i.t in the development of india’s infrastructure by dr t.h. chowdary director: center for telecom...

I.T In The Development Of India’s Infrastructure

By DR T.H. CHOWDARY

Director: Center for Telecom Management and StudiesChairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,

Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 6667-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®

F: +91 (40) 6667-1111, [email protected]

[email protected] @ Institution of Engineers, HYD:Sunday the 24 Feb 2008

THC_CTMS S378_Feb08 2

Two varieties of Infrastructures (1)

The hard part consists of :• Road ways • Railways • Airways and Airports • Water ways ( river & sea) and Ports and Harbours • Power & Power Grids• Dams & Rives; National Water Grid ( as in Israel)

and Irrigation Networks


Two varieties of Infrastructures (2)

The soft infrastructure comprises of

• Education

• Health

• Judicial Courts

• National Security

• Defence Systems


ICTs Comprise of

• (Obsolete): Telegraph, telex, Fax?• Current: Telephones (mobiles: 3.5 bln & fixed phones 1.5 bln)

– PCs; Laptops; Internet– GPS.GIS; TV [Over the air & cable]– Radio [digital, FM]– LANs, WANs, MANs,-Wifi; WiMAX– Email – Optical Fiber Cable [undersea & underground]– Microwave Radio: Satellite & Terrestrial


ICTs Permeate

• ICTs Permeate as well as are an Infrastructure by themselves:

• Facilitating economic and fast construction,

operation and performance of other

infrastructures


Hard Part of ICT Infrastructure

• Electronic/Photonic highways of optical

fiber cables & (underground & undersea)

micro-wave radio (terrestrial i/c wifi,

wiMax; and satellite)


Soft Part of ICT Infrastructure

• Computers, computer networks, Internet, Websites• Software• Search Engines• Security Systems• Anti-Viruses;• Anti-hacking• Anti-crime• Freedom on the Net………..


Hard ICT Infra-structure providers

• BSNL, MTNL & P-Telcos• Rail Telecommunications• GAIL• PGCL• Cable TV companies • Numerous Satellite & (INTELSAT, INMARSAT)• Undersea Cable systems like SeMeWe, FLAG, TYCO;…..• SWANs• VPNs .. (Eg. SIFY)


ICTs as Facilitators of other Infrastructures

• e-MIS, e-Procurement,

• Operational enhancement

• Process & Operations Control [Power

Stations & distribution]

• Planning Aids; GIS; GPS


Some Applications in Some Infrastructures

• GPS & GIS for planning and execution of every projects - railways, roadways, airways or airports, water ways, power and power grids, dams and rivers etc.

• Digitised maps and their storage in web

sites and access to them from anywhere.



• The passenger reservation of the Railways benefits tens of millions of people. Now tickets can be purchased and reservation can be made on the Internet.

• ICT-based signaling, Railways are able to move more trains on the same track and faster.



Air traffic control is totally based on ICTs. Night landing & instrument landing are entirely ICT –based. The training of pilots is also IT-based.

• The handling of cargo, customs clearances in Ports and Harbours Singapore Port Authority is the greatest example of the most efficient operation and utilisation of the port capacity by use of ICT.



• Israel conserves every drop of rain that falls; stored and distributed through the national water grid. The utilization of water for different types of plants, in different quantities, is all computer and telecom network assisted.

• Electricity networks use SCADA and telemetry.



• E-learning based upon Internet and on the ICT networks is making possible life-long learning and the migration of knowledge-workers from one type of work to another and even from one country to another, depending upon the demand.



• Hospital administration and health care including health education use. Shankar Nethralaya, Fortis, Apollo Hospitals are hospital chains which are pooling talent and delivering health care by using ICT networks.

• Intensive Care Units (ICU) in different locations are under the surveillance of the most talented doctors, not distributed in every hospitals but in a central location.



• Tele-medicine and even tele-surgery are helping the health care. In Andhra Pradesh, EMRI conceived and installed and operated by Byraju Foundation funded by Satyam Computer service is an example of ICT-based medical service

• Use of IT in the High Courts and the Supreme Court is improving the efficiency of the hearing of cases and delivery of judgments and their access to lawyers and public.



• National security, is increasingly dependent upon the use of ICTs.

• Narco tests, night vision equipped helicopters, IT networks for intelligence agencies are improving the efficiency of anti-terrorist activities.

• Satellite tracking and imagery of the hide outs of Maoists is another application.



• Electronic warfare is reducing the toll of human life in war. Tanks, armored vehicles and even soldiers are fitted with ICT-devices and commanders from remote areas are able to see the entire battle field and direct individual tanks for kill operations.

• Spy satellites are enabling the defence organizations sizing up the army dispositions in enemy countries .


Sub-version & Crime on the Net

• China has a 30,000 strong Net (monitoring police)

• USA Counters it by….

• China recruits its best brains to hack US defences


Cyber warfare is a critical component of asymmetrical

• December 2007:British media say Chinese hackers broke into computers of Rolls-Royce, the British airplane-engine maker, and the oil giant Royal Dutch Shell; British authories reportedly issue a blanket warning of more such attacks to come from China



• SUMMBER 2007: Governments of Germany, Australia, New Zealand and Britain report intrusions from what are alleged to be Chinese sources

• July 2006: Chinese hackers break inot the US Commerce Department bureau responsible for exporting software and technology



• July 2004: South Korea’s intelligence office says Chinese hackers are responsible for attacking 10 government agencies

• 2003-2005: A series of concerted hacker attacks on US government facilities, code-named Titan Rain, is blamed on Chinese hackers


Dangerous Vulnerabilities

• The more computer & software dependent an infrastructure is the more vulnerable it is to cyber-attacks

• National power grids• Air Traffic controls• Railway signalling and goods

carriage/distribution• National Telecoms


Dangerous Vulnerabilities

• National defences especially, missile, air-force, radar, eves-dropping intelligence

• Anti-terrorism operations & data bank networks (profiling passports, visa & Interpol)

• Banking System• Stock-exchanges & international trade• R & D and Education networks•


US & China

• US & China are engaged in the most deadly cyber battles

• China continuously hacks Pentagon & other defences

• China has a 30,000 strong IT-trained cyber police• US assaults, “The Great Fire-Wall of China” &

Saudi Arabia, S Korea & Iran; spends $164 mln on this exercise

• US funds, “Reporters Without Borders” Program


The use of IT can be summed up by this shloka from the Bhagawad

Gita.

Sarvatah pani-padam tat Sarvato'ksi-siro-mukham Sarvatah shrutimal loke Sarvam avrtya tishthati (B.G. 13.13)

• (It has its hands and feet every where, its eyes and head and mouth every where, in all the worlds is it in its splendour, it is pervading all space).

•


DHANYWAD:

THANK YOU

i.t in the development of india’s infrastructure by dr t.h. chowdary director: center for telecom...

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