+ the causes of world war ii. + review- treaty of versailles
TRANSCRIPT
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The causes of World War II
+Review- Treaty of Versailles
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J31vkB4IdS0
+The League of Nations
It was the first international organization whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. Its primary goals included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament, and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration.
Other issues included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe.
At its greatest extent from 28 September 1934 to 23 February 1935, it had 58 members.
+1931- Japan conquers Manchuria
What: Japan was facing economic problems and invaded Manchuria to gain more land.
Why important: The league of Nations did not act against the Japanese aggression, demonstrating that violence could go on without being stopped.
+Manchuria
+1933- Germany Rearms
Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany and expands the army and air force.
Why important: Hitler was going against the Treaty of Versailles but the League of Nations allowed this to happen. The Nazi army was growing.
+Hitler’s rise to Power
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W0eyxlRGo5Y&bpctr=1422553725
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+1935- Mussolini invades Ethiopia
Italy invades Ethiopia to expand it’s territory.
Why important: Again, the League of Nations does nothing, they believed Ethiopia had little value and let Mussolini take it.
+Mussolini
+1936- Hitler occupies the Rhineland
German troops march into the Rhineland.
Why important: Germany was forbidden from moving within 50 km of the Rhineland but international armies soon stopped the German advance. Germany felt that they had freedom to do what they wanted.
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+1938- Germany Annexes Austria
Nazi soldiers occupy Austria without a single shot being fired.
Why important: no nations stopped Germany because they wanted to avoid another war.
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+September 1938- Munich agreement is signed
Britain and France meet with Germany to sign the ‘Munich agreement’, allowing Germany to have the northwestern part of Czechoslovakia.
Why is it important: Britain and France thought that allowing them to have this land would stop another war. This was called “appeasement”.
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+October 1938- Rome-Berlin Axis Pact is Signed
Hitler signs a pact with Mussolini. Mussolini allows Hitler to take Austria and other territories in northern and central Europe.
Hitler promises Mussolini that he can take southern Europe. Later Japan joins the alliance. These countries will be known as the AXIS POWERS.
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+March 1939- Hitler occupies Czechoslovakia
Hitler had said that the Sudetenland was the last territory that he would take, but in March he occupied Czechoslovakia.
+August 1939- Germany and Soviet Union sign the non-aggression pact
Germany signs a pact with the Soviet Union (Stalin) promising not to fight each other in event of a war.
They also agree to divide Poland between them.
Hitler no longer has to worry about getting attacked by the Soviet Union and could focus on France and Britain.
+September 1,1939- Hitler invades Poland
Hitler demands that the Polish corridor be handed back to Germany. Poland refuses.
Therefore, the Nazis launch a BLITZKRIEG (lightening war) on Poland. Poland falls to the Nazi attack.
+Blitzkrieg
A method of warfare where an attacking force spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorized or mechanized infantry formations, and heavily backed up by close air support, forces a breakthrough into the enemy's line of defense through a series of short, fast, powerful attacks;
Once in the enemy's territory they would proceed to dislocate them using speed and surprise, and then encircle them. Through using combined arms in maneuver warfare, the blitzkrieg attempts to unbalance the enemy by making it difficult for them to respond effectively to the continuously changing front, and defeat them through a decisive Vernichtungsschlacht (battle of annihilation).
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+September 3, 1939- Britain and France declare war!
Britain and France realize there can be no more appeasement. World War II begins.
Canada declares war on September 10, 1939.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PCXSuaOozDE
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0lYMqmDqUQ
+Dictators in World War II
Benito Mussolini-
In Italy, Benito Mussolini built a political movement called fascism—a system under which the government rules through terror and by appealing to racism and nationalism.
Using black-shirted followers to enforce his rule, Mussolini became prime minister in 1922. He won over nationalists by promising to turn Italy into a new Roman Empire. In 1935 his fascist troops invaded Ethiopia in Africa. The League of Nations had been formed to halt such aggression. However, it had little success.
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Mussolini was shot on 27 April 1945.
After being shot, kicked, and spat upon, the bodies of Mussolini, his wife and his followers were hung upside down on meat hooks from the roof of an Esso gas station. The bodies were then stoned by civilians from below. This was done both to discourage any Fascists from continuing Mussolini’s work.
The corpse of the deposed leader became subject to ridicule and abuse. Fascist loyalist Achille Starace was captured and sentenced to death and then taken to the Piazzale Loreto and shown the body of Mussolini. Starace, who once said of Mussolini "He is a god,” saluted what was left of his leader just before he was shot. The body of Starace was subsequently hung up next to the body of Mussolini.
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+Joseph Stalin- Soviet Union
Stalin took part in the Bolshevik revolution in the Russian Revolution of 1917. He was appointed general secretary of the party's Central Committee in 1922.
By the late 1920s, he was the unchallenged leader of the Soviet Union. He remained general secretary until 1952, concurrently serving as the Premier of the Soviet Union from 1941 onward.
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Stalin transformed the USSR from into an industrial power during his rule. The economic changes coincided with the imprisonment of millions of people in Soviet correctional labour camps and the deportation of many others to remote areas.
The initial upheaval in agriculture disrupted food production and contributed to the catastrophic Soviet famine of 1932–1933. Later, in a period that lasted from 1936–39, Stalin instituted a campaign against alleged enemies within his regime called the Great Purge, in which hundreds of thousands were executed.
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In August 1939, Stalin entered into a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany that divided their influence and territory within Eastern Europe, resulting in their invasion of Poland in September of that year. Germany later violated the agreement and launched a massive invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941. Despite heavy human and territorial losses, Soviet forces managed to halt the Nazi incursion after the Battles of Moscow and Stalingrad. After defeating the Axis powers on the Eastern Front, the Red Army captured Berlin in May 1945, effectively ending the war in Europe for the Allies. The Soviet Union subsequently emerged as one of two recognized world superpowers, the other being the United States.
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Historians working after the Soviet Union's dissolution have estimated victims during Stalin’s reign totals ranging from approximately 4 million to nearly 10 million, not including those who died in famines.
Russian writer Vadim Erlikman, for example, makes the following estimates: executions, 1.5 million; gulags, 5 million; deportations, 1.7 million out of 7.5 million deported; and POWs and German civilians, 1 million – a total of about 9 million victims of repression.
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Though his popularity from his successes during World War II was strong, Stalin's health began to deteriorate in the early 1950s. After an assassination plot was uncovered, he ordered the head of the secret police to instigate a new purge of the Communist Party.
Before it could be executed, however, Stalin died on March 5, 1953. He left a legacy of death and terror as he turned a backward Russia into a world superpower.
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+Hitler’s Germany
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cHmNo-ozWhM
+Other Leaders during World War II
Emperor Hirohito- Japan
Neville Chamberlain (until 1940)- Great Britain
Winston Churchill (1940-1945)- Great Britain
Franklin D. Roosevelt (USA)
Harry Truman (USA)