growing need for fish feedproducers and farmers to demonstrate thatall the raw materials in their feeds are beingresponsibly sourced. This is best achieved byusing an internationally recognised certificationstandard.Increasingvolumesofcertifiedmarineingredients are now coming onto the marketwhich will allow fish farmers to demonstratetheircommitmenttoresponsibleaquaculture.

References

FAO(2012).Thestateoftheworldfisheriesandaquaculture2012.Rome:FAO.

Tacon,A.G.J.,Hasan,M.R.,andMetian,M.(2011).Demandandsupplyoffeedingredientsforfarmedfishandcrustaceans-Trendsandprospects.In:FAOfisheriestechnicalpaper,Vol.564.Rome:FAO.

More inforMation:Website: www.iffo.net

"Fishmeal and fish oil

production is expected to

remain around current levels,

but this is unlikely to limit

the growth of aquaculture

which will continue to have

reducing inclusion levels of

marine ingredients in the

diets of most farmed fish"


FEATURE

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Feed for fish and shrimp raised inaquaculture needs high levels ofprotein and energy. Traditionallyfeed for carnivorous or omnivo-

rous fish and for shrimp provides thesemainly as fishmeal and fish oil, whichalso contributes to the health promotingaspects of fish and shrimp in the humandiet.

Aquaculture of fed species today takes60–80percentof the fishmealand80per-cent of the fish oil produced, mainly fromtheindustrialpelagicfisheriesor,inagrow-ing trend, from the trimmings producedduring processing for human consumption.Trimmingsaredefinedasby-productswhenfish are processed for human consump-tion or if whole fish is rejected becausethequalityat the timeof landingdoesnotmeet requirements for human consump-tion. The International Fishmeal and FishOil Organisation estimates trimmings arenowusedforaround25percentoffishmealproduction.

The industry is, therefore, heavilydependent on marine resources but pro-duction from these resources cannot beincreasedsustainably,eitherforhumancon-sumptionortheindustrialfisheries.Atbest,sustainably managed fisheries will continueto yield around the current harvest of fivemillion tonnes of fishmeal and one milliontonnesoffishoil.

FeedproducerssuchasSkrettingrequiretheir marine raw material suppliers todocumentthatthefishmealandfishoilarederivedfromresponsiblymanagedandsus-tainablefisheriesanddonotincludeendan-geredspecies.Therefore,tomeetagrowingdemand for fish, aquaculture must identifyalternativestothesemarineingredients.

Rising demandAnalyses of global demographics, widely

publicised by the Food and AgricultureOrganizationof theUnitedNations (FAO),indicateacontinuingexpansionofthepopu-lationpassingninebillionby2050.Inparallel,economicdevelopmentisprovidingagreaterproportion with an income that permitsthemtobemoreselectiveabout theirdiet.Themain trend is to switch fromvegetablestaplestoanimalandfishprotein.Athird,butlesser,factoristhegrowingawarenessof the health benefits of fish in the diet,providing long chain omega-3 polyun-saturated fatty acids (LC PUFAs) EPAand DHA, fish proteins and importantvitaminsandminerals suchas iodineandselenium.

At the same time, a growing propor-tion of the pelagic catch, which includesthe industrial fisheries, is going to themore lucrative markets of processing forhuman consumption, as processing tech-nology improves and as new consumerswith different tastes enter the market.Simultaneously, theomega-3supplementsindustry is competing for the best qual-ity fish oils and readily outbids the feedproducers.

According to the FAO report‘The State of World Fisheries andAquaculture 2012’, aquaculture is “setto remain one of the fastest grow-ing feed sectors”. Having doubled inthe past decade to almost 60 milliontonnes globally, it is expected to growby up to 50 percent in the next. Thismakesidentifyingalternative,sustainablesources of protein and energy a majorpriority. Researchers are looking foralternatives that will provide low feedconversion ratios, maintain high fish

welfare and produce fish that are goodtoeat,both intermsofeatingexperienceand nutrition. It has been amain focus atSkrettingAquacultureResearchCentreforthepast decade, for exampledeterminingthe nutritional value of more than 400raw materials. These investigations ledto AminoBalance™, where balancing ofamino acids increases the contributionsuchproteinsmaketomusclegrowth.

Options and challenges of alternative protein and energy resources for aquafeed

by Dr Alex Obach, Managing Director, Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre, Norway

Figure 1: Raw material options for fish feed (Source Skretting)

Protein raw materials Fats Starch

sources

Fish meal Fish oil Wheat

Krill meal Krill oil Barley

algal meal algal oil Sorghum

Soya products rapeseed oil tapioca

Sunflower meal Soybean oil Potato starch

rapeseed meal Sunflower oil Peas

Corn gluten Corn oil Faba beans

Wheat gluten linseed oil oats

Faba beans Palm oil

lupins Camelina oil

Pea meal Poultry fat

rice products lard

Poultry meal

Feather meal

Blood meal

Meat and Bone meal

Microbial protein

Insect meal

Worm meal

DDGS

Marineorigin

Vegetablerawmaterials

Animalby-products

Otherrawmaterials


FEATURE


Recent advanceResearchprogresstodatemeansfishmeal

levels in feeds for species such as Atlanticsalmonhavebeenreduced.Untilrecently25percentappearedtobethelimitbelowwhichperformancesuffered,intermsofgrowthrateandfeedconversionratio.

In2010researchersatSkrettingARCfinal-isedanewconceptknownasMicroBalance™.MicroBalance™ technology is based on theidentificationof several essentialmicro-nutri-ents in fishmeal that were shown to be thelimiting factors, not the amount of fishmeal.Supplementing the diet with the right bal-ance of essential micro-nutrients and otherfunctional micro-ingredients helped reducefishmealcontentinfishfeed.

Applying the concept enabled Skrettingcompaniestoproducecommerciallysuccess-ful feedswithas littleas15percent fishmealwithout detracting from feed performance,fish welfare or end product quality. A keyadvantage of MicroBalance is the flexibil-ity toadapt the rawmaterial combination inresponse toprices, lessening for farmers theimpactsofpricevolatility.

Today Skretting can formulate fish feedwith levels of fishmeal as low as 5–10percent. Fishmeal canbe replaced solelybyvegetablerawmaterialsorbyacombinationofvegetablerawmaterialsandnon-ruminantprocessed animal proteins (PAPs). It shouldbenotedthatPAPsarewidelyusedincoun-triesoutside theEUandprovideextremelygood quality, safe nutrition to supplementfishmeal.

Typicalexamples includebloodmealalsoknown as haemoglobin meal, poultry meal,and feather meal. PAPs were banned fromanimal feed and fish feed in the EU follow-ing the BSE crisis in the 1990s. Recently aproposal for the reintroduction of PAPs in

fish feedwasapprovedbyaqualifiedmajor-ityofEUmember states,meaning thatnon-ruminantPAPswillbeauthorisedforfishfeedfromJune1,2013.

Trial resultsA22-monthtrialwithAtlanticsalmonin

a commercial scale farm in Norway dem-onstrated thepracticality ofMicroBalance. Itfollowedacom-plete genera-tion of salmonfrom smolt toharvest. Thetrial was jointlyorganised byMarine Harvestand Skrettingand conductedat the Centrefor AquacultureCompetence(CAC) inNorway fromMay 2009 toFebruary 2011inclusive. CACisacommercial-scale R&D farmmanaged byMarine Harvestand isequippedto measure alloperationalparameters justas precisely asin a small-scaleresearch sta-tion. A totalof 780,000

Atlanticsalmonprovidedweredividedandfedononeofthreefeeds:

Conventional grower feed (preMicroBalance): 25 percent fishmeal and 13percentfishoilwithEPA+DHAcomprisingabout10percentoftotalfattyacids.

OptiLine from Skretting Norway (usingMicroBalance): 15 percent fishmeal and 13


FEATURE

percentfishoilwithEPA+DHAcomprisingabout10percentoftotalfattyacids.

Experimental OptiLine (usingMicroBalance): 15 percent fishmeal and ninepercentfishoilwithEPA+DHAcomprisingabouteightpercentoftotalfattyacids.

The parameters monitored weregrowth, FCR, quality, health, sustainabilityand food safety. The total harvest weightwas 3,517 tonnes. After the harvest thetaste, smellandtextureof the filletsweretested by a panel of professional tasters.Theresultsshowedthatbothlowfishmealfeeds gave the same growth and FCR asthecontroldiet.Therewerenoobserveddifferences in fish health, or in thequalityparameters.

The salmon fed with the lowest propor-tionofmarineproducts(15%fishmeal,9%fishoil)onlyneeded1.07kgof fish in their feedtoproduce1kgatharvest.Calculatingproteinalone showed a positive ratio, with fish outexceedingfishin.

MicroBalance is now applied in the dietsofseveralothercommercialspecies,includingsea bass, sea bream, rainbow trout, turbotandyellowtail.

Fish oilResearch to date has enabled produc-

ers of fish feed to supplement fish oil withvegetableoilsinthedietsofcarnivorousspe-ciesbyasmuchas50percent.Lower levelshave been tested in experimental dietswithno negative effects. Much of the progressresultsfromtheEURAFOAproject.RAFOAstands for Researching Alternatives to FishOil in Aquaculture and the project focusedon four species; Atlantic salmon, rainbowtrout, sea bass and sea bream. Led by theInstitute of Aquaculture at the University ofStirling,partners includeNIFES (theNationalInstituteofNutrition andSeafoodResearch)and Skretting ARC, in Norway, the INRA(National Institute for Agronomic Research)in France and the University of Las Palmas,intheCanary Islands(Spain).Themainchal-lenge is to maintain adequate levels of EPA

andDHA,bothforthefishandforthehealthbenefitsoffishasfood.

SecondlytheEUAquaMaxproject,coordi-natedbyNIFESinNorwaywith32internationalpartnersaroundtheworldincludingSkrettingARC,addressedthisissuedirectly,developingdiets with low levels of both fishmeal andfish oil and thus reducing the fish-in fish-outratios.Thiscom-plements workatSkrettingARCto develop theLipoBalance™concept, whichallows combina-tions of oils tobepreparedthatwill provide thecorrect balanceof energy andnutrients, includingEPAandDHA,at lowestcost.

