1. What is a TRANSLATOR ? What about an INTERPRETER ?

2. COMMUNICATOR VS. TRANSLATOR 3. MONOLINGUAL COMMUNICATOR As a sender: a)Obliged to encode message into the language used by the sender; b)Obliged to encode messages different from those received; c) Obliged to transmit them to the previous sender. 4. TRANSLATOR The encoding a)Consists of re-encoding into a different language; b)Concerns the same message as was received; c) Is aimed at a group of receivers who are not the same as the original sender. 5. WHAT IS THE USUAL CONNOTATION ON INTERPRETERS? 6. WHAT IS THE USUAL CONNOTATION TO THOSE WHO USE INTERPRETERS? 7. BUT WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A TRANSLATOR AND AN INTERPRETER? 8. TRANSLATORS VS. INTERPRETERS 9. TRANSLATORS VS. INTERPRETERS They perform similar tasks, but in different settings. An interpreter converts any spoken material from one language (the source language) into a different language (the target language), a translator converts written material in the same manner. 10. Interpreting can occur in a variety of settings, such as conferences, meetings and over the telephone, and can take the form of either simultaneous or consecutive speech (the interpreter listens to portions of a speech at a time, then interprets the segments as the original speaker is silent). Translation can also occur in various settings. Translation can occur on any form of written work, including literature, newspapers, contracts, software interfaces, and web sites (which is known as localization). 11. MEMORY, MEANING AND LANGUAGE 12. WHAT DO COMMUNICATORS KNOW ABOUT LANGUAGE? Converting amorphous ideas into concepts organized into propositions (semantic knowledge) Mapping propositions, which are universal and not tied to any language (syntactic knowledge) Realizing clauses as utterances and texts in actual communicative situations (rhetorical knowledge) 13. They are more consciously aware of language and resources it contains rather than monolingual communicators are. TRANSLATORS There are, at the very least, two languages and two cultures involved 14. MONOLINGUAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS 15. TRANSLATING COMMUNICATION PROCESS 16. IMPOSSIBILITY OF 100% EQUIVALENCE 17. INFLUENCED BY INDIVIDUALITY & ENVIRONMENT 18. 2 KINDS OF EXPLANATION NEEDED IN TRANSLATING 1. PSYCHOLINGUISTIC EXPLANATION Focuses on decoding and encoding 2. TEXT-LINGUISTIC or SOCIOLINGUISTIC EXPLANATION Focuses more on the participants, nature of the message, and ways in which the resources of the code are drawn upon by users to create meaning- carrying signals 19. We define TRANSLATION as The replacement of a representation of a text in one language by a representation of an equivalent text in a second language. 20. HOW DOES THIS HAPPEN? 21. THANK YOU!