building up prosperous, powerful, intellectual and ethical india with a moral message to the world...

Building up Prosperous, Powerful, Intellectual and Ethical

India with aMoral Message to the World

By

Dr T.H. CHOWDARY Director: Center for Telecom Management and Studies

Chairman: Pragna Bharati (intellect India )Former: Chairman & Managing Director

Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited &Information Technology Advisor,

Government of Andhra PradeshT: +91(40) 5567-1191/ 2784-6137(O) 2784-3121®

F: +91 (40) 5567-1111, [email protected]

[email protected]

Talk @ Osmania University, HYD, 27th September, 2008

THC_CTMS S369_Jan2008 2

India was not poor

“India is becoming the sink of the World’s gold” - Pliny, Roman Historians

• An Ocean named after – not England, France, Portugal, Netherlands, America, Spain, Russia, China…..but India

• India’s share of – World Trade– Wealth– Industrial Production was the highest/ 2nd highest


Year Wealth Trade

1701 22.6% 25%

1947 N A 2.4%

1990 N A 0.4%

2006 1.5% 1.8%

India was not poor! (1)

India’s Share in World Trade


INDIA BRITAIN

1830 17.5 9.6

1900 1.7 18.6

India was not poor! (2)

Share of World’s Industrial Production


Why did we become poor

• The Islamic Invasions, Loot (Md Ghazni, Ghori, Nadir Shah, Ahmed Shah Abdali) The British Colonial Exploitation and India Company & British (Read: Dadabhai Naoroji’s Poverty and UnBritish Rule in India)

• The post-independent Nehruvian “Socialism” emphasis on distribution of wealth before creation.


Macaulay in British Parliament

" I have traveled across the length and breadth of India and I have not seen one person who is a beggar, who is a thief. Such wealth I have seen in this country, such high moral values, people of such caliber, that I do not think we would ever conquer this country, unless we break the very backbone of this nation, which is her spiritual and cultural heritage, and, therefore, I propose that we replace her old and ancient education system, her culture, for if the Indians think that all that is foreign and English is good and greater than their own, they will lose their self-esteem, their native self-culture and they will become what we want them, a truly dominated nation.”

How the colonial rogues wrought the ruin:


Macaulay's famous Minute of 1835

"We must at present do our best to form a class of persons, Indians in blood and

colour, but English in taste in opinions, in morals and intellect”



Macaulay de-Indianises education

• Macaulay’s (in) famous note in1838 to discard the Indian

system of education and introduce the British system to

produce “a class of people, Indian only in colour and blood

but British in tastes, values, views and thoughts…”

• Pt.Nehru proudly told John Kenneth Galbraith that he is

the last Englishman to rule India.



World Population and the Poor

Year Population % of the Poor1820 1.1 billion 85%1980 5 billion 30%2000 6 billion 20%2007 6.5 bln 18%


4500

4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

01000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Sou

r ce :

Ang

us M

addi

s on;

J.P

.Mor

gan

World GDP per Person, 1000=100S & T for Wealth Creation


Poverty came down

Country Indonesia Malaysia Thailand S/pore India

From % 58 37 49 24 75

(1972) (1973) (1962) (1972)

(1951)

To % 17 14 26 10 30

(1982) (1987) (1986) (1982) (2002)

Life expectancy up from 56 to 71 during this period

Science & Technology and Organization (Governments, Corporations, use S&T)


Indian poverty scenario based on daily income (1)

Year 1981 1984 1987 1990

$1/Day 296.1 282.2 285.3 282.5

$1.25/Day 420.5 416.0 428.0 435.5

$2.0/Day 608.9 635.6 669.0 701.6

$2.5/Day 650.3 686.1 725.0 766.5


Indian poverty scenario based on daily income (2)Year 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005*

$1/Day 280.1 271.3 270.1 276.1 266.5**

$1.25/Day 444.3 441.8 447.2 460.5 455.8

$2.0/Day 735.0 75.71 782.8 813.1 827.7

$2.5/Day 808.8 841.1 875.2 914.4 938.0

Note:* India’s population was 1080 mln in 2005.