Performance ratiosFeed conversion ratios (FCRs) have

advanced significantly over the past threedecades. InAtlanticsalmon,forexample,theFCR has decreased from 1.30 in the 1980sto slightly above 1.00 today, mainly due tothedevelopmentofhigh-nutrient-densedietsand to improvements in feed management(reducing feedwaste).This representsmoreefficient useof feed rawmaterials; especiallyasfishmealandfishoilcontentswerereducedinthesameperiod(Table1).

Another contributor here is the emer-genceoffunctionaldietsthatmaintainorevenimprove performance in adverse conditionssuchashighor lowwater temperaturesandoutbreaksofdisease.Bettergrowth,reducedFCRandhigher survivalwill all contribute toimprovetheutilisationoffeedresources.

Feed Fish Dependency Ratio (FFDR) isthequantityofwildfishusedperquantityofcultured fishproduced.Thismeasurecanbeweighted for fishmeal or fish oil, whichevercomponent creates a larger burden of wildfishinfeed.InthecaseofAtlanticsalmonfor

example, following the introduction of theMicroBalanceconcept,thefishoilwillcertainlybethedeterminingfactorfortheFFDR.Thedependency on wild forage fish resourcesshould be calculated for both FM and FOusingthefollowingformulae.FFDRm=(%fishmealinfeedfromforage

fisheries)x(eFCR)/22.2FFDRo = (% fish oil in feed from forage

fisheries)x(eFCR)/5.0Where:eFCR is the Economic Feed Conversion

Ratio; the quantity of feed used to producethequantityoffishharvested.

Only fishmeal and fish oil that is deriveddirectlyfromapelagicfishery(e.g.anchoveta)istobeincludedinthecalculationofFFDR.

Theamountoffishmealinthedietiscalcu-latedbackto livefishweightbyusingayieldof22.2%.Thisisanassumedaverageyield. Iftheyield isknowntobedifferent that figureshouldbeused.

Theamountoffishoilinthedietiscalcu-latedbacktolivefishweightbyusingayieldoffivepercentThisisanassumedaverageyield.

Iftheyieldisknowntobedifferentthatfigureshouldbeused.

Using these formulae it can be seen thatthe FFDRs for Atlantic salmon, for example,were halved between 2004 and 2011. TheFFDRmwas reduced from1.24 to0.56 andthe FFDRo from 4.28 to 2.05. This doublesthequantityofsalmonproducedfromagivenquantityoffishmealandfishoil.

Health benefitsAsmentioned,maintaininghealthbenefits

isakeyobjectivewhenreducingdependencyonmarinerawmaterials.Itisbeingaddressedinseveralways.Thefirst istodeterminetheminimumlevelsofEPAandDHAthatthefishrequire.Thefeedswithhigh levelsofmarineingredients produced fish with high levels oflong chain (LC) poly-unsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs); more than needed by the fish sothataproportionwasmetabolisedforenergy.Atlowerinclusionlevelstheuseoftheselim-itednutrientscanbeoptimised,sinceahigherproportionwillberetainedinthemuscle.Atevenlowerlevels(closetonutritionalrequire-ment) the fish can maximise its capacity toelongateanddesaturate,andcouldbecomeanetproducerofLCPUFAs.

Figure 2: Supply and use of fish oil (Source IFFO and Skretting)

table 1: total production of fed species in 2000, 2005, 2010, with total feed used, total fishmeal and total fish oil (x 1,000 tonnes).

Year total production of fed species

total of feeds used

total fishmeal used

total fish oil used

1995 4,028 7,612 1,870 463

2000 7,684 14,150 2,823 608

2010 21,201 35,371 3,670 764

Source: Tacon et al. FAO Fisheries and Aquaculture Paper 564


FEATURE


On average 100 g of salmon fillet hasaround16 gof fatofwhich at least four tofivepercentisomega-3EPAandDHA(DHAbeingthemain fattyacid inthephospholipidfraction).Thusa130gportionwouldprovidearound 930 mg of EPA and DHA. That isequivalent to several supplement capsules.TwoportionsaweekadequatelyprovidetherecommendeddietarylevelsofLCPUFAsandimportant vitamins and minerals in an easilyassimilatedform.

Asecondapproach istoexplorewaysofformulating feed so that the LC PUFAs areretainedinthefilletflesh.FurtherresearchatSkretting ARC into the functions of micro-ingredientsrecentlyledtoanewsalmonfeedthatsignificantlyimprovesthefeedconversionratioandfilletyield.Filletanalysisrevealedthemicro-nutrientsalsoraisedtheproportionofEPAandDHAinthemuscle.

Thethirdapproachistoidentifyalternativeresources. There are twomajor contenders:genetic modifications to crop plants andmicro-algae. Progress is being monitored byfeedproducerskeentoreducetheirdepend-ence on marine ingredients. Some plantsproducePUFAs,forexamplerape(canola)orsoya,butthecarbonchainsaretooshort.TheEPAcarbon chainhas20 carbon atoms andDHA22.Theambitionistointroducegenesto extend 18-carbon chains already present.

LimitedprogresshasbeenwithEPA.DHAisagreaterchallenge.

Somemicro-algaespeciesarenaturalsyn-thesisersof the longer chain fatty acids. Thechallenge here is economic; to grow themin bulk, either by sea farming or in vats onland, in sufficient volumes to make themcompetitive as a feed ingredient. There arealso reports of extracting LC PUFAs fromyeastculturesandthesewouldfacethesameeconomicchallenge.

ConclusionAqua feed producers must find alterna-

tives to themarine ingredients fishmealandfish oil while maintaining fish welfare andaquaculture performance as a highly effi-cientmeansofproducingnutritiousprotein.Eatingqualityandhealthbenefitsareequallyimportant.

However,althoughthesupplyofmarineingredients from the wild catch is limited,withappropriatecontrolstheywillcontinuetobeavailable.Akey task for the industryistoensuretheyareusedinamannerthatspreadsthebenefitsthroughacombinationof supplementation, feed formulation andfeed management on farm. This way thegrowingdemandforfishcanbemetandthebenefits shared sustainably for generationstocome.

About the authorAlex Obach has held the positionof Managing Director at SkrettingAquaculture Research Centre sinceMay1,2007.OriginallyfromBarcelona,Spain,heisaveterinarianwithaMasterin Aquaculture from the Universityof Girona (Spain) and a PhD in fishpathology and immunology from theUniversityofWestBrittany(France).HestartedworkingatSkrettingAquacultureResearchCentrein1993asaresearch-er, initially within fish health then asa nutritionist. He He previously wasManager of ARC’s Fish Health depart-ment.Between1993-1995,hewasalsoengagedaslecturerattheUniversityofBarcelona, and worked for two yearsas Manager of the Marine HarvestTechnicalCentre.


FEATURE


SkrettingAquacultureResearchCentreSkrettingAquacultureResearchCentre(ARC)isthecentralR&DunitforNutreco’sglobal

fishfeedcompanySkretting.SkrettingARC'smainobjectiveistoprovideresearchand

technicalsupportregardingfeedforbothfishandshrimp.Theresearchcentreisbasedin

Stavanger,Norway,andhasfurtherresearchunitsinItaly,Spain,ChinaandJapan.Skretting

ARCemploysaninternationalteamofhighlyskilledspecialists,withintotal70employees

from20nationalities,including30researchers.SkrettingARCcollaborateswithseveral

institutesandprivatecompaniesacrosstheglobe.Itscorecompetenciesarewithinfishand

shrimpnutritionandhealth,feedrawmaterials,feedsafetyandquality,analysisandmodelling

technologyandfeedproductionprocesses.

SkrettingAquacultureResearchCentrePHOtOSHOOt

1: ARC research2: Ariel view of the main ARC building in Stavanger3: Lerang is a fish trials station belonging to ARC, located on the side of a

fjord, separate from the main building.4: ARC Lerang fish trials station5: ARC NIR analysis6: ARC assessing pigmentationBackground image: The Skretting Centre for Aquaculture Competence (The

CAC) is the location for the large-scale long-term trial mentioned on the previous pages.


Welcome to Expert Topic, a new feature for International Aquafeed. Each issue will take an in-depth look at a particular species and how it's feed is managed.

SHRIMPEXPERT TOPIC


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1

Vietnamese Stakeholders discuss early mortality shrimp diseaseby Adrien Louyer, Technical Supervisor Aquaculture, Olmix, Vietnam

On August 6, 2012, Olmixwas the sponsor of a dinnerfor Shrimp VietnameseStakeholders to discuss the

newly emerging disease early mortality inshrimp (EMS) or more descriptively, theAcuteHepatopancreaticNecrosisSyndrome(AHPNS).ThediseaseissignificanttoChinaand SoutheastAsian shrimp farming coun-tries includingVietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia,andThailand. InVietnamalone, EMS causeddirectlossesofover$250millionin2011.

Prof. Donald V. Lightner, from UniversityofArizona,was invitedasakeyspeaker.Heisaprominentexpertofaquaculturepathol-ogy,especiallyinpenaeidshrimpdiseases.Hehasbeeninvolvedinpenaeidshrimpdiseasesfor over 40 years and currently being the

Directorof theOIEreferenceLaboratoryofAquaculture Pathology at the University ofArizona.HiscurrentresearchareaisonEMSdisease.

The dinner was an opportunity forVietnamese feed millers and research insti-tutes to have an open discussion with Dr.LightneronEMSdisease.Onthesideofthisdiscussion, shrimp sensitivity to mycotoxinswas presented including a presentation ofMTX+,theOlmixanswerbasedonactivatedclaywithseaweedstodealwithit.

AfterextensiveresearchfromDrLightner

andhisteam,thecausativeagentofEMSremains unknown. The EMS researchteam at the University of Arizona isputting strong effort to determine thecauseofthisdiseasebasedondifferentapproaches.

To find an answer to the commonEMSthreat,shrimpstakeholdersshouldgroup their effort to tackle the issue.Research will be carried out to getmoreknowledgeonthediseaseandtrytoidentifytheresponsiblemicroorgan-ism and/or possible toxicants in theenvironment that may be associatedwith this disease. The further step ofEMSresearchtobecarriedoutbytheArizonateamistofindviablesolutionstopreventorreducetheriskofEMSinshrimpfarming.

Tofullyachieveprogramobjectives,quick and strong financial support isneeded.

