q. goris sergi makalatias saxelobis istoriul etnografiuli...
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q. goris sergi makalaTias saxelobis
istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi
sergo nadimaSvili
qarTlisarqeologiuri
ZeglebiISBN 978-9941-0-9596-2
9 789941 095962
1
qalaq goris municipalitetis meriis sergi makalaTias saxelobisistoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi
sergo nadimaSvili
qarTlisarqeologiuri
Zeglebi
Tbilisi2016
gamomcemeli: q. goris municipalitetis meriissergi makalaTias saxelobis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi.1400 q. gori kirion II-is q. #12
This Edition Published by Sergi Makalatia Gori Historical-Ethnographical Museum. 12 Kirion II str. Gori 1400 Georgia.
sergo nadimaSvili(1917-2009) daibeWda Sps “si-ji-es“-Si
tiraJi: 400
1
qalaq goris municipalitetis meriis sergi makalaTias saxelobisistoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi
sergo nadimaSvili
qarTlisarqeologiuri
Zeglebi
Tbilisi2016
2 3
wigni warmoadgens cnobili qarTveli arqeologis da samuzeumo moRvawis, sergo nadimaSvilis mier 1938_43 wlebSi qarTlis teritoriaze Catarebul savele ar-qeologiur ZiebaTa Sedegebis amsaxvel, aqamde gamo-uqveynebeli moxsenebebis krebuls. wignSi dasaxele-buli arqeologiuri Zeglebis erTi nawili dRemde Se-uswavlelia da, amdenad, am masalebis gacnoba udavod saintereso iqneba Sesabamisi dargis mkvlevarebisTvis.
QQredaqtori TinaTin sosaniZe
wigni gamosacemad moamzada solomon nadimaSvilmaY
inglisurenovani reziume _ ilia nadimaSvili
wina ydaze: evtixi Jvanias fotonamuSevari _ sergo nadimaSvili, 1936 w.
ukana ydaze: brinjaos Wviruli balTa sof. kitreuladan, ax. w. I-II ss. (gsiem #3908).
ISBN 978-9941-0-9596-2
winasityvaobis magier
cnobilma qarTvelma arqeologma da samuzeumo mo-Rvawem, sergo ilias Ze nadimaSvilma (1917-2009) jer kidev 1930_40-ian wlebSi TiTqmis mTlianad Semoiara Sida qarTlis da misi mimdebare regionebis xeobebi da soflebi, aRnusxa ra mecnierebisaTvis manamde ucnobi mravali arqeologiuri da xuroTmoZRvruli Zegli. Tavisi daucxromeli Ziebis Sedegad man sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri, istoriuli da eTnogra-fiuli eqponatebiT gaamdidra: akad. simon janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo, goris istoriul-eTnografiuli, cxinvalis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumeb-is fondebi.
arqeologiaSi sergo nadimaSvilis moRvaweobis daw-yeba ukavSirdeba qarTuli mecnierebis patriarqis, aka-demikos ivane javaxiSvilis saxels, romelmac 18 wlis axalgazrdas 1935 wels daavala qarTlis teritoriaze xuroTmoZRvrul da arqeologiur ZeglTa moZieba da gamovlena. Semdgom, 1936 wels, akad. iv. javaxiSvilis da levan (lenko) musxeliSvilis rekomendaciiT, s. nadim-aSvilma monawileoba miiRo TrialeTis arqeologiuri eqpediciis muSaobaSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda akad. boris kuftini. am droidan s. nadimaSvili akad. b. kuf-tinis TiTqmis yvela eqspediciis aqtiuri monawile iyo (1936-1952).