** All fig are population in millions.

1 Dollar is roughly equivalent to about Rs.40 (now about Rs.45 plus)

Source: Indian Express 22/9/08)


Agri Industry Service

Developed <5% 25 70

Developing 30 to 40 20 to 25 35 to 50

India 18 27 55

China 15 55 30

Content of GDP (Figs. in %)


What makes a Great Nation

• Low poverty/ High GDP/Capita• Military power & willingness capability to

deploy anywhere• Knowledge production – R&D; Nobel

Laureate class; S&T people& spend & world class research papers

• Moral, ethical, cultural values, philosophy; spirituality, literature


How Equipped is India for Higher Education

Country Population

(million)

No of Uni-versities

To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have

Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000

UK 50 170 3400

USA 280 1700 6100

India 1000 310 ---- Australia 18 39 2200 China 1200 1000 850

*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities


S &T Personnel(per 10,000 persons)

Country Scientists Skilled Personnel Japan 110 7.1

Israel 76 5.9

USA 55 4

Korea 45.9 2.9

Brazil 25.9 0.2

China 8.1 0.6

India 3.6 0.3


No. of Scientific Papers Published

Country 1980 2000 No. of papers/mil. people Y2000

India 4,983 12,217 12.0China 924 22,061 19.0S.Korea 175 12,013 270Brazil 2,215 9,565 70Israel 5,773 9,292 1,550

Source: Science Citation Index. Inst. For Scientific Information Philadelphia ( E.T 23.08.02)


India Produces

Graduates Engineers MCAs MBAs

4.0 mln 450,000 80,000 80,000


Intellectual Property Creation

• We may attain prosperity (as we are gaining since the mid-nineties)

• Some military power both by more of borrowed Technology than indigenously created S & T.

• But, we with always lag behind, can’t draw abreast, not to talk of the most advanced. (Contd).



• We are underinvesting in R & D• We are buying telecom technology from

China (ZTE, HUAWI;) Finland (Nokia), Korea, (Samsung, LG), USA, France…

• Japan, Taiwan, Korea, China – “learnt” & “acquired” technological capability by borrowing, building upon it & then beating the suppliers



• India is creating I.P for over 300 foreign companies; we create, but ownership is foreign [Motorola, QUALCOM; Dupont, Huawi, Nokia, Ericsson….]

• State must invest in R & D; may contract it out [USA, UK, Japan, Israel,….]

• Defence R & D and Enterprises • We killed telecom R & D unlike Korea and China


Military Power

• Japan & Germany are the 2nd and 3rd largest economies in the world; have 30 and 25 times India’s PCI – Who cares/fears?

• USA, Russia and China have awesome military power - The first two can project their power globally; China is rapidly attaining that power (Gwadar and Rangoon naval bases)

• Iran dominates West Asia.• Whom does India dominate? Maldives, Bhutan..?


Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology PhD Degrees in the United States, China and India

-

1,000.00

2,000.00

3,000.00

4,000.00

5,000.00

6,000.00

7,000.00

8,000.00

9,000.00

10,000.00

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

Academic Year

Gra

du

ate

s

USA China India

Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com


Ten-Year Trend in Engineering and Technology Master’s Degrees in the United States, China and India (Actual and Estimated Data)

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

1994-95

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-00

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05

Academic Year

Gra

du

ate

s

USA (Engr/Techl) China (Engr/Techl) India(Engr/Techl) India(MCA)

Source: The India Economy Review, 30 Sept 2007, Vol.4; www.iipm.thiktank.com


Significant Facts About R&D in India (1)

Scientific Research Department & Agencies of the Government of India = 15 Labs of the Indian Council of Medical Research = 27 Labs of the Indian Council of Agri Research = 64 Labs of the CSIR = 41 Instns. Of the Def.Rsch& Dev.Org (DRDO) = 51 Instns. Of the Dept of S&T =12 In-house R&D units in Pvt. Sector (Recd. By GOI) as on Nov 1999 =1,198 2007 = 1,500


Power of Knowledge

Knowledge will forever govern ignorance and people who mean to be their own governors must arm themselves with the power which knowledge given.

-James Madison (Inscription at the entrance to the Library of Congress)

The empires of the mind are the empires of the future.

- Winston Churchill


The Wealthiest and Valuable

• Who are India’s richest?

