Dr.-Ing. Peter Seifert; DBI Gas- und Umwelttechnik GmbH; Leipzig / Freiberg; Germany

Fuel cells for CHP:

Existing Projects

Fuel cells for domestic use:Future Projects

Fuel Cells – Building Integration

Existing Projects

MITGAS Fuel Cell Project

Location: MITGAS Office Building in Gröbers (near Halle / Sachsen-Anhalt)

Heat use: Office heating Run the absorption

chiller

Power use: Delivery into

the grid

Waste gas heat 2% Remains 5%

Own power consumption 5%

Cooling losses 28%

Power 36%

High temp. heat 10%

Low temp. heat 14%

Naturalgas

MITGAS: Energy balance – first year of operation

500

459,3

650

215

9,6

150

450,1

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

mg

/m³ d

ry w

aste

gas

, 5

% o

xyg

en

NOx

CO

HC

TA-Luft Gas engine PC 25 C

MITGAS: Reduction of emission

Kamenz Fuel Cell Project

Location: Malteser Hospital Kamenz (near Dresden / Saxony)

Heat use: Hospital heating Run the adsorption

chiller

Power use: Delivery to the

hospital

Existing Projects

Kamenz: Data of the main components

Component Characteristic Manufacturer

Phosphor acid fuel cell (PAFC)

Power output 200 kW ONSI

Heat output 220 kW

Adsorption chiller Refrigeration capacity

105 kW MAYEKAWA

Compression chiller Refrigeration capacity

80 kW YORK

Ice storage Capacity 400 kWh FAFCO

Heat storage Volume 20 m3 FLAMCO / SOLVIS

TWD collectors Area 115 m2 SSL Eibau

Photovoltaic elements Area 15 m2 SOLARWATT Dresden

Powercentral

Solarcollectors

Fuel cell

Kamenz: Bird’s-eye view

Auxiliary cooler for the fuel cell

Cooling tower for the adsorp-tion chiller

20 m³ heat tank

Heat cycle connections of the fuel cell

Kamenz: Court

View into the power central (Jan. 2000)

Adsorption chiller (MYKOM ADR 30) 105 kW cooling capacity

Ice storageCapacity 400 kWh

Kamenz: Power central

Kamenz: Main components of the project

Natural gas

Natural gasPower

Boilers Heat

Solar collectors

Compression chiller

Adsorption chiller

Cold heat

Cooling ceilings

Heat storage

Ice storage

Fuel cell

Kamenz: Energy distribution

Fuel Cell

Solar plant

Cooling plant

200 kW

240 kW

220 kW

50 kW

1530 kW

105 kW

80kW35 kW

Ads. chiller

Ice storage

Comp. chiller

Po

we

rH

ea

tC

old

he

at

Kamenz: Fuel cell operating hours

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800O

per

atin

g h

ou

rs [

h]

Feb

00

Mrz

00

Apr

00

Mai

00

Jun

00

Jul 0

0

Aug

00

Sep

00

Okt

00

Nov

00

Dez

00

Jan

01

Feb

01

Mrz

01

Apr

01

Mai

01

Jun

01

Jul 0

1

Aug

01

Load Idle Maintenance Breakdown

Kamenz: Fuel cell efficiencies

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

0 50 100 150 200 250Electric output [kW]

Ele

ctri

c ef

fici

ency

[%

]

Electric efficiencyCell efficiency

Gross efficiency

Net efficiency

Kamenz: Grid independent operation

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

12 13 14 15 16 17Time [hours]

Ele

ctric

al o

utp

ut

[kW

]

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Effi

cie

ncy

[%

]

deliv.Power

El.eff.

Time Event

13:35 Entered I 80 - Run Grid Independent

14:15 Entered I 50 -Run Grid

Connected

14:46 Entered I 80 - Run Grid

Independent

15:41 Entered I 50 - Run Grid Connected

Kamenz: Effects of the ice storage (hottest days of the year)

0

100

200

300

400

500

0 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24Time

Sto

rag

e l

oa

d [

kWh

]

0

50

100

150

200

250

Co

oli

ng

ca

pa

city

[kW

]

Compression chiller Cooling capacity AdCh - SolarCooling capacity AdCh - FC Cooling demandIce storage load

Ice storage discharge

Kinds of available fuel cells

Domestic application of fuel cells

Future Opportunities

Company: Sulzer Hexis Vaillant EFCCell Type: SOFC PEM PEM

Power: 1 kW el 1 – 4.6 kW el 1.5 kW elHeat: 2.5 kW th 1.5 – 7 kW th 8 kW th

+ 12/16/22 kW th + 25 – 50 kW th

Efficiency: ~ 85 % > 80 % > 70 %

Available: Q3 / 2001 2002 Q2 / 2002(Field test) (Field test) (Field test)

Fuel cells for domestic use

House of one‘s own: Consumption and generation mismatch

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

24 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24Time [h]

Ene

rgy

dem

and

[kW

]

Fuel cell P_therm Heat tank Additional burnerPower demand Heat demand Fuel cell P_el

June 19

Field test for 3 kinds of fuel cells

in domestic projects

Co-operation in the DVGW Project “European Standardisation of Fuel Cells”

DBI Future Projects

Domestic Application

VEG

VEG

Pel

Pth

Pth

Pth

Pth

consumer

QH QW

Wel

T

T

nat. gasnat. gas

waste gas

waste gas

boiler

fuelcell

heattank

heat

hot water

power

nat. gasnat. gas

Pel

Pel

control

Power

Mehrfamilienhaus-Siedlung mit PEM-Brennstoffzellen im Stromverbund

Nat. gas

HT

HT

HT

HT

Main control

Energy opt.HT

BFC

BFC

BFC

FC

BFC

B

Apartment houses with power coupled PEM fuel cells