1938 wlidan 1952 wlamde s. nadimaSvili iyo saqarTve-los arqiteqturul saqmeTa sammarTvelos kulturis Ze-glTa dacvis ganyofilebis rwmunebuli goris raionsa da e. w. `samxreT oseTSi~ (imdroindeli administraci-uli dayofiT), paralelurad, 1938 wlidan muSaobda go-ris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis (1943 wlidan saxelm-wifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi q. gorSi) mecni-er TanamSromlad (1952_2001 _ direqtorad). sergo nadim-aSvilis mier 1930_40-ian wlebSi Catarebul arqeologi-ur dazvervaTa da ZeglTa moZiebis savele samuSaoebis
2 3
wigni warmoadgens cnobili qarTveli arqeologis da samuzeumo moRvawis, sergo nadimaSvilis mier 1938_43 wlebSi qarTlis teritoriaze Catarebul savele ar-qeologiur ZiebaTa Sedegebis amsaxvel, aqamde gamo-uqveynebeli moxsenebebis krebuls. wignSi dasaxele-buli arqeologiuri Zeglebis erTi nawili dRemde Se-uswavlelia da, amdenad, am masalebis gacnoba udavod saintereso iqneba Sesabamisi dargis mkvlevarebisTvis.
QQredaqtori TinaTin sosaniZe
wigni gamosacemad moamzada solomon nadimaSvilmaY
inglisurenovani reziume _ ilia nadimaSvili
wina ydaze: evtixi Jvanias fotonamuSevari _ sergo nadimaSvili, 1936 w.
ukana ydaze: brinjaos Wviruli balTa sof. kitreuladan, ax. w. I-II ss. (gsiem #3908).
ISBN 978-9941-0-9596-2
winasityvaobis magier
cnobilma qarTvelma arqeologma da samuzeumo mo-Rvawem, sergo ilias Ze nadimaSvilma (1917-2009) jer kidev 1930_40-ian wlebSi TiTqmis mTlianad Semoiara Sida qarTlis da misi mimdebare regionebis xeobebi da soflebi, aRnusxa ra mecnierebisaTvis manamde ucnobi mravali arqeologiuri da xuroTmoZRvruli Zegli. Tavisi daucxromeli Ziebis Sedegad man sxvadasxva mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri, istoriuli da eTnogra-fiuli eqponatebiT gaamdidra: akad. simon janaSias saxelobis saqarTvelos saxelmwifo, goris istoriul-eTnografiuli, cxinvalis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumeb-is fondebi.
arqeologiaSi sergo nadimaSvilis moRvaweobis daw-yeba ukavSirdeba qarTuli mecnierebis patriarqis, aka-demikos ivane javaxiSvilis saxels, romelmac 18 wlis axalgazrdas 1935 wels daavala qarTlis teritoriaze xuroTmoZRvrul da arqeologiur ZeglTa moZieba da gamovlena. Semdgom, 1936 wels, akad. iv. javaxiSvilis da levan (lenko) musxeliSvilis rekomendaciiT, s. nadim-aSvilma monawileoba miiRo TrialeTis arqeologiuri eqpediciis muSaobaSi, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda akad. boris kuftini. am droidan s. nadimaSvili akad. b. kuf-tinis TiTqmis yvela eqspediciis aqtiuri monawile iyo (1936-1952).
1938 wlidan 1952 wlamde s. nadimaSvili iyo saqarTve-los arqiteqturul saqmeTa sammarTvelos kulturis Ze-glTa dacvis ganyofilebis rwmunebuli goris raionsa da e. w. `samxreT oseTSi~ (imdroindeli administraci-uli dayofiT), paralelurad, 1938 wlidan muSaobda go-ris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis (1943 wlidan saxelm-wifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi q. gorSi) mecni-er TanamSromlad (1952_2001 _ direqtorad). sergo nadim-aSvilis mier 1930_40-ian wlebSi Catarebul arqeologi-ur dazvervaTa da ZeglTa moZiebis savele samuSaoebis
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erTi nawilis amsaxvelia winamdebare krebulSi war-modgenili konkretuli xasiaTis moxsenebebi, romlebic wlebis manZilze gamouqveynebeli iyo.
