global opportunities for engineers & s & t professionals by dr t.h. chowdary * director,...

Global Opportunities for Engineers & S & T

Professionals

By

Dr T.H. Chowdary* Director, Center for Telecom Management & Studies

* Chairman, Pragna Bharati (Intellect India), AP* Former Information Technology Adviser, Government of A.P

Chairman & Managing Director Videsh Sanchar Nigam Ltd., BombayT: +91 (40) 2784-6137/6667-1191(O) F: +91 (40) 2789-6103/6667-1111 (O)

[email protected] @ ANITHS, Tangi Valasa:

on 5th August 2008

THC_CTMS S314 Sep 2006 2

Taking offWorld GDP per Person, 1000=100______________________________________ 3500

______________________________________ 3000

______________________________________ 2500

______________________________________ 2000

______________________________________ 1500

______________________________________ 1000

______________________________________ 500

______________________________________ 01000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000Sources: Angus Maddison; J.P. Morgan


World Population and the Poor

Year Population % of the Poor1820 1.1 billion 85%1980 5 billion 30%2000 6 billion 20%2007 6.5 billion 18%


Period GDP POP PCI YRS

1951 to 2000

3.5 2.8 0.7 70

2004-07

9.0 1.8 7.2 10

Growth of GDP; Population;

Per Capita Income (PCI) &

Years for doubling PCI

•Lesson from China: Control population during period of growth [JRD’s advice to Nehru in 1950s dismissed.]

•BPL ratio is the index: in India it came down from 70% in the 1950s to

about 30% now [BPL ratio in A P is 85% according to white ration cards & increasing.]


Agri Industry Service

Developed <5% 25 70

Developing 30 to 40 20 to 25 35 to 50

India 21 24 55

Content of GDP (Figs. in %)


The Earth is Flat –Thomas Friedman

• 2.5 bln, educated, low wage people added to work in the global economy after the Collapse of the Berlin wall ( 9-11-1989) and the USSR’s empire (1991)

• Service occupations opened to competition by emergence of digital economy and the global spread of broad-band

• Out-sourcing; Off-shoring; Not only software, BPO but also KPO!

• Out-ward looking international economic policy-relations with trade/market partners

• Bold and sustained political support for education; S&T & Entrepreneurship


Science & Engineering Education

• India has 12.1 mln science grads & diploma holders ( 14% in A P highest in India; 2nd Tamilnadu; 3rd Maharastra)

• 10 mln age group ( 17 to 22) in the Universities• Population with 10th/12 class study

1991 200469.7 mln (8.2%) 246.9mln (23%)

• Graduates & above1991 2004

20.5 mln (2.4%) 48.7 mln (4.5%)• About 24% of graduates are in sciences• Of about 10 mln P.Gs in 2004 - 20% are in

sciences


Engineering & Business Professionals / year

Engineers* MBAs MCAs

370,000 80,000 60,000

* About 90,00 are ICT-related


How Equipped is India for Higher Education

Country Population

(million)

No of Uni-versities

To be on par with the country of comparison; Varsities India needs to have

Korea 45 120 3000 Israel 6 10 1700 Lesotho 2 2 1000

UK 50 170 3400

USA 280 1700 6100

India 1000 310 ---- Australia 18 39 2200 China 1200 1000 850

*Suggest: Begin having a University for each District* Every Private Engineering College should be required to grow into a University within 8 years of wind up.•Corporates to found.fund ‘Varsities’.•In India we have 8.8 mln. or 5% of the young in the age group 18 to 23 yrs. in Universities


S &T Personnel(per 1000 persons)

Country Scientists Skilled Personnel Japan 110 7.1

Israel 76 5.9

USA 55 4

Korea 45.9 2.9

Brazil 25.9 0.2

China 8.1 0.6

India 3.6 0.3


25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

01980 1990 2000

Number of Research Papers Published

India China South Korea Israel Brazil

Years

No.

of

Pap

ers

Sou

rce:

Bus

ines

s W

orld

, 30

Jan

2006

Quality of Education (1)

THC_CTMS S314 Sep 2006 121975 1975 1999

4,000

3,000

2,000

1,000

500

0

Number of PHD Degrees in Engineering

India China South Korea Japan Taiwan

Sou

rce:

Bus

ines

s W

orld

, 30

Jan

2006

Years

No.

of

Deg

ree s

Quality of Education (2)


Knowledge Production- China

Total Exp/student on Higher education Ex R&D on PPP basis

USA DK Aus UK Fra FRG Spain Mexico

21 11 9 8 7.5 7.0 6.8 5

Doctorates awarded by China

1990 1995 2000 2002 2003

2 4.5 11.5 15 18

Source: Economist, Sept 10, 2005


Brain Gain in Developed Countries

Brain Gain: Stock of highly skilled immigrants (mln)

US CN Aus UK FRG FRN Spain S’land Holland

8.2 2.1 1.6 1.6 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.25 0.2

Foreign Students as % in

US UK FRG Aus Frn Jap Blgm Italy

Spain S’land Other OECD

30 11.5 11.5 10 9 4 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 10Source: Economist, Sept 10, 2005


Foreign Students in the USA (2004-’05)

Indian Chinese Korean Japanese Canada

80,466 62,523 53,358 42,265 28,140

If Indian students match

50,000 8,50,000 4,23,000 19,60,000

• 40% of US doctorates go to foreigners

•Inidan students spend Rs. 8,100 cr/Y. All India

‘varsities’ budget : Rs. 15/20,000 cr.


