vaccines tetanus haemophilus mmr nikki hoheisel morgan rehm michelle savage amy lindgren
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VaccinesTetanus
HaemophilusMMR
Nikki Hoheisel
Morgan Rehm
Michelle Savage
Amy Lindgren
Mode of TransmissionTetanus is caused by a toxin produced
by a bacterium, Clostridium tetani. They produce spores that are very
difficult to kill as they are resistant to heat and many chemical agents.
Enters through a break in the skinThe toxin causes painful muscle spasms Attacks the jaw muscles first “lock jaw”Without the vaccine, 3 in 10 would die
VaccineSeveral vaccines are used to prevent
tetanus among children, adolescents, and adults including DTaP, Tdap, DT, and Td.
Can be used in three ways:◦As a catch-up for people who did not get
all their doses of DTaP when they were children
◦As a booster, dose every 10 years◦For protection against tetanus infection
after a wound
When to VaccinateThere are four combination vaccines
used to prevent diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis: DTaP, Tdap, DT, and Td.
DTaP and DT are given to children younger than 7 years of age
Tdap and Td are given to older children and adults
Children should get 5 doses of DTaP, one dose at each of the following ages: 2, 4, 6, and 15-18 months and 4-6 years.
Why do we vaccinate?Tetanus has a high fatality rate. In
recent years, tetanus has been fatal in about 11% of reported cases and as high as 18% in persons age 60 years and older, and 22% in unvaccinated persons.
There is no "cure" for tetanus (management)
The best "treatment" is prevention through immunization.
Almost all cases of tetanus are in persons who have never been vaccinated, or who completed their childhood series, but did not have a booster dose in the preceding 10 years.
Haemophilus Influenzae Type b
Back ground:Also referred to as HibSystemic bacterial disease of young children
worldwideGerms spread from person to personEffects children under age 5Peak time to get it is between 6-11 months of
age35% of survivors developed neurologic
diseases20,000 cases annually, 12,000 meningitis
w/5% mortality (death rate 1 in 20)
Vaccine Information
Is done as a combination Interchangeable w/ other Hib vaccinesNumber of vaccines needed (4 if use other
brands than PedvaxHIB)May be given at the same time as other
vaccinesGiven between 2 months and 6 yearsDo not give before 6 weeks as this will lead
to a reduced anti-PRP responseNot recommended for over 6 years of age,
as these children are generally not at risk for the disease
Diseases that Hib Causes
PneumoniaSevere swelling in the throat,
making it hard to breatheInfections of the blood, joints,
bones, and covering of the heartDeath
Risks for the Hib Vaccine
Can cause allergic reactionsThe risk of Hib vaccine causing serious harm
or death is extremely smallMost do not have any problems with it.
Mild Problems:Redness, warmth, or swelling where the shot
was given (up to ¼ of children)Fever over 101 degrees Fahrenheit (Up to 1
out of 20 children)
Reactions to Hib Vaccine
Moderate or severe Reactions:What to look for
◦ High fever◦ Behavior changes◦ Allergic reaction
Difficulty Breathing, Hoarseness or Wheezing, Hives, Paleness, Weakness, Fast Heart Beat, Dizziness within a few minutes to a few hours after the shot.
What to do◦ Call a doctor, or get the person to a doctor right away◦ Tell your doctor what happened, the date and time it
happened, and when the vaccination was given◦ Ask your doctor, nurse, or health department to report
the reaction by filing a Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System Form
Measles◦ Virus causes rash, cough, runny nose, eye irritation, and
fever◦ It can lead to ear infection, pneumonia, seizures, brain
damage and death Mumps
◦ Virus causes fever, headache, and swollen glands 30-40% Parotitis (swollen Parotid gland)
◦ It can lead to deafness, meningitis, painful swelling of the testicles or ovaries and rarely; death
Rubella◦ Virus causes rash, mild fever, and arthritis (mostly in
women)◦ If a woman gets rubella while she is pregnant, she could
have a miscarriage or her baby could be born with serious birth defects
Measles, Mumps, Rubella Vaccine (MMR)
Mumps
Measles Rubella
Swollen Parotid gland
Rash
Mode of TransmissionMeasles
◦Large respiratory dropletsMumps
◦Airborne transmission◦Direct contact with infected droplet
nuclei or salivaRubella
◦Airborne transmission or droplets
Who should get vaccinatedChildren should get 2 doses of
the MMR vaccine◦The first at 12-15 months of age◦The second at 4-6 years of age
Generally anyone 18 years or older who were born after 1956 should get at least one dose of the MMR vaccine
Who should NOT get vaccinated
People who have ever had a life threatening allergic reaction to gelatin, the antibiotic neomycin or to a previous dose of MMR vaccine
People who are moderately or severely ill at the time of the shot
Pregnant woman should wait to get MMR vaccineCheck with your doctor if you:
◦ HIV/AIDS or other diseases that affect the immune system
◦ Is being treated with drugs that affect the immune system for 2 weeks or longer
◦ Has cancer of any kind◦ Is taking cancer treatment with x-ray or drugs◦ Has ever had a low platelet count
Risks from MMR vaccine Most people do not have any problems with it Mild problems
◦ Fever, mild rash swelling of glands in the cheeks or neck (rare)
◦ Usually occurs within 7-12 days after the shot Moderate problems
◦ Seizure caused by fever◦ Temporary pain and stiffness in the joints◦ Temporary low platelet count which can cause a bleeding
disorder Severe problems
◦ Serious allergic reaction◦ Deafness, long term seizures, coma, permanent brain
damage. These happen so rarely, experts can not be sure if they are
actually caused by the vaccine.
How to learn more
Ask your doctor or nurse. They can give you the vaccine package insert or suggest other sources of information
Call your local or state health department’s immunization program
Contact the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)◦Call 1-800-232-4636◦Visit the National Immunization Program’s
website at www.cdc.gov/vaccines