engineering education & entrepreneurship by dr t.h. chowdary director: center for telecom...

Engineering Education & Entrepreneurship

By DR T.H. CHOWDARY

Director: Center for Telecom Management and StudiesFellow: Tata Consultancy Services

Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor, Government of Andhra Pradesh

T: +91(40) 6667-1191(O) 2784-3121®F: +91 (40) 6667-1111

[email protected]

Talk @ Gudlavalleru Engineering College: 7th May 2012

Why we commemorate

Lives of great men all remind us we may make our lives sublime and departing leave behind us foot prints on the sands of time. - Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth

The heights by great men reached and kept Were not attained by sudden flightBut they, while their companions sleptWere toiling onwards through the neigh -AnonEmpires of the future will be empires of the mind

-Winston Churchill

THC_CTMS 2S667_May 2012

http://quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/4485/

THC_CTMS 3

What is Education (1)

• Education is a liberating force, enables the individual to rise form mere materiality to superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness .

• Education gives us accumulated lessons of heritage to carry it forward to posterity .

• The past is our foundation, the present our material, the future our aim and summit. Each must have its due and natural place in a national system of education.

– Sri Aurobindo

S667_May 2012

THC_CTMS 4

We want that education by which

character is formed,

strength of mind is increased,

the intellect is expanded and by which

one can stand on one’s own feet.

Education is the manifestation of the

perfection already in man

- Swami Vivekananda


S667_May 2012

THC_CTMS 5

• I firmly believe the efficacy of the education as a panacea for our social evils

- Dr.B.R. Ambedkar Education is the process of individual mind

getting its full possible development…. It is a long school which losts a life time

-Dr Zakir Hussain Vidyayaa Vindate AmritamAatmanaa Vindate Veeryam

-Deathlessness is attained by knowledge Valour is attained by self (discipline)


S667_May 2012

THC_CTMS 6


– Education should address the problems of national development, particularly issues concerning self-reliance, economic growth, employment and social and national integration.

– Education is visualised as an evolutionary force so that each individual is enabled to evolve from purely material consciousness towards superior planes of intellectual and spiritual consciousness

-The Education Commission (1966)S667_May 2012

THC_CTMS 7


– Education aims at liberation - liberation from bondage and ignorance, backwardness and gravitational pulls of the lower human nature.Education should be so designed as to become a powerful carrier of the best of the heritage and it should, therefore, aim at transmitting to the new generations the lessons of the accumulated experiences of the past for further progress in the present and the future.

Source: “Higher Education in India – Vision and Action” GOI’s paper for UNESCO Oct. 1998)

S667_May 2012

Visionary Inventors & Engineers

* We will produce electricity So cheap that only the rich Can afford to burn candles

- Thomas Alva Edison* “What a waste”

- Sir M.Visveswarayya On seeing the water fall at Jog ( Karnataka);

waste of potential energy“Swadeshi Cotton Mills” -& TISCO (1907)

– Jamshedji Tata * Engineer Visionaries: • KL Rao, AN Khosla, Kanwar Sain, Vikram Sarabhai, APJ Kalam


Technology: Force of Light or Darkness Many of the best engineers had a strong sense of the deeper philosophical

issues of right and wrong and of good and evil . Technology, in and of itself , could be a force of light or darkness.

(From: “A Google Story” by David A. Vise and Mark Malseed -page 178) If those who think to achieve,Have a firm and focussed mind.They will realize what they thought of,And even as they have thought of.

- Thirukkural


Higher education to be left to private enterprise

“Higher education should be left to private enterprise and for meeting national requirements whether in the various industrial, technical arts, belles-letters or fine arts. The State Universities should be purely examining bodies, self-supporting through the fees charged for examinations. Universities will look after the whole of the field of education and will prepare and approve courses of studies in the various departments of education. No private school should be run without the previous sanction of the respective Universities. University charters should be given liberally to anybody of persons of proved worth and integrity, it being always understood that the Universities will not cost the State anything except that it will bear the cost of running a Central Education Department . The foregoing scheme does not absolve the State from running such seminaries as may be required for supplying State needs.”

