World War I: The Great War 1914-1918

Chapter 27

Objectives: SWBAT explain the immediate causes of WWI. SWBAT explain how European alliances led to the involvement of various nations is the war.

DO NOW: Take out HW… Answer: List three things you learned about WWI from your reading. Write down one question that you have about WWI.

WORLD WAR I CASUALTIES Allied Powers

Russia 12,000,000 1,700,000 4,950,000 2,500,000 9,150,000 76.3France 8,410,000 1,357,800 4,266,000 537,000 6,160,800 76.3

British Empire 8,904,467 908,371 2,090,212 191,652 3,190,235 35.8Italy 5,615,000 650,000 947,000 600,000 2,197,000 39.1

United States 4,355,000 126,000 234,300 4,500 364,800 8.2Japan 800,000 300 907 3 1,210 0.2

Romania 750,000 335,706 120,000 80,000 535,706 71.4Serbia 707,343 45,000 133,148 152,958 331,106 46.8

Belgium 267,000 13,716 44,686 34,659 93,061 34.9Greece 230,000 5,000 21,000 1,000 17,000 11.7Portugal 100,000 7,222 13,751 12,318 33,291 33.3

Montenegro 50,000 3,000 10,000 7,000 20,000 40.0Total 42,188,810 5,152,115 12,831,004 4,121,090 22,104,209 52.3 %

Central PowersGermany 11,000,000 1,773,700 4,216,058 1,152,800 7,142,558 64.9Austria-Hungary 7,800,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 2,200,000 7,020,000 90.0

Turkey 2,850,000 325,000 400,000 250,000 975,000 34.2Bulgaria 1,200,000 87,500 152,390 27,029 266,919 22.2

Total 22,850,000 3,386,200 8,388,448 3,629,829 15,404,477 67.4%

Grand Total 65,038,810 8,538,315 21,219,452 7,750,919 37,508,686 57.6%

Causes of WWI1. Imperialism

– Nations under the control of various empires (Germany, Austria- Hungary, Ottoman Empire) want autonomy (independence)

2. Nationalism– People increasingly identify themselves on the basis of

nationality– Nations want their own sovereign countries

3. Militarism– Due to imperialism, nations build up their armies, navies– Has a “snowball” effect…. Competition for “bigger guns”

4. Tangle of Alliances– European nations have numerous treaties with each other– Balance of power is held by few powerful nations/ empires

Franz FerdinandArchduke of Austria-Hungary

Heir to the throne

Gavrilo PrincipSerbian NationalistBlack Hand group

Nicky-Willy TelegramsNicky & Willy telegrams

The War Begins….

The 2 Sides:

Allies• Serbia • Russia• Great Britain• France• Italy (decides not to honor

its Triple Alliance agreement with Germany and Austria)

• Japan• United States

Central Powers• Germany• Austria – Hungary• Bulgaria• Ottoman Empire

The Schaeffer Plan

• Western Front: Western Front Animated Map

35 Nations eventually join in the Great War

Life in the Trenches&

Modern Warfare

Play video: Life in the trenches

Documents populations affected

• Populations documents

Homework:

Chapter 27, Section 2: Complete All Section Review Questions.

World War I: Balkans, Ottoman Empire, United States

• SWBAT identify the reasons for Japan’s, Ottoman Empire’s and the United States’ entries into WW I.

DO NOW: Copy topic and objective.