The following companies werepresentatthedinnerCP,MinhPhuSeafood, Proconco, Sunjin vina feed, Huy

Thuan, Skretting and Evialis. I would like tothankDrLightnerandMr.LocTrantohavejoined our dinner and helped me to writethearticle.

More inforMation:To help fund the EMS projectDr. Donald V. Lightner [email protected]. Loc Tran [email protected]: www.olmix.com

Production of shrimp in an indoor farming system with bioflocs

by Eric De Muylder, CreveTec, belgium

Feed management in extensive andsemi-intensive shrimp farmingsystems is not optimal to obtainthebestresults.Feedingfrequency

is limitedtofourorsixtimesperday.Thefeed isspreadoverthewholepondwhichis labor-intensive. There is an importantperiod between feeding and actual con-sumption by the shrimp, which results inleaching of important nutrients and feedquality loss. This is caused by the lowdensity of shrimp in the ponds and theshrimp can only find the fed by chemicalattraction,whichtaketime.

The feeding affects the water qualityparameters in theponds.Anoxygendrop isobservedafter feeding.Acontinuousfeedingwillresultinamorecontinuouswaterqualityand less stress for the shrimp.Often shrimpare not fed at night to avoid low oxygen,which results in important loss of potentialgrowth.

In intensive farming, the natural produc-tion of the tank is represented by bioflocs.These bioflocs directly interfere with thewater quality. Intensive farming also allowsthe mechanization of feeding without extralabor.Feedconsumptionisfacilitatedbecause

all feed pellets interact with shrimp movingaroundinthetank.

BioflocsShrimp are filter feeders and are able to

benefitfrombioflocsinthewater.In a shrimp farming system with bioflocs,

severalstrategiesarepossible.Utilizationofalowprotein feed and addition of a carbon sourceresults in very low levels of ammonia, becausetheyareassimilatedbythebioflocsandconvertedinto proteins. Typically, these systems have acarbon: nitrogen ratio of over 20. However,theconversionof ammonia andothernitrogen

sourcesandacarbonsourceintobioflocproteinrequiresalotofoxygenandresultsinabuild-upofbioflocsbecauseofpoorconversionofthosebioflocproteins into shrimpbiomass.Thenbio-flocshavetoremovedfromthesystem.

Anotherstrategyistouseanormalproteinfeed,whichcorrespondswiththeproteinrequirementofshrimp.Whenusingafeedwithaproteincontentof30percent,thecarbon:nitrogenratioisaround10.Withafeedconversionof1,5,around35percentofproteinsareconvertedintoshrimpbiomassand20 ù of the Carbon. This means that the faecesof shrimp, fed with a diet containing 38 percentproteins,willresultinacarbon:rationof10.

C100: Shrimp were fed a commercial diet at normal feeding gift C80: Shrimp were fed a commercial diet at a reduced feeding gift (80 %)C60: Shrimp were fed a commercial diet at a reduced feeding gift (60 %)Water quality for C100, C80 and C60 was maintained by continuously changing water which was filtered with a protein skimmer and biofilterC60: Shrimp were fed a commercial diet at a reduced feeding gift (60 %) and bioflocs are added to maintain water qualityC80: Shrimp were fed a commercial diet at a reduced feeding gift (80 %) and bioflocs are added to maintain water quality

2


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Theexcessammoniawillthenbeconvertedintonitriteandnitratebynitrifyingbacteriapresentinthebioflocs.Butthesenitrateswillaccumulateintotheculturetanksandreducesthepossibilitytore-usethiswaterforfutureproductioncycles.This nitrification also decreases the pH, whichmakes it necessary to adjust pH regularly. Tosolvethisproblem,anewsystemwasdevelopedwithtwoadditions:ameiofauna-protectingsub-stratetofavortheconversionofbacterialbioflocintodigestiblemeiofaunaandacentralbioreactorwiththepossibilityofdenitrification.Thedenitrifi-cationcanusethecarbonpresentintheshrimpfaeces as energy source to remove nitrate andproducealkalinity.Thisway,thenitratelevelcanbecontrolled.

Influence of biofloc presence on growth

Thepositive influenceofbioflocpresenceinthewatercolumnhasbeenshown.Atrialwassetuptoevaluateifbioflocscouldreplacesomeofthefeeds.

TheresultsshowthatC100wastheopti-malfeedinggift.C80showedaslightreducedgrowthwhileC60hadareducedgrowth.

However, the best results were clearlyobtained in the presence of bioflocs. Therewasnodifferenceat60or80percentfeeding.Thismeansthatthepresenceofbioflocscanreducethefeedinggiftby40percentandstillresultinbettergrowth.

Agrowth trialwith vannamei andmono-don confirmed that a fast growth could beobtainedinanintensivesystem.

Based on these results a pilot scale farmwasinstalledinItaly.Thissystemisbasedonthefollowingprinciples:• Thereisnoexchangeofwaterbutremoval

ofalimitedquantityofbioflocsisnecessary• Waterisrecuperatedforthenextcycle• Control of biofloc density for optimal

growthandoptimalnutrientcomposition• Efficientaeration• Continuous,automaticfeeding• Phasegrowing foroptimalutilizationof

culturewatervolume• Possibilityforpartialharvesting

ConclusionsThe combination of shrimp farming and

bioflocsmakes it possible to grow shrimp inanindoorfarm,withoutwaterexchange.Eventhoughthisfarmingsystemismoreintensive,it doesn't not have the disadvantages thatcouldbeexpected.Onthecontrary,intensivefarmingenablesmoreefficient feeding,keep-ingtheoptimaltemperatureandoxygenlevel.The presence of bioflocs can replace thenatural production basedon an algal systemthatisfoundinopenponds.

More inforMation:Email: [email protected]: www.crevetec.be

A growth trial with vannamei and monodon confirmed that a fast growth could be obtained in an intensive system.


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Alternatives to natural food?- Maturation diets for shrimp

by Dr Sagiv Kolkovski & Judith Kolkovski, ND

In recent years, shrimp culture hasbecome one of the most importantaquaculture industries in the world.Current production levels reach over

threemilliontonnesperyear,correspondingto a market volume of over US$10 billion(FAO2008).

However,evenwiththisexpansionintheproductiontherearesomeunknowns.

One of the problems with shrimp (andothercrustacean)culture isbroodstockdietsandnutrition.

Currently, most, if not all, hatcheriesaroundtheworldusefreshorfrozen,unproc-essedmarineorganismsasfooditems.Theseincludesquid,variousmolluscs(mussels,oys-tersorclams),marinepolychates,crustaceanssuchasshrimp(Peixotoetal.,2004;Prestonetal.,2004,Comanetal.,2006)andArtemiabiomass(Anhetal.,2008,Gandyetal.,2007).Thesefeedsareusuallytoppedupwithnutri-tionaladditivessuchasvitamins,mineralsandfattyacids(Hoaetal.,2009).

Maturationdietsbasedonthecombination

of freshand frozenmarineorganismsusuallyresultsinhighreproductiveperformancesforboth domesticated and wild caught brood-stockshrimp.

However, this practice is far from ideal,exposingtheculturedanimalstoseveralmajorissues-

Biosecurity: Freshand frozen foodorgan-ismscan,potentially,becometransferringvec-torfordifferentpathogensanddiseases.Thisismore sowhencrustaceans arebeenused(Coman et al., 2006). Although, recognisedfortheircontributiontothematurationproc-ess through supplementing maturation hor-mones and other nutrients, the importationofcrustaceanssuchasArtemiawasbannedinseveralcountriesinanattempttoreducetheriskofdiseasetransfer.

Similarly, in many countries the use ofshrimp heads or shrimp meal in maturationdietswasbanned..Itisnotknownifnon-crus-taceanorganismscantransmitshrimpvirusessuch as white spot syndrome virus (WSSV)and yellow head virus (YHV) or others butduetotheirorigin,postharvestmethodsandstorage,theyareallpronetobecomeavectorforotherpathogens.

Nutritional profile: Due to the fact thatfresh/frozen foodorganismsarebeencaughtin the wild, their nutritional profile varied.Season, location, life cycle, pre and postharvesting methods can and will affect theirnutritional profile. This inconsistency in thequality and nutritional profile makes it hardto standardise protocols even within thesamecompany.Differentcountriesandevenregions within a country will have differentaccesstofresh/frozenfoodorganismsandwill

used them differently resulting in high fluc-tuation in FCRs and performances betweenfarmers, regions and countries culturing thesamespecies.

Waterquality: Inmanycaseshighwaterflow is needed following feeding of fresh/frozen foodorganisms. Inmanycasesdaily(orevenfewtimesduringtheday)siphon-ing is essential to keep goodwater qualityand tank hygiene. This is obviously labour-intensive task that might also affect thebroodanimals.

Domestication: It is commonly acceptedthatwildbroodstockshrimpneeds fresh/fro-zen food organisms. For example, Conan etal.,2006 raised thehypotheseiswhether theremoval of crustacean component from thematurationdietfordomesticatedP.monodonbroodstock has contributed to the brood-stocklowperformances.

Consideringthecostofbroodstock(espe-cially ‘SPF’), these are serious risks and inmany cases resulting in high mortality and/orreducedproductivity, leadingtosignificantfinancialloss.

Untilnow,shrimpbroodstockfedmatura-tion-formulateddiet,pelletedorextrudeddidnotmatchtheperformancesofanimalsfedonfresh/frozenfood(Woutersetal.,2002.Bragaetal.,2010).Formulateddiets tendtobreakdown due to the unique feeding behaviourof the animals, resulting in polluted waterandveryhighFCR.Moreover,palatabilityandingestionratesareusuallylow.Evenusingthesame foodorganismsasdrymeals in formu-

3

table 1: Comparison between traditional (control) fresh/frozen food and formulated semi-moist diet

treatment Days %Mort/day avg. Sr/day total spawns egg/Femalenauplii/Female % Hatch total nauplii

Control 124 0.09 3.34% 602 179,364 154,364 86 92,860,000

nutraFeed 124 0.05 4.74 849 186,266 160,188 86 136,000,000

Difference 44.4% 29.5% 29.1% 3.7% 3.7% 0% 46.5%

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lateddietsdidn’tresultinsimilarperformancesaswhenfresh/frozenorganismsweregiven.