-Mahatma Gandhi, Harijan, 2 October 1937THC_CTMS 10S667_May 2012

Professional Colleges by Companies

I would revolutionise college education and relate it to national necessities. There would be degrees for mechanical and other engineers. They would be attached to the different industries which should pay for the training of the graduates they need. Thus, the Tatas would be expected to run a college for training engineers under the supervision of the State; the (Textile) Mill Associations would run among them a college for training graduates whom they need. Similarly for the other industries that may be named. Commerce will have its college. There remain arts, medicine and agriculture. Several private arts colleges are today self-supporting. The State would, therefore, cease to run its own Medical colleges would be attached to certified hospitals. As they re popular among monied men, they may be expected, by voluntary contributions, to support medical colleges. And agricultural colleges to be worthy of the name must be self-supporting. I have a painful experience of some agricultural graduates. Their knowledge is superficial. They lack practical experience. But if they had their apprenticeship on farms which are self-sustained and answered the requirements of the country, they would not have t gain experience after getting their degrees and at the expense of their employers.

-Mahatma Gandhi, Harijan, 2 October 1937THC_CTMS 11S667_May 2012

Engineering Colleges in India Year Colleges Students2006-’07 1,511 5,50,9862007-’08 1,668 6,53,2902008-’09 2,388 8,41,0182009-’10 2,972 10,71,8962010-’11 3,222 13,14,5942011-’12 3,393 14,85,894


Computer & IT Related Graduates

Year Engrs produced

Computer related

2003-04 4,01,000 35%2004-05 4,60,000 31%2005-06 5,20,000 30%


Even now computer related engineers are about 35% of total.

S667_May 2012

Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

Academic Year

Gra

du

ate

s

USA (Engr/Techl) China (Engr/Techl) India(Engr/Techl) India(MCA)

Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com

THC_CTMS 14

S667_May 2012

Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology PhD Degrees in the United States, China and India

-

1,000.00

2,000.00

3,000.00

4,000.00

5,000.00

6,000.00

7,000.00

8,000.00

9,000.00

10,000.00

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

Academic Year

Gra

du

ate

s

USA China India

Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com

THC_CTMS 15

S667_May 2012

25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

01980 1990 2000

Number of Research Papers Published

India China South Korea Israel Brazil

Years

No.

of

Pap

ers

Sou

rce:

Bus

ines

s W

orld

, 30

Jan

2006

Quality of Education (1)

THC_CTMS 16

S667_May 20121975 1975 1999

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

500

0

Number of PHD Degrees in Engineering

India China South Korea Japan Taiwan

Sou

rce:

Bus

ines

s W

orld

, 30

Jan

2006

Years

No.

of

Deg

rees

Quality of Education (2)

THC_CTMS 17

Contribution to World’s Research Papers

India China USA

3.7% 10.6% 27.7%

(Source: UNESCO SC Report 2010)


Patents applied and granted in the period

2004 to 2008

Country Applied Granted Japan 391,002 176,950USA 456,321 157,772China 289,838 93,706Korea 170,632 83,523Europe 146,150 59,819UK 59,819 23,379India 36,812 18,230

THC_CTMS S667_May 2012 19(Source: Forbes India, Nov5,2010)

Global PatentsIndia China USA

USPTO* 0.5 4.7 52.2Triadic+ 0.2 0.5 41.8(Source: UNESCO SC Report 2010)•United States Patents and Trademark Office+ Triadic patents are a series of corresponding patents filed at the European Patent Office (EPO), the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and the Japan Patent Office (JPO), for the same invention, by the same applicant or inventor.[1] Triadic patents form a special type of patent family.@ The Trilateral Patent Offices, or simply the Trilateral Offices, are the European Patent Office (EPO), the Japan Patent Office (JPO) and the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). In 1983, these patent offices set up a programme of co-operation in an effort to "improve efficiency of the global patent system".[


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Patent_Office

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Patent_Office

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Patent_and_Trademark_Office

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_office

Patents

• In Y 2010, China filed for 400,000 patents; 75% were by Chinese companies; 25% by foreign companies working in China

• The total number of filings in India is yet to exceed 50,000 a year; only 19% are by Indian companies; foreign companies in India filed 81%

• India’s patent office has 250 patents examiners; China has 4,500; it would increase them to 9000 by 2015; by then India will have 1000 patent examiners

(Source: Page 106, Tata Review, Dec 2011)


Scientific Publication

2002 2008

India 18,911 36,261

China 38,206 1,04,968(Source : UNESCO Science Report 2010)


Scientific Researchers in the World India Share – 2.2%

Researchers / 1000,000 Population

India China USA Japan

137 1070 4663 5573

(Source: Every Mans Science: June-July 2011)


Civilian R&D Expenditure (2000-2005)