sergo nadimaSvili aqtiurad muSaobda arqeologiu-ri kvleva-Ziebis meTodikis Teoriul sakiTxebzec, risi dasturicaa krebulSi mocemuli naSromi _ `ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani~. garda aRwera- fiqsaciisa, sergo nadimaSvili did yuradRebas aqcevda mis mier gamovlenil arqeologiur ZeglTa toponimika-sac, romelTa saxelwodebebi xSir SemTxvevaSi zustad Seesabameba arqeologiur Tu xuroTmoZRvrebis ZeglTa uwindel daniSnulebas da maT istoriasac ki exmianeba. amdenad, naSromSi naxsenebi toponimikuri masala qar-Tuli enaTmecnierebisaTvis saintereso iqneba.
krebulSi mocemuli moxsenebebi: `ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani~, `walkaSi aRmoCenili yor-Ranebi~, `qarTlSi axla aRmoCenili yorRanebi~, <<tyvi-avis `Zvel maRlebis~ yorRanebi da maTi aRmoCenis istoria>> sergo nadimaSvilis mier wakiTxuli iyo 1939 wels, goris pedagogiuri institutis istoriis samec-niero wris sxdomaze.
1930-40-ian wlebSi sergo nadimaSvilis samecniero moRvaweobas asaxavs akademikosebis, nikoloz berZeniS-vilis da boris kuftinis daxasiaTebebi, rac aseve pir-velad qveyndeba.
sergo nadimaSvilis mier 1930_40-ian wlebSi mikvleu-li arqeologiuri Zeglebis erTi nawili gamoqveynebuliiqna akad. b. kuftinis, prof. s. makalaTias, prof. o. jafariZis da sxva mkvlevarTa naSromebSi1.
krebuls Tan davurTeT sergo nadimaSvilis Sesax-eb arsebuli bibliografiis sia, Sedgenili misi piradi wignadi fondis da periodikis mixedviT (amdenad, igi
1 იხ. 1. ოთარ ჯაფარიძე _ ქართველი ტომების ისტორიისათვის ლითონის წარმოების ადრეულ საფეხურზე. თბილისი, 1961 წ.
arasrulia). aseve pirvelad qveyndeba 1930_40-iani wlebis arqeologiuri eqspediciebis muSaobis amsaxveli zogi-erTi foto s. nadimaSvilis piradi fotoarqividan.
krebulSi _ `qarTlis arqeologiuri Zeglebi~ _ dasaxelebuli, sergo nadimaSvilis mier 1930_40-ian wlebSi Sida qarTlis teritoriaze mikvleuli arqeologiuri Zeglebis: uZvelesi nasoflar-namosax-larebis (,,ganmxoloebuli gorebis~), yorRanebis da sxva saxis artefaqtebis garkveuli nawili jer kidev Seuswavlelia da, amdenad, isini udavod saintereso masalas warmoadgenen momavali arqeologiuri kvle-visaTvis.
imeds gamovTqvamT, rom sergo nadimaSvilis mier Sida qarTlSi aRmoCenili arqeologiuri Zeglebi qarTveli Tu ucxoeli mkvlevarebis mier gamomzeurdeba da ufro metad warmoCindeba kavkasiis uZvelesi mkvidri mosaxle _ `qarTvelur tomTa~ mier Seqmnili TviTmyofadi kul-tura.
solomon nadimaSvili
4 5
erTi nawilis amsaxvelia winamdebare krebulSi war-modgenili konkretuli xasiaTis moxsenebebi, romlebic wlebis manZilze gamouqveynebeli iyo.
sergo nadimaSvili aqtiurad muSaobda arqeologiu-ri kvleva-Ziebis meTodikis Teoriul sakiTxebzec, risi dasturicaa krebulSi mocemuli naSromi _ `ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani~. garda aRwera- fiqsaciisa, sergo nadimaSvili did yuradRebas aqcevda mis mier gamovlenil arqeologiur ZeglTa toponimika-sac, romelTa saxelwodebebi xSir SemTxvevaSi zustad Seesabameba arqeologiur Tu xuroTmoZRvrebis ZeglTa uwindel daniSnulebas da maT istoriasac ki exmianeba. amdenad, naSromSi naxsenebi toponimikuri masala qar-Tuli enaTmecnierebisaTvis saintereso iqneba.