Recently, a new maturation diet(NutraFeed®) for crustaceans that cancompletely replace the use of fresh/frozenfeed was developed. The diet is semi-moist(around 30-35% moist) and manufacturedas short pellets at any length and diameterneeded. The diet is stable in the water for24hoursandwillnotbreakdownwhentheshrimpisholdingandchewingit.

NutraFeed®dietsarebasedsolelyondrymeals without any fresh or frozen products.Theyarecertifiedaspathogenfree(allingre-dientspassGammaradiation)withashelflifeof six months (refrigerated) or 12 months(frozen).Toboostthehormonalcycle,herbalextracts (NutraGreen® products) are incor-poratedintothediets.Theseare100percentnatural additives aimed at improving brood-stock performance including; enhancing eggandlarvaequality,spermmortality,vitellogen-esis, aswell as immunesystemanddigestivesystemsupport.

Initiallythesenaturalherbaladditivesweredevelopedasnaturalhormonalreplacementsforwomanduring IVFtreatmentsandduringmenopauseperiod.

Large experiment To compare the performances of the

maturationdietagainsttraditionalfresh/frozenfoodorganism, a large experimentwas con-ducted independently by one of the biggestshrimp producers in the world. The results(seeTable1)showedsignificantperformanceimprovements when the broodstock fed onNutraFeed®semi-moistdiet.

Moreover, using the semi-moist diet alsoproved to be cost effective compared totraditional diets. Two hundred white shrimpL. vannamei were fed control diet (squid,polychates and nutritional booster) orNutraFeed® SM diet. The broodstock werekept in identical tanks and under the sameenvironmental conditions. Growth, mortali-ties,spawningevents,fecundity,hatchingratesandnumberofnaupliiweredeterminedover124days.

The diet was also used with domesti-cated P. monodon broodstock in Australiawith remarkable results. This is a significantachievementsinceitisknownthatP.mono-donareparticularlypickywiththeirdietandfeedingthemsolelyonformulateddietusedtobechallenging,not tomention, achievingsimilarorbetterperformances.

Currently the diet is been used in sev-eral commercial hatcheries in Thailand, IndiaandMalaysiaandthecompany isup-scaling theproduction.

References

Anh,N.T.N.,Hoa,N.V.,VanStappen,G.,andSorgeloos,P.2008.EffectofdifferentsupplementalfeedsonproximatecompositionandArtemiabiomassproductioninsaltponds.Aquaculture,286,217-225.

Braga,A.L.,Nakayama,C.L.,Martins,J.G.,Colares,E.P.,andWasielesky,W.Jr.2010.SpermatophorequalityofthepinkshrimpFarfantepenaeuspaulensis(Decapoda,Dendrobranchiata)broodstockfedwithdifferentmaturationdiets.Aquaculture,307,44-48.

Coman,G.J.,Arnold,S.J.,Callaghan,T.R.,andPreston,N.P.2006.EffectoftwomaturationdietcombinationsonreproductiveperformanceofdomesticatedPenaeusmonodon.Aquaculture,263,75-83.

Coman,G.J.,Arnold,S.J.,Peixoto,S.,Coman,F.E.,Crocos,P.J.,Preston,N.P.,2006.Reproductiveperformanceofreciprocallycrossedwild-caughtandtankrearedPenaeusmonodonbroodstock.Aquaculture252,372–384.

Gandy,R.L.,Samocha,T.M.,Masser,M.P.,Fox,J.M.,Ali,S.A.M.,GatlinIII,D.M.,andSpeed,M.2007.Theeffectofunilateraleyestalkablationanddietonthereproductiveperformanceofwild-caughtFarfantepenaeusaztecus(Ives,1891)usingaclosedrecirculatingmaturationsystem.Aquac.Res.38,580–587.

Hoa,N.D.,Wouters,R.,Wille,R.,Thanh,V.,Dong,T.K.,Hao,N.V.,andSorgeloos,P.2009.Afresh-foodmaturationdietwithanadequateHUFAcompositionforbroodstocknutritionstudiesinblacktigershrimpPenaeusmonodon(Fabricius,1798).Aquaculture,297,116-121.

Peixoto,S.,Coman,G.J.,Arnold,S.J.,Crocos,P.J.,Preston,N.P.,2005.HistologicalexaminationoffinaloocytematurationandatresiainwildanddomesticatedPenaeusmonodonbroodstock.Aquac.Res.36,666–673.

Preston,N.P.,Crocos,P.J.,Keys,S.J,Coman,G.J.,Koenig,R.,2004.Comparativegrowthofselectedandnon-selectedKurumashrimpPenaeus(Marsupenaeus)japonicusincommercialfarmponds.Aquaculture231,73–82.

About the authors Dr Sagiv Kolkovski is the Principal

scientist, marine aquaculture, at theDepartment of Fisheries, westernAustralia.HeisalsotheR&DdirectoratNutrakol Pty Ltd. Judith Kolkovski,NDis a nutritionist and herbalist and thegeneral manager of Nutrakol Pty Ltd.NutrakolPtyLtdisspecializedindevel-opingandmanufacturingnutritionalandnaturalhealthsolutionsforaquaculture.

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IND

UST

RYE

VEN

TS

Pierre ErwesChairman BioMarineCEO BioMarine Organization Ltd

The BioMarine BusinessConvention is the onlyinternational business con-

ventiondedicated tomarinebio-resources, addressing key issuesin marine biotechnology, marinebiomaterials, algae and seagrass,marine environment, marine cos-metics, nutraceuticals, food andfeed, aquaculture and aquafeed,marine renewable energy, cleanshipping and harbor manage-ment.

Every two years, the BioMarineBusiness Convention visits a dif-ferent continent: 2011 Europe,2013 NorthAmerica and 2015Asia. The next 2013 Nor thAmerica Business Convention inHalifax Canada comprises of afulldiscoverydaywithtwotracks(marine energy and marine bio-resources), conferences, think-tanks,VIP lunches, an innovationforumandanexpo.

Inbetween,BioMarinesummitsbring together 200 CEOs andexecutives.The 2012 BioMarineLondon summit i sorganised around sixthematic think-tanks.The recommenda-tions and proposalswill ser ve as a basefor the elaboration ofthe Nor th Amer icaBusinessConventioninHalifax.

What’s happening this year?

In October 2012, theBioMarinesummitvisitsLondon. It is a ver ycrucial milestone withregards to prepara-

tionforthe2013NorthAmericaBusinessconvention.

Thisyear inLondonyou’llmeetside by side the Canadian dele-gation, the Portuguese SecretaryofState for the sea, theDirectorGeneral forFisheriesandCoastalaffairs fromNorway, theDirectorofAtlantic regions at EuropeanCommissionMaritimeAffairs andFisheriesandkey industryplayerssuchasNovus,PronovaBioPharma,OlmixGroup, Sofiproteol,MG4UEuropean network, JPI Oceans,Eurofins,andmanymore.

Over two days the BioMarinecommunitywillshare,debateandelaborate on recommendationsregardingimportantissues.

Tell us about the audienceUsually a BioMarine summit

brings together 200 executives.Mostly they are CEOs and topscientists who share commonground.The financeand investorscommunity, government agencies,are also very well represented.It is a unique event to debate,exchangeanddobusiness.

ThisyearwewillhostaCanadiandelegationmadeofSMEs,researchorganisations,

development agencies and gov-ernment officials. The leadingEuropean countries for the blue

growth wi l l a l soactively par ticipate: Por tugal,Ireland, UK, Norway, and France.Everysummittendstobedifferent,but in theend theoutcomesarethe most important… it alwayssurprising what we can achievewithin the BioMarine commu-nity!

What are the focuses this year in London?

EveryyearBioMarineorganisesaminimumoftwodebates.Thefirstoneisdedicatedtowomenexec-utives in marine bio-resources.Our BioMarine community isfor tunate to have amazing andtalented women, so let’s learnfromthem!

The second debate is also ofimportanceasitwillbringtogethergovernment advisors, and recog-nized experts in aquaculture andfisheries.We will try to under-stand what milestones Europe,NorthAmerica,Asia,Africa andSouthAmericahavedevelopedtoachieveaglobalsustainableaquac-ultureby2030.

BioMarineLondon isalsostruc-tured around six thematic think-tanks:

1. MacroAlgae valorization:Theamazingpotential of this bio-resourceopened-up aworldof possibilities, especially torespond tochallengesofboth

humanand animal nutrition, but alsoenvironmentandenergy.

2. Marinebiotechforhealthwillexplore the ways in whichmarine genomics can helpus understand the industrialpotential of marine organ-isms.

3. Nutraceuticals : The rawmater ial fish oil for theprocessing of the omega-3productsmaycontainvariousamounts of contaminantssuchasenvironmentalpollut-ants.Howcouldweapproachthe consumer with relevantandunderstandable informa-tionabouttheseissues?

4. 2030 : The aquacu l tu replatform.Humannutritionis the basis of our health,wellbeing and intelligenceand the development ofour food production anddistr ibution systems wi l lbe one of most cr i t ica lcha l lenges . Aquacu l turewi l l be one of the pre-dominant food produc-tion systems at the globalscale.

5. Marine biotech for environ-mentwill explore the worldof bacteria and their benefittosociety.

6. Microalgae and nutrition willdiveintothefantasticoppor-

tunities that microalgae represent tofeed the world.Theapplication of micro-algae biomass and/ormetabolitesisaninter-esting and innovativeapproachforthedevel-opment of healthierfoodproducts.

What do you expect this year?

It’s always a difficultquestion,but2012willbring for sure someclear recommenda-tions inpreparationof

INDUSTRYEVENTS:PREVIEW


INDUSTRYEVENTS:PREVIEWSUPPORTERSOFTHEBIOMARINEBUSINESSCONVENTION

the2013NorthAmericaBusinessconvention.Iknowfromtheinsidethat our industry partners havegreat expectations and they haveprepared the think-tanks to getthemostoftheexchangesandthediscussions.

Ontheside, severaldealswillbe initiated during the summitand the two days of meetingswill be the occasion for newbusinessendeavorandrelation-ships.

IfeelreallyexcitedasIknowallthe participants and I will spendmy time running to connectpeople. My personal wish is thateveryattendeewillfeelsatisfiedaswe will help him to get business

doneandopendoorsforthenextstepforward.

Why is BioMarine is expanding so fast?