Source: The book, Start-up Nation- The Story of Israel’s Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul SingerSource: UNDO (United Nations Development Programme) Report, 2007/2008

Perc

enta

ge(%

) of G

DP


Venture Capital Investments per Capita$

US

Source: The book, Start-up Nation- The Story of Israel’s Economic Miracle by Dan Senor and Saul Singer(Source: Dow Jones, Venture Source: Thomson Reuters; U.S. Central Intelligence Agency, World Fact Book, 2007, 2008 ) THC_CTMS 25S667_May 2012

R&D Spending as % of GDPCountry %India 0.9Israel 4.86Sweden 3.75Finland 3.56Us 2.82Denmark 2.72China 1.4

(Source: Mint, 23-03-2012)


Engineering Colleges in A.P The Licence, Permit, Quota, Binge

Year Colleges Seats Colleges added

1951 41988 382001 106 30,716 722002 178 46,540 392003 217 62,290 082004 225 65,710 112005 236 78,720 25


Engineering Colleges in A.P The Licence, Permit, Quota, Binge

Year Colleges Seats Colleges added

2006 261 92,600 302007 291 98,828 382008 329 1,25,587 211*2009* 540 1,75,767 1172010 657 2,25,995 442011 701 2,56,726 092012 710 3,05,846Source: Andhra Jyothy: 02-03-2012* Elections; sale of engineering college permissions


A.P: Seats Unfilled in EngineeringYear Number2006-07 10,5012007-’08 13,6462008-’09 17,5772009-’10 48,7952010-’11 74,9722011-’12 1,20,000(Source: Eenadu 3/12/2011)


A.P Admission Capacity 2011-12Course Admission capacityEngineering 3,04,080Engg.PG 24,160Pharmacy 29,520Engg. PG 8,825MBA 86,905MCA 46,795


Engineering Colleges in Tamilnadu(fig. as of 2011-12)

Colleges 525Sanctioned strength 22,6034Number of students admitted

1,61,154

Government quota seats 1,48,000No of seats filled 1,42,000Additional seats sanctioned 28,000In April 2012, 143 Engineering Colleges applied for closure; of them 56 are from A.P.

THC_CTMS S667_May 2012 31

A.P Certifies more Engineers than USA qualifies A.P USA

Population 86mln 313 mlnAdmission qualification

35% in Inter & 25% in EAMCET

Highest markets in +2; maths, Physics, Gen. knowledge & Communication ability

Certified/qualified Grads

1,20,000 60,000

No. employable 25% (99/100)%Pursuing M.Tech 12,000(10%) 30,000 (50%)Pursuing Ph.D 600 (0.5%) 6,000 (10%)


A.P: Engineer Density

• Position in 2011-12 in A.P Engineering colleges = 710• 1 college for 1,20,000 people• Seats= 3,05,846• 1 seat for = 254 people


A.P: Fee Reimbursement

• App. Rs. 3000 cr/ year• Degraded, un-motivated young flocking to engineering

colleges• Misapplication of tax revenues in the name of

Saamajika Nyaayam• Alternative• Scholarships to the meritorious poor• Interest-free loans with moratorium for repayment• Improve Secondary and Inter education• Vocational Schools THC_CTMS 34S667_May 2012

Consequences of Fee Reimbursement in A.P

• Non serious persons joining• 80% getting certificate by spendings Rs. 500/-• (LKG in Pvtd. Schools )• Agitation for condoning absence (,75%

attendance) & demands for easy questions & liberal valuation for social justice )


A.P:Alternatives to Fee Reimbursement

• Merit Scholarships• Interest –free loans, payable from the 4th year after

graduation• “Conditions Apply” degree certificates to such

beneficiaries• These concessions only for one child in the family• “Free” seat students required to serve state/country

for 3 years like docs.


A.P: EAMSET – A farce

• EAMCET (UKG pupil can qualify) • Direction to Tech.varsities to set non-exacting question papers

and “liberal” valuation to meter out social justice” to SC, ST, BC, Minority…

• Unemployables taking to M.Tech & becoming teacher • “Colleges” invested in to get fee reimbursement income from

government. • 35% in Inter & 25% in EAMCET qualify admission• Why EAMCET when seats are more than applicants• In 2011 30,000 who qualified in EAMCET failed in Inter


Factors Debasing Eng.Education

• Ill intentioned persons getting licence/permits approvals by manipulation

• Misapplication of Social justice• “Minority” colleges• Fee Reimbursement• Poultrified Intermediate education thro ‘corporate”

colleges• Coaching shops/classes(Hyderabad, Kotah, Patna)


• Rural location in the false expectation that they promote development of the area

• Most importantly corruption in NOC/Sanctioning /approvals’ bodies & Sources of income for MLA/MPs thro’ benamis.