College Grads ( Professions) Leaving Country (%)

Italy France UK Spain FRG India

2.5 1.1 0.9 0.8 0.6 (2 to 5 )


Decline in the USAOur Opportunity (1/3)

• US 18 to 24 Y olds receiving science degrees has fallen to 17th position in the world from 3rd, three decades ago.

• World-wide Bachelor degrees in Science & Engineering 2.8 mln in Y 2003

Asia EU USA 2.1 mln 830K 400K

• Asian Universities produce 8 times more Engineers than the USA



• S&E degrees (out of all Bachelor degrees)

China Korea Taiwan USA

60% 33% 41% 31%

• Engineering Bachelors graduating every year

USA Russia China India

5% 25% 46% 4%



• Foreign born S&E graduates in the US (Brain gain)

S&E Bachelors Masters Ph.Ds

1999 11% 19% 24%

2000 17% 29% 38%


Indian Talent Works for Others

• GE- largest R&D center outside USA in Bangalore 2300 – double that in Shanghai – $ 80 mln Bangalore center – Filed for 260 patents (37 appvd.)

• Motorola: 1700 employees– 40% of software in its mobiles from India– The Internet Browser and multimedia messge system

conceived & developed for 3G,GSM, engineered– Global automakers ( 3 to 5)% on R&D

• India: 150K computer graduates• HUWAI & ZTE….


Indian Software Industry Exports ( $ mln )

1,124 1,755 2,7003,900

5,7008,000

10,00012,000

16,000

21,000

1995-96

1996-97

1997-98

1998-99

1999-2000

2000-01

2001-02

2002-03

2003-04

2004-05


Employment in Indian IT sector*,’000

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

2000 '01 '02 '03+ '04+ '06+

Call-centers (ITES) Software Multinational operations

(* Years ending March; + Estimate@ break-up: NA)

20 mln@

‘06


Share of India in GlobalBPO & KPO Markets

Year 2003-’04 2010-’11 BPO 36% 55%

KPO 56% 71% Leaders:

Eng. Design Basic Data Biotech & Search Pharma

Integration &Mgment

400m $ 300m $ 280Education coming up


India as base of R&D

• Foreign companies setting up Development centers in India

• Texas Instruments, Motorola, QUALCOM; HUAEI, ZTE, Microsoft, Alcatel, Siemens, Huawi

• Pharma companies too


India’s R&D & Teaching

• Knowledge producer• TIFR• BARC, ISRO• IISC,ISI• C-DAC, C-DOT• Ph.Ds• Building National Champions• ZTE, Huawi, KETRI & LG


Foreign Companies Engaging Indian intellect

• GE – Largest R&D center outside USA is in India in Bangalore with 2300 researchers, double that in Shanghai

• GE put in $ 80 mln in the Bangalore R&D facility

• GE’s Bangalore R&D field for 260 patents in the USA (37 already approved)

• Boeing USA is outsourcing Aircraft design to Russia ( $ 120/ Hr)

• Russians are outsourcing parts of the design to HAL (BG) at $ 30/Hr

• Gorbachev went to USA to recommend Moscow as Bangalore’s rival!

• An Indian retained does the work of 2 or 3 Europeans;

does not take 6 weeks of holidays & costs one-fourth


Some Foreign Companies’ Employees in India

GE Caps GE Dev IBM Oracle EDS Texas

16,000 1,800 10,000 6000 3,500 900

Intel JP Morgan

HUWAI Siemens Motorola

1,700 1,200 1,500 2000 1,500


A New Business: Education

NIIT trains 45,000 students/year• Has tie-up with 35 Universities in China

• Entered China in 1997, has 10 training centers in 25 provinces

• Offers courses in Arabic, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, French and English

• Took loan from World Bank and gives education loans & scholarships


E-tutors

• Kochi tutors teach 20,000 US Students in Maths and Science online ( audio, video interactive)

• IIT Chennai students help students in Singapore, grades 6 to 12 on their Maths homework

– Teachers develop lesson plans to teach Maths

– Company is Heymath.com


India’s English Speaking Advantage

This is an excerpt from an essay written by a candidate from Bihar in the UPSC (IAS) examination. We are informed that the candidate has passed the exam:

The cow is a successful animal. Also he is 4 footed, and because he is female, he give milks, ( but will do so when he is got child). He is same like God, sacred to Hindus and useful to man. But he has got four legs together. Two are forward and two are afterwards. His whole body can be utilised for use. More so the milk. Milk comes from 4 taps attached to his basement. His motion is slow only because he is of lazy species. Also his other motion (gobar) is much useful to trees, plants and as well as for making flat cakes ( like pizza), in hand, and drying in the sun. His only attacking and defending organ is the horns, specially so when he is got child.