BioMarine is a uniquetransver sal platformthat addresses theen t i r e t r a n s ve r s a lsector from marine tomar itime. There areseveral others showsbut none has suchpotential to connectpeople.We think dif-ferentandweactdif-ferent.

We do not wish to becomea gigantic convention but wewish to preser ve the aim ofour BioMarine community, pro-viding tailor made services suchasournewBioMarineResourcesDirector y, created with ourpar tner InternationalAquafeed,whichhelpstoconnectallbioma-rine related businesses. It is avery practical mobile web appli-

cation.Thedirectorywillbeoffi-cially launched in London duringBioMarine, andaprintedversionwill be distributed to the partic-ipants.

We also provide some of ourclientswithspecificservices:opennewmarketabroad,findstherightpartnerinthenextcountrywhereheplanstogoetc.

Our BioMarine community is

growingfast.Itisauniqueexchangeplace where we do business, welearnalotandweenjoydoingso.It’s not only the place to be butit’saworldofbusinessopportuni-tiesatyourhand.IlookforwardtoseeingyouinLondon…

More inforMation:Website: www.biomarine.org


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SUPPORTERSOFTHEBIOMARINEBUSINESSCONVENTION


Take a Closer Look at Novus AquacultureNovuscreatesanimalandnutritionsolutionbasedonscience.Groundedinlabresearchand tested in practical field studies,Novus products have long provided innovativesolutions for thepoultry, swine, dairy, beef and aqua industries.Over2,500 clients innearly100countriestrustNovustobeanintegralpartoftheirdailyanimalagricultureoperations.

Now that tradition of innovation continues with solutions for aquaculture.Novusmonitors the evolving needs of the industry on a daily basis. Novus understands its many pressures, for which the talented researchers anddevelopersarecontinuouslyworkingtocreatesolutions.Drivenbycustomerfeedback,thisteamisfocusedonprovidingtheindustrywithsustainableandcost-efficientsolutions.Novusisdedicatedtoanticipatingtodaywhattheindustrywillneedtomorrow.

Aquaculturewillsoonbecometheworld’sleadingsourceofanimalprotein,providingwholesomenutritiontoanever-growingpopulation.Toproducethefoodthat’sneededinaprofitable,sustainablemanner,theindustryfacesmanysignificantchallenges.Nowandinthefuture,theindustrycancountonNovusastheirpartnerinovercomingthesechallenges.

Novus: Investing in the Future of AquacultureNovus is committed to makingAquaculture production more efficient and profitable.The Novus staff, which includes nearly 80 research anddevelopmentexperts,dedicatesitselftothismissioneveryday.Andbysupportinggraduatescholarshipsatleadingaquacultureresearchinstitutionsworldwide,Novusisalsoinvestinginthefutureoftheindustry.

Novus’sgoalistoprovideinnovativetotalmanagementsolutionsthatoptimizeaquacultureproduction.Novusisdedicatedtoprovidingcustomizedsolutionsthatenhancethehealthandperformanceofyouranimals.

Tolearnmoreaboutouraquaculturesolutions,contactyourlocalNovusSalesRepresentativeorNovusCustomerService.OutsideoftheU.S.,call+1.314.576.8886,withintheU.S.,[email protected].

CLOSER LOOKtake a

at Novus Aquaculture

Our solutions focus on providing health through nutrition. Our complete portfolio of gut environment modifiers together with our extensive R&D and application expertise, have positioned our technologies as successful tools across the world and the industry.

® is a trademark of Novus International, Inc., and is registered in the United States and other countries. TM SOLUTIONS SERVICE SUSTAINABILITY is a trademark of Novus International, Inc. ©2012 Novus International, Inc. All rights reserved. 2978

www.novusint.com/aqua

FEED COST REDUCTION | HEALTH THROUGH NUTRITION | OPTIMIZED RAW MATERIALS | FUNCTIONAL FEEDS | SUSTAINABLE PRACTICES




Olmix GroupFounded in 1995 by Hervé Balusson, Olmix Group was born at the core of Brittany, in Bréhan(Morbihan)fromthewilltofindnaturalalternativestoadditivesusedinagriculture.

Itsbusinessisspeciallybasedonthedevelopmentofnaturaladditivesbasedonseaweeds,trace-elementsandclaystowardsAnimalandVegetalNutritionandHealth.

WithitsfamousAmadéite®,100%naturalbiomaterial,Olmixhasbecomeoneoftheworldwidemainspecialistsofgreentech.Oneofthefirstgreenrefineriesintheworld,theULVANSProject,willsoonbeestablishedinBrittany(France),andwillindustriallyprocessproductsfromalgae.

For15years,Olmixisinvolvedinalgaevalorisation,anditsphilosophyisbasedonthebeliefthattheyarethenew“GreenGold”.Olmixlogoisbythewaybuiltwithalgae,morethanasymbol,forabetterlife!

Olmixispresent in60countriesthroughouttheworld,has250employeesandmakesaturnoverof53,4millionEuros,ofwhich80%ofsalesexported.ListedontheParisStockExchange,Olmixhas7productionsitesinEuropeanditsnaturalinnovationsleadthegrouptobecomeamainreferenceinsustainabledevelopmentwithsignificantgrowthperspectives.OlmixGroup’sstrategyisinphasewithregulationsandenvironmentalevolutionsintheworld.

Trace elements and natural solutionsfor the hygiene and nutrition of

animals and vegetals

Eco-concept rangeMTX+MEcopigletMFeedMSoupMistralMMite

Trace elements rangesFerrousCopperZincManganeseSepiolite (Sepiolsa exclusive distributor) ...

www.olmix.com

INDUSTRYEVENTS:PREVIEW SUPPORTERSOFTHEBIOMARINEBUSINESSCONVENTION



About Pronova BioPharmaPronovaisagloballeaderinresearch,developmentandmanufactureoflipidtherapiesderivedfromnature.

The group's first commercialised product, Omacor/Lovaza, is branded in a number ofcountries (57) throughout Europe,Asia and in theUSA. End-user sales has grown rapidlyinallinternationalmarketsandtheannualrunrateat31December2011reachedUSD1380million,accordingtoIMSHealth.TheproductisthefirstEU-andFDA-approvedomega3-derivedprescriptiondrug.

MarketinganddistributionofPronova'skeyproduct iscurrently licensedtoboth localandglobalpharmaceuticalcompanies.

The company is in the process of developing several new, patentable lipid derivatives.The most advanced lipid derived pharmaceutical programme is in the area of combineddyslipidemia,theabnormalconcentrationoflipidsandlipoproteinsintheblood,forwhichthecompanyhasaproduct,PRC-4016,inclinicaltrials.

Pronovahasalsoannouncedplanstoentertheconsumerhealthcareandclinicalnutritionmarkets,enablingthecompanytofurther leverage itspositionastheworld'slargestmanufacturerofhighgradeomega-3derivedproducts.

Pronova'sheadquartersarelocatedatLysakerinNorway,whileproductiontakesplaceatstate-of-the-artmanufacturingfacilitiesatSandefjordinNorwayandinKalundborg,Denmark.Thecompany'ssharesarelistedonOsloBørswiththetickercodePRON.

Additionalinformationisavailableonwww.pronova.com.

IF PURITY MATTERS

www.pronova.com


ONLINEwww.aquafeed.co.uk/online.php

InternationalAquafeedisalsoavailabletoviewonlinefreeofcharge,withacompletearchiveofbackissues,coverovertwoyearsofthemagazineshistory.Themagazineisavailableasafullonlinemagazine,orasindividualfeatures,thatcanbeseparatelydownloaded,freeofcharge.Formoreinformationpleasevisitthewebsite.

SofiprotéolSofiprotéolwas formed in1983 at the initiativeof the French federationofoilseedandprotein cropproducers : theFop, theONIDOLandUNIP.Originally a financialestablishmentfortheFrenchvegetableoilandproteinsubsidiary,Proléa,Sofiprotéol’sinvestmentsandacquisitionshavemadeitamajoragri-foodgroupinFrancetoday.

Sofiprotéolreliesonanoriginaleconomicmodelcharacterizedby:

• asolidbaseofagriculturalshareholders,representingeachregionofFrance,• anactivepresenceineveryaspectoftheindustry,• astrongcommitmentinthefieldofsustainabledevelopment.

Sofiprotéol’smissionistodeveloptheFrenchvegetableoilandproteinindustry,openupnewmarkets,andensureanequaldistributionofvalueamongitsmembers.

Inordertosucceedinitsmission,Sofiprotéolisinvolvedineveryaspectoftheindustry:

• research,• marketing,• processing,• addingvaluetoproducts.

TheGroup’sstrategyinvolvesmaintainingabalancedpresenceinkeyfieldsrelatedtonutritionandtheenvironment:

• humanandanimalnutrition,• renewableenergyandrenewablechemistrydevelopment.





Z2OZ2Odiscovers,developsandformulatesnaturalmicrobialproductstoimproveperformanceinmanyindustriesglobally.Wehaveaproventrackrecordofcreatinganddeliveringtransformationalvaluethroughfocuseddevelopmentinthreethematicdisciplines:Energy,Food,andfoodsecurity.

OurTechnology isunique in that itcombinesgroupsofnaturallyoccurringbacteria thatworktogethertohelpnaturerestorethebalancelostwithintensivehumanactivitiesandtheirimpactontheenvironment.

Z2OhasfirmlyputEnvironmentalbiotechnologyattheserviceoffoodsecurity.AllourproductsareformulatedtocometogethertosecurebetteravailabilityandaccessibilitytofoodforBillions.Ourstrategyismultidirectionalandaddressesthegrowthinsuppliesandaccessibilitytofoodaswellasthereductioninthedemandfactors.

ThestoryofZ2Oisaboutbeingpioneersandpartners.Weaimtobuildmaterialpositions inadvancedmicrobialtechnologieswhilstworkingwiththecommunitiesinwhichweoperate.

Ourvaluesofbuildingrespect,nurturingrelationshipsandactingresponsiblyareatthecoreofallwedo.Peopleareourkeyassetandourteamwork,innovation,andabilitytocombinetechnicalandcommercialexpertisegiveusouredge.

Get your free APP here


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onyourmobilephone,includingfullfeaturearticles(notto

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InternationalMillingDirectory)Simplyvisitwww.perendale.com

onyourmobiletolaunchtheourapp-itsallfree.