krebulSi mocemuli moxsenebebi: `ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani~, `walkaSi aRmoCenili yor-Ranebi~, `qarTlSi axla aRmoCenili yorRanebi~, <<tyvi-avis `Zvel maRlebis~ yorRanebi da maTi aRmoCenis istoria>> sergo nadimaSvilis mier wakiTxuli iyo 1939 wels, goris pedagogiuri institutis istoriis samec-niero wris sxdomaze.
1930-40-ian wlebSi sergo nadimaSvilis samecniero moRvaweobas asaxavs akademikosebis, nikoloz berZeniS-vilis da boris kuftinis daxasiaTebebi, rac aseve pir-velad qveyndeba.
sergo nadimaSvilis mier 1930_40-ian wlebSi mikvleu-li arqeologiuri Zeglebis erTi nawili gamoqveynebuliiqna akad. b. kuftinis, prof. s. makalaTias, prof. o. jafariZis da sxva mkvlevarTa naSromebSi1.
krebuls Tan davurTeT sergo nadimaSvilis Sesax-eb arsebuli bibliografiis sia, Sedgenili misi piradi wignadi fondis da periodikis mixedviT (amdenad, igi
1 იხ. 1. ოთარ ჯაფარიძე _ ქართველი ტომების ისტორიისათვის ლითონის წარმოების ადრეულ საფეხურზე. თბილისი, 1961 წ.
arasrulia). aseve pirvelad qveyndeba 1930_40-iani wlebis arqeologiuri eqspediciebis muSaobis amsaxveli zogi-erTi foto s. nadimaSvilis piradi fotoarqividan.
krebulSi _ `qarTlis arqeologiuri Zeglebi~ _ dasaxelebuli, sergo nadimaSvilis mier 1930_40-ian wlebSi Sida qarTlis teritoriaze mikvleuli arqeologiuri Zeglebis: uZvelesi nasoflar-namosax-larebis (,,ganmxoloebuli gorebis~), yorRanebis da sxva saxis artefaqtebis garkveuli nawili jer kidev Seuswavlelia da, amdenad, isini udavod saintereso masalas warmoadgenen momavali arqeologiuri kvle-visaTvis.
imeds gamovTqvamT, rom sergo nadimaSvilis mier Sida qarTlSi aRmoCenili arqeologiuri Zeglebi qarTveli Tu ucxoeli mkvlevarebis mier gamomzeurdeba da ufro metad warmoCindeba kavkasiis uZvelesi mkvidri mosaxle _ `qarTvelur tomTa~ mier Seqmnili TviTmyofadi kul-tura.