How to Improve the Quality of Education; Learning & Inquiry

• Compulsory to stay in the Hostel ( gives time to read, play, learn communication & socialising, full benefit of library).

• Societies: Maths, Physics, Materials & branches of engineering-students to present papers, “Articles I read”, visiting professionals talks”, study aspect of industry, business, communications, poverty/housing; work-opportunities, local crafts, water resources/needs, bank& finance facilities in his village/area, what are wanting – paper to be presented as vacation exercise


How to Improve Employability (1)

• Study businesses/industries, projects pertaining to his branch of engineering.

• Read company reports ( public Ltd. Cos publish quality results)

• 2nd Degree/Diploma in Management; Finance; Banking; HR; PR; History; Literature; Environment’ Energy; e-governance’ transportation, Urbanisation; Housing, International Trade, utilise Distance Education


How to improve Employability (2)

• Open Varsity facilities (Study Vellor Institute of technology, ICFAI Tech…)

• Internships with Cos in IT; construction, automobile, energy , gas, telecoms , Infra


Scientist & Engineer

• Discovery : Scientists unravel the law of nature • Invention & Application; Engineers use

scientific knowledge to invent and apply • Nature’s Resources utilised for social good &

personal fulfillment


Categories of Persons

• Entitlement – No work, no duty, all free• Employment: Content to live• Entrepreneurship – Desire to create


Entrepreneurship

• 1st aim to be entrepreneur, secondary, as an employee• Study lives & work of entrepreneurs – Jamshedji Tata; Birla,

Ambani; Ford; Iacocca; Alferd Sloan ( GM) Andrew Carnegie Siemens, Krupp. Sir M. Visweswarayya, Bills gates, Steve Jobs (Google…, George Soros..) , Pais of Manipal, Narayana Murthy, Gopinath ( Dn. Airways, Simply Fly)

• Start-up nation (Israel)• Korea, Japan, China, Singapore ( Lee Kwon Yuvans…) • Maruti Motors by------Bhargava


Social entrepreneurship in Services

• Child care…Old Age Homes• Public Meetings to Campaigns• As incomes rise Leisure& recreation services• New Townships and transportation• Food & Cafataria services • Imagination is the limit


Great Opportunities in

• Corporate farming in India & Africa • Ores should not be exported but smeted and value added

products here.• Solar & Wind Energy Farms/ Plants• Defence equipments 70% contracted products to be India

made –policy• India- bleeding imports• Rs. 50,000 cr/y of telecom• Rs. 60,000 cr/y defence• China: world’s largest manufacturing & expecting country

with . $ 3 trillion foreign exchange reserves (India# 300 bln)• Shipping dry-docks, ship breaking THC_CTMS 47S667_May 2012

Upgrade Eng. EducationM.Tech & Ph.D Programs

• Become Institutions of excellence – M.tech & Ph.D programs

• Contract research• Professor exchange programs Vision for

growth & excellence


Professional Bodies for Correction

• Inspect & Evaluate & grade colleges (supplement NAC)

• Public Report & Advisories • Essential role of colleges• Educate & inspire or provide jobs ( placements)• Stimulate production of intellectual property ( thro’

P.G programs, R&D…)• Incubate entrepreneurs & mentor the innovators• National Innovation Network


World of nuclear giants and ethical infants

We have too many men of science, too few men of God. We have grasped the mystery of the atom and rejected the Sermon on the Mount. The world has achieved brilliance without wisdom, power without conscience. Ours is a world of nuclear giants and ethical infants. We know more about war than about peace; more about killing than we know about living - General Omar S. Bradley. Chief of Staff USA at Boston on 10.11.48


KEEP ON LEARNING ACQUIRE NEW INTERESTS:

More than ever, an education that emphasizes general problem-solving skills

will be important.In a changing world, education is the best preparation for being able to

adopt. As the economy shifts, people and societies who are appropriately educated

will tend to do best. The premium that society pays for skills is going to climb.So my advice is to get a good formal education and then keep on learning. Acquire new interests and skills throughout your life.

-Bill Gates; The Road Ahead THC_CTMS 51S667_May 2012

Dhanyawad:Thank You


engineering education & entrepreneurship by dr t.h. chowdary director: center for telecom...

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