The Treaty of VersaillesThe Whos and Whats

CommitmentOnce the United States decided to commit to WWI, ALL citizens had to contribute1. Soldiers: Selective Service Act: DraftConscientious Objector: Moral beliefs forbids one to fight2. Money: Bernard Baruch: WIB3. Supplies: Conserve4. Public Opinion: George Creel: PresidentCommittee on Public Information: Educate Public 5. Loyalty: Espionage Act: Treasonable Newspaper Articles and Speeches Banned *Schenck v. U.S.: Upheld against speech*Abrams v. U.S.: Upheld against print

RECRUITMENT POSTERS

FINANCIAL POSTERS

Anti-German Posters

The Great MigrationMany African Americans Moved north for war industry jobs (Chicagoetc)Many Mexican Immigrants enter the U.S. for war jobs (Los Angeles)

The Great War Ends!By Oct. 1918: The tide of the war had been turned and Germany wanted peaceWilson offered 14 point peace planNovember 11th, 1918Armistice signedThe 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month 1918*8,000,000 Soldiers killed

The Big Four at the Paris Peace Talks (1919)Woodrow Wilson - President, United StatesGeorges Clemenseau - Premier of FranceDavid Lloyd George - Prime Minister of BritainVittorio Orlando Foreign Minister of Italy

Woodrow WilsonIdealist - thought WWI would be war to end all warsFourteen Points (plan for lasting peace)self-determinationpeace without victorydisarmamentfair treatment of colonial peoplesLeague of Nations

Georges ClemenseauFrance had been destroyed in WWIwanted protection from further Germany attacksget rid of German militarymake Germany pay for war

David Lloyd GeorgeMost afraid of German u-boatswanted to get rid of German navywanted German colonieswanted to get paid for losses

Vittorio OrlandoItaly entered war because of promise of cities in Austria.Was given Tryrol and Triestedemanded more but when others refused he walked out.The Big Four became the Big Three

Treaty of Versailles1919 Weimar Republic, German democratic government, was forced to sign it.

War Reparations$5 billion within 2 years$28 billion (after the damages were tallied)

German military100,000 soldiers6 warshipsno planesno submarines

*Treaty of VersaillesWar Guilt Clause``The Allied and Associated Governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility of Germany and her allies for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied and Associated Governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed upon them by the aggression of Germany and her allies.'' Article 231

War Guilt ClauseGermany was the blame for starting the war.The most hated part of the treaty.

Mandate systemMandates - colonies of former Central Powers to be given to Allied nations To be given their independence sometime in future.From Ottoman Empire:Syria (France)Egypt and Palestine (Britain)

Borders changedNew countriesCzechoslovakiaPoland (Polish corridor split Germany in two)Yugoslavia LatviaEstoniaFinlandhttp://www.learn.co.uk/versailles/1919/maps.htm

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Treaty of VersaillesFlorida Holocaust Museumhttp://www.flholocaustmuseum.org/history_wing/thirdreich/treaty_versailles.cfm

WILSONS PEACE PLANFourteen Points Peace w/o Victory1. Ban Secret Treaties2. Guarantee Freedom of the Seas3. Remove International Tariff Barriers4. Reduce Armaments5. Adjust Colonial Claims (Respect Colonial Peoples)6. Territory Changes Based on Self-Determination7. Formation of a League of Nations*Other Points Dealt with Border Adjustments and the freeing of captured territoriesHenry Cabot Lodge: Did not support plan

America Rejects TreatyJune 28, 1919: Treaty of VersaillesGermany1. Lost Colonies (Alsace and Lorraine)2. Lost Coal Mines3. Forced to reduce army4. Navy crippled5. Germany had to pay $33 Billion in reparations*Very Strict Terms*Irreconcilables: Isolationists (did not like treaty)Reservationists: Did not like wording in League of Nations Plan

League of NationsIn the Treaty of VersaillesIntent to prevent future warsOpponents would drag the country into unnecessary military commitmentsHenry Cabot Lodge against League of NationsSenate refuses to ratify Treaty of VersaillesTreaty NEVER ratified by United States

The Treaty seemed to satisfy the "Big Three" overall. It made sure that Germany was too weak to start another European War, yet strong enough to help stop the spread of Communism. It kept the French border with Germany safe from future German attacks. It created the League of Nations. This would help promote peace and trade throughout the world.

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