GOMOBILE

EVENTSOurEventsregistercontainsalltheinformationthatyou

needaboutalloftheup-comingindustryevents,andformsanessentialpartofourappforall

industryprofessionals

DEMOTryouronlinedemooftheappon

yourdesktopathttp://www.aquafeed.co.uk/pplapp

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AQUACULTURE

NEWSGLOBAL

INDUSTRYEVENTSIN

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INDUSTRYEVENTS

10th-13thOctober12AquaSur2012,PuertoMontt

Contact: María Paz Fernández, Lado Poniente Km 1.018 Ruta 5 Sur- Puerto Montt- Chile

Tel: +56 2 7565402Email: [email protected]: www.aqua-sur.cl

10th-13thOctober12WorldNutritionForum2012,MarinaBaySands,9RafflesPlace,45-01RepublicPlaza,Singapore

Contact: Herbert Kneissl, Industriestr. 21, 3130 Herzogenburg, Austria

Tel: +43 2782 803 0Fax: +43 2782 803 0Email: organisation @worldnutritionforum. infoWeb: www.worldnutritionforum.info

17th-19thOctober12OffshoreMaricultureConference2012,HiltonHotel,Izmir,Turkey

Contact: Isobel Roberts, Mercator Media Ltd, The Old Mill, Lower Quay, Fareham, Hampshire, PO16 0RA, UK

Tel: +44 1329 825 335Fax: +44 1329 825 330Email: [email protected]: www.offshoremariculture.com

17th-19thOctober12FIGAP/VIVMexico2012,ExpoGuadalajara-HallsJaliscoA&B.Av.MarianoOteroNo.1499Col.VerdeValle-Guadalajara-Jalisco-México

Contact: Patricia Jazo, Palermo 3001 Col. Prados Providencia. Guadalajara, Jalisco. CP.44670

Tel: +52 3336 418119Fax: +52 33 36 411604Email: [email protected]: www.figap.com

22nd-24thOctober12The11thCFFAChinaFish&FishmealAnnualConference,ShanghaiFujianHotel,China

Contact: Charles Wang, 15F, Radio City, 505, Hennessy Road, Hong Kong

Tel: +852 2871 0708Fax: +852 2871 0950Email: [email protected]: www.cffa.me

24th-25thOctober12BioMarineBusinessConvention2012,Fishmonger’sHall,LondonUK

Contact: Veronique Erwes

Email: [email protected]: www.biomarine.org/

24th-24thOctober12InstituteofAquaculture,PhDResearchConference,“Innovationtowardsenhancedaquaticfoodsecurity”,InstituteofAquaculture,PathfootBuilding,UniversityofStirling,Stirling,FK94LA,UK

Contact: Dr Andy Shinn; Dr Darren Green, Institute of Aquaculture, Pathfoot Building, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK

Tel: +44 1786 467883Fax: +44 (0) 1786 472133Email: [email protected]: www.aqua.stir.ac.uk/

25th-26thOctober12TheProteinSummit2012,Amsterdam,Netherlands

Contact: Bridge2Food, Jan van Eijcklaan 2, 3723 BC Bilthoven, The Netherlands

Tel: +31 30 225 2060Email: [email protected]: www.bridge2food.com/Protein-Summit-Bridge2Food-2012.asp

6th-8thNovember12GLOBALG.A.P.SUMMIT2012,Madrid,SpainContact:NinaKretschmer,GLOBALG.A.P.c/oFoodPLUSGmbH,Spichernstr.55,50672Koeln,Germany

Tel: +49 2 21-5 79 93-693Fax: +49 2 21-5 79 93 89Email: [email protected]: www.summit2012.org

7th-9thNovember125thAlgaeWorldAsia,NovotelSingaporeClarkeQuay,Singapore

Contact: Ms Fu Huiyan, 80 Parway Parade, Singapore

Tel: + 65 63469113Fax: +65 6345 5928Email: [email protected]: www.cmtevents.com/main.aspx?ev=121141&pu=215128

13th-16thNovember12EuroTier2012includingBioEnergy,Hannover/Germany

Contact: DLG Service GmbH, DLG, Eschborner Landstrasse 122, 60489 Frankfurt/Main, Germany

Tel: +49 (0) 6924788- 265Fax: +49 69 24788-113Email: [email protected]: www.DLG.org

20th-23rdNovember12XIIInternationalSymposiumonAquacultureNutrition,Villahermosa,Tabasco,México

Contact: Dr. Alfonso Alvarez and M.C. Otilio Méndez Marín, Av Universidad s/n, Zona Cultura, Col. Magisterial, Vhsa. Centro, Tabasco, Mex. C.P. 86040, Mexico

Tel: +52 993 358 1500Email: [email protected]: www.ujat.mx

3rd-4thDecember12AquafeedPlatformEurope-12thPracticalShortCourseTrendsandMarketsinAquacultureFeedIngredients,Nutrition,FormulationandOptimizedProductionandProductQuality,NHHotel,Ghent,Belgium

Contact: Ignace Debruyne, Smart Short Courses, Haverhuisstraat 28, B-8870 Izegem (Belgium)

Tel: +32 51 31 12 74Fax: +32 51 31 56 75Email: [email protected]: www.smartshortcourses.com

4th-5thDecember126thInternationalAlgaeCongress,Rotterdam,TheNetherlands

Contact: Tessa de Boer, Stationsplein Noord 4, 3445 AD WOERDEN, The Netherlands

Tel: +31 348 484 002Fax: +31 348 484 009Email: [email protected]: www.algaecongress.com

EventsKey:

*=Seeourmagazineatthisshow

•=Moreinformationavailable

International Aquafeed events go mobile!Review all of our industry's key events for 2012/13 on our new Events section on the Perendale Publishers App.

5th-7thDecember12AlgaeTechnologyPlatformEuropeDay1:InvestorsmeetDevelopersDay2-3:3rdPracticalShortCourseonAlgaeHarvestingandProcessingforValueAddedApplications,NHHotel,Ghent,Belgium

Contact: Ignace Debruyne, Smart Short Courses, Haverhuisstraat 28, B-8870 Izegem (Belgium)

Tel: +32 51 31 12 74Fax: +32 51 31 56 75Email: algaeprocessing @smartshortcourses.comWeb: www.smartshortcourses.com

7th-9thDecember12ShanghaiInternationalFisheries&SeafoodExposition2012,ShanghaiEverbrightConvention&ExhibitionCenter,No.88CaobaoRd,Shanghai,China

Contact: Shelly Zhou, 11F,Xiuseng Building, No.129 South Laiting Rd, Jiuting Town, Songjiang District, Shanghai, 201615, China

Tel: +86 21 34140187Fax: +86-21-64516467Email: [email protected]: www.sifse.com/en

13th-15thDecember12IAIExpoandISRMAXExpo,IARIGround,PUSA,NewDelhi,India

Contact: Prachi Arora, # 923, Sector 9, U.E. Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India

Tel: +91-9991705621Fax: +91-184-2231050Email: [email protected]: www.isrmaxriceandgrainexpo.co.in

21st-25thFebruary13Aquaculture2013,NashvilleTennessee,USAContact:MarioStael,Begijnengracht40,9000Gent,Belgium

Tel: +32 9 2334912Email: [email protected]: www.was.org

13th-15thMarch13AquaticAsia2013,BITEC,BangkokInternationalTrade&ExhibitionCentre,Bangkok,Thailand

Contact: Guus van Ham, P.O. Box 8800, 3503 RV Utrecht, The Netherlands

Tel: +31 30 295 2302Fax: +31 30 295 2809Email: [email protected]: www.aquatic-asia.net

INDUSTRYEVENTSINDUSTRYEVENTS:PREVIEW

Neil Anthony Sims Co-Founder, CEO, Kampachi Farms, LLC and President of the Ocean Stewards Institute

What is your role at Offshore Mariculture?

As Chairman, I hope to stimu-latediscussion.ButIamalsoverymuchtheretolistenandlearn,aswell.Iwillaskthedumbquestions,to save others from the embar-rassment.

Who is Offshore Mariculture aimed at?

Industry – those who aspireto grow their aquaculture oper-ations, and to expand fur theroffshore, into deeperwater.Andisn’tthatallofus?

What are the themes of Offshore Mariculture?

The expansion offshore isstar ting now. More correctly, ithas started.We have the capa-bility,wehavethe incentives,andwe have shown we can do thisinanenvironmentallyresponsibleway.

The technology that allowsoffshore farming is now refinedtoanewlevelofoperationaleffi-ciency in Kona, Panama, Chile,Canada, Norway … farms inmoreandmoreexposedsitesareabletooperatewithgreatereffi-cientlyandprofitably.

There is also exciting researchout ofAustralia and Kona thatsuggests that offshore culturesystems may actual ly offerimprovedbiologicalperformanceofthefish,withfasterfishgrowth,higher survival, better FCRs andlowerstress.

And the environmental datais overwhelmingly positive.Withover a decade of operation inthe offshore environment, there

is now a resounding body ofevidence of no significant envi-ronmental impact – usually nomeasureable signature fromoperations at all. Attheconference,FAOisgoing to be reportingon a soon-to-be-pub-lished study from agroup of experts thathavecollatedtheglobaloffshore culture expe-riences to date, con-sideredalltheavailabledata, and reached thissameconclusion.

What can participants expect to see and do?

Theycangetupdateson s igni ficant newadvances in numeroust e chno logy a rea s :mooring systems fordeepwater,newnettingmaterials,new submersible pen systems,andnewfeedsdevelopmentthatreduces the reliance on foragefisheries.

With so many industry shows, why should people attend Offshore Mariculture?

It focuses exclusively on thechallenges and opportunities ofoffshoreculture.

What are you most excited about for Offshore Mariculture?

What was once aspirational isnow demonstrably achievable.Theconferenceoffersanoppor-tunity to clarify the commercialopportunities for expansion intothetrulyoffshorerealmoverthenext decade – to separate theclever research from the com-merciallyrewarding.

What are you going to make sure you see/do at Offshore Mariculture?

I am keen to see more of the

Norwegian developments inoffshoretechnology.

Iamalsoeagertoseethelevelofoperational efficiency that the

Turkish aquaculture industry hasbeenabletoachieveonexposedfarm sites. How far offshore,how deep, and what sea condi-tions?

How does this event compare to previous ones?