The BalkansCentral Powers• Bulgaria

Allied Powers• Serbia• Italy (secret treaty)

• German colonial possessions

Taking Sides…..Japan: Allies• Seizes German outposts in China and Pacific IslandsOttoman Empire: Central Powers• Sees Russia as a threat• Dardanelles strait• Battle of Gallipolli

– 10 months– 200,000 casualties

• Middle East: Arab nationalist revolts– Britain’s T.E. Lawrence aids Husayn ibn Ali

United States• Policy of Neutrality• 1917 U.S. Declares War on Germany• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

– Lusitania, 128 Americans killed• Zimmerman Note

– Telegram to Mexico– In return for help, Germany to help Mexico reconquer

territories lost in the Mexican-American War– Telegram intercepted by the British

• Woodrow Wilson– “a war to end war”, “to make the world safe for

democracy”

Russia: revolution forces Nicolas II to abdicate• V.I. Lenin comes to power• Treaty of Brest-Litovsk withdraws Russia from war

Western Front: March 1918, last attempt at victory

– German offensive exhausts forces

• Germany: citizens force Kaiser Wilhelm II to step down

• Austria-Hungary: nationalist revolts, empire crumbles

War comes to an end….

Paris Peace Conference & The Treaty of Versailles• U.S., Great Britain, France• Wilson’s 14 Points and self-determination:

– Eastern & Southern Europe, Ottoman Empire, colonies– Territorial concerns (borders) (to be discussed in detail at a later date)

• League of Nations– Goal: collective security– No secret treaties

• Treaty of Versailles:– Places blame for war on Germany– Reparations = $30 billion (destruction, pensions, etc.)– Limited size of military– Alsace & Lorraine returned to France

NOVEMBER 11: ARMISTICE

SIGNED

Closing: Journals

President Wilson said that the U.S. would enter WWI to fight for the spread of democracy.

Do you think that this is a good justification for fighting a war?

Are there legitimate justifications for fighting wars OR is war never justified ?

Minimum 3 full paragraphs.

HOMEWORK:

• What is genocide?• How many genocides have taken place

throughout history?• What is the total number of people who were

killed as a result of genocide?

WW I: Impact of the War

Objectives:SWBAT explain how WWI impacted the world’s economic and political systems. SWBAT discuss whether the Treaty of Versailles adequately addresses the problems that led to the war in Europe.

Impact of the War:Total War:

Affects all aspects of societyDraft, forced civilian labor, setting of prices, strikes forbiddenMen to the front; women to workPropaganda: posters, etc. used to gain support for war

Economics: Economies reorganized to meet demands of the warFrance:

lost 20,000 factories, 300,000 homes, 1,360,000 livestock, thousands of acres of forests and farmsMore than ½ of all 20-34 year old males dead

DebtInfluenza Pandemic (1918)

20 million dead

Solutions:DEBT GERMANY PAYS

REPARATIONSGERMANY RESENTS THE

CONDITIONS OF THE PEACE TREATY

MILITARISM GERMANY TO REDUCE SIZE OF ITS MILITARY

GERMAN RESENTMENT

IMPERIALISM vs.

NATIONALISM

SELF-DETERMINATION IN EUROPE (POLAND,

YUGOSLAVIA)MANDATES IN THE

COLONIES

BORDERS STILL A PROBLEM

COLONIES WANT “TRUE” INDEPENDENCE

TANGLE OF ALLIANCES & BALANCE OF POWER

LEAGUE OF NATIONS U.S. DOES NOT

JOIN THE LEAGUE

Primary / Secondary Documents Activity:

• In your assigned groups, view the provided documents and/or images.

• Answer the provided questions. • Discuss your answers.• Prepare to “teach” what you’ve learned to

your “home group”.• Topics: military technology, human

experiences & literature, propaganda, Armenian genocide, Wilson’s 14 points

World War I: World after the War

Objectives:• SWBAT explain how European and Middle

Eastern borders changed post-WWI. • SWBAT explain how the newly established

borders contributed to future conflicts.

Europe: Restoration of Borders

• Austria-Hungary: splits, loses land• Germany:

– loses land to Poland, Belgium– Loses Alsace & Lorraine to France

Ottoman Empire & Middle East

•Ottoman Empire: • loses land (Armenia, Iraq,

Syria) • Turkey established• Mandates established in

the Middle East• Palestine *** • Mesopotamia (Iraq)

• Iraq Petroleum Company

• Syria• Lebanon

Mandates in the colonies

• Mandates and protectorates established in former German colonies in Africa