- (Contributed by Vipin Buckshey, New Delhi, H.T 31.1.04)


Improvements We Need (1/2)

• We need great teachers 70% of living Nobel Laureates are teaching in the top 50 US Universities

• Quality of education; learning; creativity; analytical & communication abilities

• Examination talent X Knowledge talent• Competition among colleges & universities• Private Universities – Government to back off• End the farce of “minority” colleges


Improvements We Need (2/2)

• Great companies, not MLAs, Real-estate men to found colleges & varsities

• Post graduation/ Research & work for a few years in the top six of the OECD countries

• Markets/Clients abroad• Wealth creation here & jobs for Indians• MIT graduates founded 4,000 companies, created 1.1mln jobs, generated sales of $232 bln

(Rs. 10,43,000 crores)


Foolish Questions

• Are we producing cyber-coolies• West exploiting Indian talents & profiteering• Digital Divide: Rich-poor gap between nations &

within India

Satyam/ Byrraju – GramIT; work to villages


India’s R&D & Teaching

• Knowledge producer• TIFR• BARC, ISRO• IISC,ISI• C-DAC, C-DOT• Ph.Ds• Building National Champions• ZTE, Huawi, KETRI & LG


BHARAT MAHAN!(Intellectuals estimate of India)

India is the only country which never

invaded any foreign country

“India conquered and dominated China culturally for 20 centuries without even having to send a single soldier across her border”.- HU SHIH, Former Ambassador of China to USA


“We owe a lot to the Indians, who taught us how to count,

without which no worthwhile scientific discovery could have

been made.”

-ALBERT EINSTEIN

“In the whole world there is no study so beneficial and so

elevating as that of the Upanishads. It has been the solace of my

life; it will be the solace of my death”.

-SCHOPENHAUER

BHARAT MAHAN!


Bharat Mahan!

• World’s first Universities:

• Takshasila – 800 BC; 10,000 foreign

students, 52 subjects

• Nalanda & Vikrama Sila


“If I were to look over the whole world to find out the country most richly endowed with all the wealth, power and beauty that

nature can bestow-in some parts a very paradise on earth - I should point to India. If I were to asked under what sky the human mind

has most fully developed the choicest gifts, has most deeply pondered on the greatest problems of life, and has found solution of some of them which well deserve the attention even of those who

have studied Plato and Kant - I should point to India. And if I were to ask myself from what literature we here in Europe, we who have

been nurtured almost exclusively on the thought of Greeks and Romans, and of one Semitic race, the Jewish, may draw that

corrective which is most wanted in order to make our inner life more truly human, a life not for this life only, but a transfigured

and eternal life -- again I should point to India”. -MAX MULLER

BHARAT MAHAN!


“India was the motherland of our race, and Sanskrit the mother of Europe’s languages; she

was the mother of our philosophy; mother, through the Arabs, of much of our

mathematics; mother, through the Buddha, of ideals embodied in Christianity; mother, through the village community, of self-

government and democracy. Mother India is in many ways the mother of us all”. -WILL

DURANT

BHARAT MAHAN!


“Whenever I have read any part of the Vedas, I have felt that some unearthly and unknown light

illuminated me. In the great teaching of the Vedas, there is no touch of the sectarianism. It is of ages, climes, and nationalities and is the

royal road for the attainment of the Great Knowledge. When I am at it, I feel that I am

under the spangled heavens of a summer night”.

-HENRY DAVID THOREAU

BHARAT MAHAN!


Bhaskaracharya (5th century AD) calculated the time taken by the earth to orbit the sun hundreds

ofyears before the astromer Smart. Time taken by earth to orbit the sun: 365.258756484 days.

The art of Navigation was born in the river Sindh 6000 years ago. The very word Navigation is derived

from the Sanskrit words NAV Gatih. The word navy is also derived from Sanskrit ‘Nou’

BHARAT MAHAN! : Science & Technology


Budhayana first calculated the value of pi, and he explained the concept of what is known as the

Pythagorean Theorem. He discovered this in the 6th century long before the European mathematicians.

Algebra, trigonometry and calculus came from India. Sridharacharya propounded quadratic equations

in the 11th century.



The largest numbers the Greeks and the Romans used were 106 whereas Hindus used numbers as big as 1053 with specific names as early as 5000 BCE during the Vedic period. Even today, the largest

used number is Peta: 1015.

The place value system, the decimal system was developed in India in 100 BC.

India invented the Number System.

Zero was invented by Aryabhatta.



Dhanyawad:Thank You

global opportunities for engineers & s & t professionals by dr t.h. chowdary * director,...

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