• In what businesses?

• Which businesses have the highest market capitalisation?– ICTs [S/W; BPO; KPO]– Pharmaceutical– Construction & Real Estate (eg.DLF)


Essentials for Prosperity (1)

“It is glorious to be rich”. “It does not matter whether the cat is white or black as long as it catches

rats”-Deng Tsiao Ping

• Human Resource • Entrepreneurship, not entitlement• Duties,not rights ( Every right is in a duty fulfilled)• Saving to form capital• Proper use of resources to generate surpluses/profit• Work Ethic First;• Welfare must be related to work

“He who does not work, neither shall he eat…”- V I Lenin



• Respect for & glorifying the wealth creators- Businessmen, Industrialists

Ambanis, Ramalinga Raju, Anji Reddi,Narayana Murthy, Tatas, Azim Premji, Sunil Mittal Bharti

• Least (essential) government & taxation.

“You give me the tax and keep the income”

• Environment that encourages investment ( eg: Ind.States competing to give concessions)

• Educated, healthy, inspired citizenry



• Sustainable population

“Our right to breed

Your duty to feed” !

Mantra: one, two,three

• No labour-lordism

nor exploitation

• Leadership with VISION ( kanakapu------)

• Least corruption; no crony- capitalism

“Where government is in business people there will be poor”

-Tiruvalluvar


Essential Infrastructure

• Highways

• Telecoms

• Power (National Grid)

• Irrigation

• Schools ( Py&Sy)

• Health care (PHSs)


What Liberalization Dideg. Telecoms


Growth of Phones in India

14.54

0.34

17.8

0.88

21.63

1.2

26.79

1.88

32.97

3.58

39.136.43

41.42

10.4846.32

17.4

44.87

48

45

56

48

92

38

292

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Subsc

ribers

in m

illions

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Dec '03 Aug '03 Dec-'04 April-'05 March'06 Sep '08

Years

Cellular mobile phones ( PSU + pvt )

Fixed line telephones including WLL ( PSU + pvt )

Source : DOT Annual Report 2003

Total 330 mln


PCI

AX TSP

Time

(a) Affordability

A PCI/ Tele-Service Price- PCI: Per Capita Income- TSP: Telephone Service Price- A: Affordability

Bring down price to increase affordability


Affordability of Telephone

1951 1994 2007

Revenue/Line*at current exchange parity

$ 125 $250 $125

Rev. as% of PCI

2.5 1.0 0.12

Affordability PCI

Tel. Svce.Price


What India Needs to do

• Contain population ( with draw welfare, promotion and vote)• Withdraw subsidies, limit to families with 2 children• Learn & Earn• Education to create ability and morality and wisdom• Health Insurance• Old Age Homes• Education ( SETs, private colleges, varsities)• Massive Road construction; afforestation; centaur-bunding;

water-bodies; work only if people move to where they are wanted

• Private sector in Education with uncorrupt• Statutory Regulation


What India Needs to do (2)

• Massive housing construction; re-skill farm labour as masons, carpenters, plumbers, electricians

• Political Party Regulator of India (insist to spell out what resources; what taxes on whom for every promise given), prosecute fraudster parties.

• Government as regulator; not doer, disinvest and retire debt- Rs. 125,000 cr as Interest payment

• Legislation to put ceiling on – (a) government servant expense– (b) tax as % of GSP/GDP– (c) debt as % of GDP


What India Needs to do (3)

• Massive Defence R&D : contract out

• If” reserved” items can be removed from SSI;

• End Fraud of minority colleges


Bharat Mahan

• Intellectual & spiritual ( Dharma)

• Economic (Artha) Power

• Prosperity for all (Kama)

• Military Power

• Willingness to play global role


Global View of Bharat

• Vasudhaiva kutumbakam• Aa noh bhadraah ritavo yaantu viswatah• Lokaah samasta sukhinoh bhavantu• Isaa vaasyamidam jagat,• Tyaktena bhujithaa• Maa gridhah..• Sahanaavavatu,• Sahanau bhunaktu Sahaveeryam karavaavahaih Maa vidvishaavahaiah Tejaswinaavadheetamastu• Om Santih, Santih, Santih


Dhanyawad:

Thank You

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