There is growing recognitionfrom NGOs and internationaldevelopment agencies that themuch-vaunted‘Blue Revolution’has to happen.We must makeithappen! It is theonlywaythatwe can feedninebillion increas-ingly affluent, health-consciousconsumerswiththeseafoodthatthey crave and need, withoutfurther impacting already heavilyexploitedwildstocks.

And there is growing recogni-tion that the offshore pioneersare making this vision becomingreality.And that reality is hap-peningrightnow!

Any other news or things you would like to discuss?

We a l so p l a n i n i n t r o -

d u c i n g a r e s o l u t i o n f o radoption by the Conferencep lenar y ca l l i ng fo r cogn i -zantinternationalagenciesto

provideclar ityontheregula-tor y framework for aquacul-ture in international water s,and to advise on any stepsthat must be taken to allowresponsible , managed growthof aquaculture beyond EEZsorTerr itor ialWaters (wherethere isnoEEZ).

Therearealreadygenuinecom-mercial interests exploring thepotential for aquaculture on theHigh Seas. In the Mediterranean,where no countr y has yetdeclared an EEZ, InternationalWaters start at the end of theTerritorialWaters – 12 nauticalmilesoffshore.Inthenextdecade,we can expect to see aquacul-turemovingintothesewaters,sonow is the time that we shouldbegin to prepare for this even-tuality.

TheUShasdemonstratedoverthe last 10 years how not todevelop an offshore aquacultureindustry.The responsible, sustain-ablegrowthofaquacultureintherest of the ocean realm shouldnot be hobbled by similar inef-fectuality.

OFFSHOREMARICULTURE2012


INDUSTRYEVENTS:PREVIEWIN

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Margarita Vergara, General Manager, TechnoPress S.A

What is your role at AquaSur 2012?

Mymainroleistoguaranteeasuc-cessful eventwhere businessmen,investors,authorities,bankers,exec-utives,professionals, foreigndelega-tions, researchers, academics, andthemediameettolearnaboutthelatest developments in equipment,services,andtechnologiesdesignedfor this important sector of theeconomy.

Who is AquaSur 2012 aimed at?

AquaSurisaimateveryperson,com-panies,suppliersandprofessionalsoftheaquacultureindustry.Infact,AquaSurisnotonly focusedonsalmon,but ineveryculturedspecies.Wholesalers,retailers,transportationservicecompa-niesandallthosecompaniesinvolvedintheindustryarealsoinvited.

Our main goal is exchangingexperiences, showing new tech-nologiesandput thenew trendsonthehandsofprofessionalsandfarmers.


Interestsarediverse,butineveryeditionparticipantsareseekingfornewbusiness opportunities, inter-estedonnewtrendsandtechnol-ogies, genetic advances, etc., buttheshowisalsoanexcellentspotformeeting clients andprospects,andlookingfornewsuppliers.

With so many industry shows, why should people attend AquaSur 2012?

AquaSur isaneventof interna-tionalconnotationandoneofthemostcomprehensiveeventsoftheaquacultureindustry.AquaSurhaspositioned itself that way thanks

toalltheservicesavailableduringtheshow,intendedforbothexhib-itorsandvisitors,aswellasforthequalityofitslecturersandprofes-sionals.Thelogisticandlocationisanotherimportantaspecttotakeintoaccountbythepeople.

What are your expectations about AquaSur 2012?

Itwillbedoubtlessagreatsuccessjustlikepreviouseditionsifallgoesaswe´veplannedandwedon´tfaceanynaturaleventintheregion.

AquaSurinexpectedfigures:• 40countries• 18,000visitors• 1,000exhibitors• 20lecturers

How does AquaSur 2012 compare to previous ones?

WhencomparingAquaSur2012withpreviouseditions Iwouldsaywe´ve gained in experience andorganisation taking into consider-ation this is our seventh edition.Takingintoaccountwedon’thavestateof the art infrastructure,wehavetoputmoreeffortandworkharderinordertomeettheneedsof the aquaculture sectorwith allthe requirements involved, thuslogisticplaysanimportantrole.

How has AquaSur changed and developed?

Atthefirstversion(2002)AquaSurhad4,400m2of surface area andrepresentatives from20countries. Inthe fifthversion(2008), thesurfaceincreasedto9,930m2with40coun-triesrepresented,whichshowsthatthesurfacehasbeenmorethandouble,and thepresenceof countries hasincreasedonehundredpercent.

What have been the biggest successes of previous events?

ThebiggestsuccessofAquaSurwas to boost and promoteaquaculture in the whole SouthAmerican region,mainly inChileafter the outbreak of ISA viruswhichaffectedussomeyearsago.Todaywecountwithunexpectedproduction and expor t levelsof salmon, and we´re sure thatAquaSurhascontributedingreatextendtothissuccess.

AQUASUR201210th - 13th October 12, Puerto Montt, Chile

www.eurotier.deincludingwww.eurotier.com

including

The world´s top event for animal production

Your BusinessDriven by Innovations

Your BusinessDriven by Innovations

Your Business

Hanover / Germany13 – 16 November 2012

Tel.: +49 69/24788-265, E-Mail: [email protected]

RZ_130x180_Anzeige_ET_JP EN.indd 1 09.07.12 15:23September-October 2012 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | 46


Upcoming

Events for 2013

Making Sense of Science

February 21 - 25, 2013Nashville, Tennessee USA

For all info contact us onwww.was.com

[email protected]

The international triennial conference & exposition of World Aquaculture Society

August 9 - 12, 2013 Trondheim, Norway

Organised by European Aquaculture Society

For all info contact us onwww.easonline.org

Asia Pacific Aquaculture

December 10-13th,2013Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Aquaculture Europe

World Aquaculture

For all info contact us onwww.was.com

[email protected]

INDUSTRYEVENTS:PREVIEWIN

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Patricia Jazo, Event Organiser

What is the objective of holding Figap/VIV 2012?

Figap/VIV is an event focusedon the livestock industry withthe intention of helping Mexico’slivestock producers raise theirproductivity and revenues byhelping them learn about themost modern production tech-niques. Our intention is that thelivestock industry will discoverthe production methods used inother parts of the world, makebusinesscontactsandapplytheminMexico.

What industr y sectors willbenefitfromtheevent?

It is an expo with a very widerange of possibilities.The goal isthat any industry related to live-stockandtheraisingandbreedingof any animal species will findsomethingofinterest.

Someexamplesinclude:• Balancedfeedproducers• Any type of l i vestock

producer• Companies specialised in

animalhealthandgenetics• Petfoodmanufacturers• Aquacultureoperations• Distributors of ingredients

andadditives


Par ticipants will find a better-structured Figap/VIV.This eventwill be divided into businessunits:• Animalhealth• Nutrition• Technology• Innovation• Genetics• Reproduction• Knowledge• HandlingWith these areas Figap/VIV

coversthegreatmajorityofneedsof event attendees and makestheir visit more productive andbetterfocused.

With so many industry shows,why should people attend Figap/VIV2012?

Figap/VIV is different from theother events. It takes place ina venue specifically set up forevents of this type, and bringstogether the entire productionchain for both agriculture andlivestock. In addition to beinganexpo, it also includes a FeedTechnology Production Schoolthattakesplacetwodaysbeforethe main event. It’s an inclu-siveeventopentoanyonewhowants to exhibit or visit.Theexpo attracts exhibitors fromEurope,Asia, the United States,Canada and LatinAmerica.Allthese factors qualify Figap/VIVas‘the only high level livestockeventinMexico’.

What are you most excited about for Figap/VIV 2012?

This year Figap/VIV will receivethelargestnumberofparticipantsinitshistory,forbothexhibitorsaswell as attendees. Itwill continueestablishingitselfasMexico’smostimportantlivestockeventandoneofthetopthreeeventsofitskindinLatinAmerica.We’reconfidentthat this year will result in morebusiness deals closed, more jointventures formed andmore satis-fied customers than ever before.Our goal is that both exhibitorsand attendees will depar t theevent with the date of the nextFigap/VIV show noted in theiragendas as an event not to bemissed.

In your opinion, what will participants find at the event?

Par ticipantswillfindthemostmodern of ever ything in al lareas of the industr y.And bymodernImeantheinnovations,product launches and tech-nologyhappeninginthedevel-opedworld. When they leaveFigap/VIV,par ticipantswillhavelearnedaboutthelatestgener-ation of equipment and inno-

vations.When they leave theshow they’ l l have the samelevel of knowledge as pro-ducersfromotherpar tsoftheworld.They’ll have a different,moremodernvision.

How does FIGAP/VIV compare to previous ones?

WhenFIGAP/VIVfirstbegantheshowwas focusedonmachinery.The new FIGAP/VIV 2012combinesallthestrategicareasoftheindustryaswellastheleadinginnovations.We’ll be the cutting-edge forum for many companiestopresenttheirproductsanddomore business.Also, Figap’s asso-ciationwithVIVoffersvisitorstheopportunity to meet new com-panies coming from Asia andEurope with innovative visions.Figap andVIV complement eachother strongly, creating syner-gies that range from the begin-ningofthelivestockchainsuchasfeed production and machinerythrough to slaughter and packingservices.

Whathasbeenthemostimpor-tant accomplishment of thepreviouseditionsofFIGAP?

The global geographic originof visitor s to the show hasbeen greatly expanded, thenumber o f exh ib i tor s andvisitors has grown considerablyand Mexican business peoplehave done substantial business,as have the rest of the par tic-ipants.

Can you give us an idea of what new challenges FIGAP/VIV 2014 will take on?

FIGAP/VIVMéxico2012coverseight units and for 2014 thoseeightunitswillbedevelopedinto360º coverage that will reachthe entire spectrum of the live-stock industry, leaving no stoneunturned.As a result FIGAP/VIVMéxico2014willgrowinsizeandreach,crossingborderstobringincountries that are not currentlyparticipating.

Nigel Garbutt, Chairman GLOBALG.A.P.

What are the main themes for the SUMMIT 2012?

The SUMMIT 2012 comesat a time of major impor-tancefortheagrifoodindustry;with threats andopportunitiesin equal measure. Increasedcompetition, climate changeand growing pressure onland, water and other scarceresourcesaremakingithardertodeliversafeandresponsibil-ity managed products withina profitable business model.Equally, demographic, socio-politicalandeconomicchanges- on a truly global scale –presentthepossibilityofaccesstonewmarketsand theneedto more precisely meet theneeds of consumers who areincreasingly aware of safety,healthandsustainabilityissues.

