the early middle ages sol whi.11. early middle ages in europe early middle ages- 400-800. ...
Post on 29-Dec-2015
225 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
Early Middle Ages in Europe Early Middle Ages- 400-800. Unofficial ending of Roman Empire (476
C.E.) start of Middle Ages. Rome was in ruins.
Germanic tribes control former Roman Empire. Constantly at war.
Middle Ages = Dark Ages = Medieval Age
Germanic Tribes Ostrogoths - Italy Franks - Northern Gaul (France) Burgundians - Southern
France/Switzerland Visigoths - Southern Gaul and Spain Vandals - Africa Angles and Saxons - England Magyars – Northeast Europe
Franks Franks would emerge as the
most powerful of these tribes. In the 500’s Clovis united the
Franks. stretched his kingdom
throughout Gaul (modern-day France).
Converted to Christianity. Gained support from Roman
Catholic Church
Franks As a result from the threat of
Muslim attacks, the Franks reunited under Charles Martel, the son of Pepin the Middle.
Charles Martel (714-741) defeated the Muslims in 732 at the Battle of Tours.
Charlemagne Charles the Great
(Charlemagne) took over. Grandson of Charles Martel.
In 800, Charlemagne helped put down a rebellion in Rome led by Roman nobles.
On Christmas Day of 800, Charlemagne was crowned “Emperor of Rome” by Pope Leo III.
Reason
Charlemagne helped to unite most of Europe under Christianity and single government. Had support of Roman Catholic Church.
He tried to reestablish the Roman Empire. While this was unsuccessful he did have some
accomplishments: He spread Christianity. He promoted Education and Learning.
Charlemagne as Emperor
Charlemagne as Emperor
Charlemagne died in 814.
After his death his grandsons divided up the empire into three smaller empires (Treaty of Verdun).
Remembered for blending traditions of Romans, Germans, and Christians. (cultural diffusion)
Mini Review Who took over the old Roman Empire lands?
(General answer) Locations of the Anglo-Saxons and Franks. Charles Martel tribe Charles Martel defeated who and where? Who crowned Charlemagne emperor of Rome?
WHY? Treaty of Verdun
Vikings Vikings were a group of people
that came from Northern Europe. (Scandinavia)
They were not a united group of people.
One leader would get together several ships and some people and go on a raid.
They were very skilled on water.
Throughout the late 700’s through the 900’s they wreaked havoc on Europe.
Vikings (videos) Vikings used long wooden ships that
allowed them to go far inland on streams and rivers.
Who else, besides the Vikings, were known for their sailing abilities?
Europe in Trouble Following the fall of Charlemagne’s
empire, invasions occurred throughout Europe. Europe was invaded by Magyars, Vikings,
and Muslims. This led to people needing to defend
their lands and homes. As a result, feudalism began.
Feudalism (Video) Feudalism is a social system where king’s give
nobles fiefs (land) in exchange for soldiers to serve the king. Nobles give the land to vassals to manage, who distribute the work to serfs (peasants) in exchange for protection.
The land lords were granted by the king was known as a fief.
Manors - villages which made up the kingdom of the king.How did a Feudal society develop in Europe
during the Middle Ages?
Feudal Society1. King - monarch who ruled the kingdom.2. Lords/Nobles - controlled manors and pledged
loyalty and soldiers to the king.3. Vassals - lesser lords who managed the
manors or fiefs. 4. Knights – horseback warriors who protected
the land of the lords.5. Serfs/Peasants – lived on and worked the land
owned by vassals.
Feudal Life Lords had knights who defended their land.
Also powerful Lords fortified their homes to withstand attack. These fortified homes were known as castles.
What do you think?
1. Why do you think people built castles during the Middle Ages?
2. Who do you think lived inside castles?
3. What do you think the land around castles was used for?
4. Why do you think people stopped building castles?
Castles Most lords had a small castle.
They provided shelter as well as protection for people on the manor. Defensive structures
Kings had larger castles designed to protect people of the kingdom.
Large towers. Most had drawbridges over a moat (ditch surrounding castle) Castles also included chapels, since religion was important
during the middle ages.
Knights and Chivalry Once someone became knighted they
became protectors of their king.
Knights had to live by a strict code known as chivalry.
Meant being an honorable, brave, loyal and true to their word.
Mini Review 21. Describe Viking Ships
2. Land granted to vassals
3. Main purpose of the creation of Feudalism
4. Peasant in the Feudal System were known as:
5. Controlled manors and pledged loyalty to the king.
6. Lesser lords who managed manors or fiefs.
The Medieval Church
The Catholic Church played an important role in Medieval life.
Because of hardships of everyday life, Christian teachings brought hopes of salvation (saved from sin) to people.
The church held the path to salvation.
Great deal of power.
The Medieval Church The church also played a critical role in politics
Educated church officials advised kings and nobles.
The pope became one of the most powerful figures in the world.
The Medieval Church Under Pope Gregory I(the Great) the
church began sending missionaries throughout Europe.
England and Germany.
They converted people and this began the church hierarchy.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZcJgB94KQOM
Feudalism vs. The Church Feudalism threatened the power of the
Church.WHY/HOW?
This led to clashes between the Pope and rulers of Europe.
To combat this Pope Gregory VII issued the Dictatus Papae.
This sought to give the Pope universal power through the church and the power to throw-out rulers of Christian countries.
Church Life In monasteries monks and nuns preserved
education. This led to church officials becoming intelligent
(smart) leaders Churches also set up schools to educate
young men for church service.
When Europe comes out of the Dark Ages, where do you think people will turn for
education and inspiration?
Benedictine Rule
530 a monk named Benedict organized the monastery of Monte Cassino in Southern Italy. He set up rules to regulate monastery life.
Under the Benedictine Rule monks and nuns took three vows. Obedience to the abbot or abbess (head monk or
head nun) Live in Poverty Chastity – no sexual relations
Cathedrals Cathedrals were built in a style that
became known as “Gothic”. They were known for their high ceilings
and large windows. They were built tall so that they could
reach the heavens and remind people of the power of God.
Cathedrals
Cathedrals were always built in the shape of a cross with the alter pointing towards the north. To the east was a stained glass window
that was illuminated in the morning. To the west was a stained glass window
that was illuminated in the evening.
top related