What’s new at GLObALG.A.P.?

Delegates can hear howGLOBALG.A.P’s new entrylevel program localg.a.p. willhelp meet the needs of pro-ducers,retailersandconsumersin expanding global markets.Emerging producers, manywhoaresmallsized,arefacingincreasing challenges to meetfoodsafetytargetsfromregula-tors and buyers alike in theirnational(home)markets.

www.summit2012.org

GLOBALG.A.P.SUMMIT2012

September-October 2012 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | 49September-October 2012 | InternatIOnal AquAFeed | 48

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What are the greatest challenges the aquaculture industry is facing at the moment?

Thefirstchallengeistobeabletofollowthemarketdemandforfish,whichisaroundsevenpercentperyearandisexpectedtofollowatleastthistrendinthefuture.Thisdemandwillbeboostedevenmorebythemiddle-classincreasetheAsianmarkets.

Tomeetthisdemandtheaquacultureindustrywillhavetoincreaseproductionaswellasimproveproductivityandworkon3dimensions:genetics;betterproductionpracticesincludingenvironmentalconsiderationsand;betterfeedperformance.

Forthislastpoint,thechallengewillbetofindawayforfishmeal/fishoilreductionand/orremovalintheformulationssincefishmeal/fishoilareandwillbelimitedintermsofproduction.Besidestheproductionmatter,themarkethasbeendrivingtheindustrytowardmorestandards(traceability,quality,sustainability)requiringrawmaterialmeetingtheseexpectations.

Can you tell us a bit more about your use of Hydrolyzate?

FirstofallaHydrolyzateisbydefinitionadigestedrawmaterialmeaningit

willimprovenaturallythefeeddigestibility(meaningtheFCR).AfunctionalHydrolyzatewillcontainbioactivepeptidesabletoimprovetheoverallphysiologicalstatusoftheanimalbyactingdirectlyonsomekeyphysiologicalmechanismsuchasstress,gutsperformance,growthfactorsandtasteperception.

AspermyR&Dengineersays,“Hydrolysisistheprocesswhichyieldsthemaximumofbioactivepeptidesoutofnativeproteins”.Thesebioactivepeptideswillbeproducedonlyunderthefollowingconditions:selectedrawmaterial(notamixedofdifferentspecies);freshrawmaterial(temperaturecontrolled)and;selectedenzymebioprocesscontrolled(temperature,time&pH).

How does it affect feed performance?

Thanktothesebioactivecompounds,thefunctionalHydrolyzatewillbringtothefeedformulation:abetterphysiologicalstatusoftheanimal;ahigherdigestibilityand;abetterfeedconsumption(tasteperception).Therefore,abettergrowthandlowermortalityalongtheproductioncycle.A‘concentrateoffeedperformance’whichallowsthefeedmanufacturereithertoincreasetheperformanceofitsexistingfeedortokeepthesameperformancewhilethefeedformulationwillbepoorinfishmeal.

What others areas does Aquativ work in?

RegardingthefunctionalHydrolyzate,thenextmoveistoselectthesebioactivepeptidesandproducepurifiedfractionswhichcouldbeusedinspecificdiets.Asindicatedtheunderstandingofthephysiologicaleffectofourbioactivepeptidesassumebeingabletoidentifythemaswellasdemonstratetheiractivityontheanimal.ForthispurposewehavePhDandpartnershipwithuniversities.

How DIANA Group is part of the ‘blue revolution’ supporting the aquaculture industry?

AnticipatingtheneedsofvaluableproteinandsupportedbyAQUATIVdevelopment,DIANAGroup,hasinvestedalotinthelastfewyearsinmarinesourcingbyestablishingnewoperationsworldwideandstrategicpartnerships.

DIANAGroup’sbranding,R&D,performancedemonstrationandinternationalnetworkbringsa‘gotothemarket’dimensiontopartnerships.

DIANA,throughAQUATIVanditsstrategicpartnerships,offersauniquediversifiedmarinerangeoffunctionalHydrolyzatebecomingakeyprocurementpartnerfortheindustryandisthereforepartofthe‘bluerevolution’.

George Marco has 25 years experience in business management and leadership in a global environment, with a double expertise in the food ingredients industry and the B2B business. Based in the United States for the last

seven years, he has also lived and/or worked in Australia, Brazil, Japan, Thailand and France. Most of his career so far has been dedicated to the French Diana group, within which he was SPF Australia General Manager and SPF North America CEO, prior his current position of Aquativ Director worldwide.

Today, George Marco applies his expertise to an ever-widening scope of activities supporting DIANA Group in its strategic move to the Aquafeed industry and strives to develop global R&D, know-how and industrial partnerships.

The aquafeed interviewG

eorg

e Marco

, Directo

r, Aq

uativ

The aquafeed interview

Novusreceives2012newproductinnovationawardinprebiotics

Novus International, Inc. hasbeen selected to receive the2012NorthAmericanNewProduct InnovationAward inPrebioticsforPREVIDA®.TheawardispresentedbyFrost&Sullivan,a50-yearoldglobalmarketresearchorganisationof1,800analystsandconsultantswhomonitormorethan300industriesand250,000companies.

“NovusisproudtoreceivetheNewProductInnovationawardfromFrost&Sullivan,”statedThadSimons,PresidentandCEO,atNovus.“We’reequallyhumbledbythisrecognitionbecauseourmissionisnottoseekawardsforwhatwedo;ratheritistofocusonsustainablymeetingthegrowingglobalneedforhealthandnutrition.We’reexcitedaboutofferingourcustomersthehealthandnutritionsolutionsassociatedwithfeedingPREVIDA.”

Frost&Sullivan’sselectionofPREVIDAwastheresultofadecisionsupportmatrix(DSM)comprisedoffivecriteria,including1)InnovativeElementoftheProduct,2)LeverageofLeading-EdgeTechnologies,3)ValueAddedFeatures/Benefits,4)IncreasedCustomerROIand5)CustomerAcquisition/PenetrationPotential.Frost&SullivanconcludedthatPREVIDAwastrulyaninno-vativeproductwithimmensemarketpenetrationpotential.

PREVIDAisauniqueprebioticcomprisedofanall-natural,hemicelluloseextractthatpromotesintestinalhealthforavarietyofaquaticspecies.Theproductcontainsahighlevelofsolubledietaryfiberintheformofspecificoligosaccharides,whichhavebeenshowntoprovidecompellingdigestivehealthbenefits.StudiessuggestPREVIDAimpactsgutmicrofloraandoptimizesimmuneresponseleadingtohealthier,moreresilientshrimpandfish.

PREVIDAwasdiscoveredbyresearchscientistsatTemple-Inland,awoodproductscompany.AfterTemple-Inlandassessedthenutritionalprofileandhealthbenefitsoftheproduct,theyreachedouttoNovusforitsexpertiseindevelopinganimalhealthandnutritionsolutions.NovushastheexclusiveglobalmarketinganddistributionrightsforPREVIDA.

“PREVIDAisthefirstrealalternativetoMOS,”saidDr.FranciscoS.Gomes,ExecutiveManagerAquaBusinessUnit,atNovus.“ForyearstheindustryhasconsistentlyreducedtheinclusionratesofMOSlookingforacostbenefit.PREVIDAoffersthiscostbenefitbecauseitisaholisticsolution.”

www.novusint.com

LallemandAquacultureSeminar2012:Intestinalhealthinaquaculture

LallemandAnimalNutritionwaspleasedtohostitsmainaquaculturetechnicaleventforthefirsttimeinSouthEastAsia.Thishighlytechnicaleventdedicatedtofishandshrimpintestinalhealthgatheredmorethan200participantsfromSouthEastAsia,centralAsiaandMiddleEastovera2-dayconference.

Atotalof13eminentspeakersandexpertsfromallovertheworldgavemorethan15scientificandtechnicalpresentationsintheareasofmicrobiology,immunity,nutrition,fishandshrimphealth.Particularattentionwaspaidtohighlightingtherecentadvancesandknowledgeonintestinalhealthinaquaticspeciesandtheimportanceofgutmanagementwhendevelopinginno-vativeandsustainablesolutionstooptimizetheperformanceofaquaculturesystems.

AcademicspeakersandLallemand’sproductmanageralsodeliveredthestateofthescienceaboutthemechanismsofactionandbenefitsoftheunique,scientificbasedandfieldsupportedprobioticstrainPediococcusacidilacticiMA18/5M(Bactocell®).

Key industrialcompanies, farmers, scientistsandnutritionistsattendedthisevent,andpositivelyreceivedthehighly technicalscopeofthisseminar,makingit,asexpressedbytheparticipants,‘auniqueeventatthecrossroadsofscienceandindustry’.

www.lallemandanimalnutrition.com

NutrecoretiringCEOWoutDekkermadeOfficeroftheOrderofOranje-Nassau

AtafarewellsymposiumandreceptiononSeptember19,2012,MrHenkBleker,theDutchStateSecretaryforAgriculture,steppedforwardtoappointretiringNutrecoChiefExecutiveOfficerWoutDekkerasanOfficeroftheOrderofOranje-Nassau.Thehonour,whichisgrantedbytheRoyalHouseholdofthe

Netherlands,isgiveninrecognitionofspecialmeritinsocietyinthewaytherecipienthascarriedouthisorheractivities.Presentingthehonour,HenkBlekercommentedthatwhatmakesWoutDekkertrulyexceptionalarehisqualitiesasaninspirer,apioneerandavisionary.HeaddedthatDekkerisarolemodelforthemodernChiefExecutiveOfficer,ensuringhisbusinessperformsexcellentlywhilealsofullyembracingitssocialresponsibility.

Speakingaftertheevent,WoutDekkersaid:"Iamsincerelyproudtoreceivethishonour.WhileitrecognisesthedevelopmentofNutrecoanditsroleinagricultureandaquacultureasameansoffeedingtheglobalpopu-lation,inthatcontextitalsoreflectsthecombinedcontributionsofthethousandsofNutrecomenandwomenaroundtheworld;contributionsthatwillcontinuethroughtheworkofNutreco."


INDUSTRYFACESA

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Innovations for a better world.

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