solomon nadimaSvili
6 7
daxasiaTeba
sergo ilias Ze nadimaSvili im enTuziasti arqeol-ogebis ricxvs ekuTvnis, romelnic xSirad samecniero dawesebulebaTa gareSec, sakuTari TaosnobiTa da sax-srebiTac ki nayofierad muSaoben Cven qveyanaSi mrav-lad mimofantuli, miwiszeda Tu miwisqveSa Zeglebis mogroveba-aRweris, samuzeumo dacvisa da Seswavli-saTvis. 12 weliwadzed metia, rac igi amgvar muSaobas eweva. 1935 wels saqarTvelos mxareTmcodneobis sazo-gadoebisa da institutis davalebiT atarebda feoda-luri xanis ZeglTa fiqsacia-aRweras patara da didi liaxvis xeobebSi. 1936_1941 ww. aseTsave muSaobas ewe-oda Sida qarTlSi, rusTavelisa da misi epoqis muze-umis davalebiT. 1936-sa da 1940 wlebSi monawileobda saqarTvelos kult. ZeglTa dacvis ganyofilebis Tri-aleTis arqeologiur eqspediciaSi (prof. b. kuftinis xelmZRvanelobiT), sadac man uTuod safuZvliani
momzadeba miiRo savele muSaobis meTodikis mxriv. 1938 w. da 1940 w. igi muSaobda imave ganyofilebisa da goris istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis tyviavis ar-qeologiur eqspediciaSi (doc. s. makalaTias xelmZR-vanelobiT), romelic sTxrida mis mier mignebul yor-Ranebs. 1939 wels kult. ZeglTa dacvis ganyofilebis davalebiT dazverviTi Txra Caatara goris cixeze da miakvlia iq antikuri drois naSTebs. 1938 wlidan 1941 wlamde msaxurobda goris istoriul-eTnografi-ul muzeumSi arqeologiuri ganyofilebis umcrosi mecnier TanamSromlis Tanamdebobaze, xolo 1941-1942 ww. (wiTel armiaSi mobilizaciamde) _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis istoriuli arqeologiis ganyo-filebis umcr. mecn. muSakad (kameralurad amuSavebda TrialeTis eqspediciis masalebs prof. b. kuftinis xelmZRvanelobiT). demobilizaciis Semdeg, 1944-1945 ww. kvlav goris muzeumSi muSaobda, arqeologiis ganyo-filebis mecn. muSakad, paralelurad ganagebda samx-reT oseTis samxareTmcodneo muzeumis arqeologiis ganyofilebas (saq. gansaxkomis kult.-saganmanaTleb-lo dawesebulebaTa sammarTvelos mivlinebiT). 1944 wels frones xeobis arqeologiur ZeglTa dazvervaze muSaobda, 1945 wels _ dvanis arqeologiur eqspedicia-Si monawileobda. 1938 wlidan dRemde iTvleba arqite-qturis saqmeTa sammarTvelos kult. ZeglTa dacvis ganyofilebis rwmunebulad goris raionSi da samxreT oseTSi.
amx. nadimaSvils arqeologiurad dazverili aqvs qarTli borjomidan mcxeTamde, mtkvris Suawelis SenakadTa xeobebs aswvriv (liaxvebi, frone, lexura, qsani, niCbura, kavTura, skrula, TeZami, tana, Zama da ma-Ti Senakadebis _ Warebulas, berSoula-xurvaleTis, mejudis, aTrevas da sxv. xeobebi da agreTve Tria-leTisa da gujareTis zogi adgili). igi specialu-rad adevnebda Tvalyurs nataxtar-goris gzatkecilis mSeneblobisas da tirifonis arxs gaswvriv SemTxveviT
akademikosinikoloz berZeniSvili
/1895-1965/
6 7
daxasiaTeba
sergo ilias Ze nadimaSvili im enTuziasti arqeol-ogebis ricxvs ekuTvnis, romelnic xSirad samecniero dawesebulebaTa gareSec, sakuTari TaosnobiTa da sax-srebiTac ki nayofierad muSaoben Cven qveyanaSi mrav-lad mimofantuli, miwiszeda Tu miwisqveSa Zeglebis mogroveba-aRweris, samuzeumo dacvisa da Seswavli-saTvis. 12 weliwadzed metia, rac igi amgvar muSaobas eweva. 1935 wels saqarTvelos mxareTmcodneobis sazo-gadoebisa da institutis davalebiT atarebda feoda-luri xanis ZeglTa fiqsacia-aRweras patara da didi liaxvis xeobebSi. 1936_1941 ww. aseTsave muSaobas ewe-oda Sida qarTlSi, rusTavelisa da misi epoqis muze-umis davalebiT. 1936-sa da 1940 wlebSi monawileobda saqarTvelos kult. ZeglTa dacvis ganyofilebis Tri-aleTis arqeologiur eqspediciaSi (prof. b. kuftinis xelmZRvanelobiT), sadac man uTuod safuZvliani
momzadeba miiRo savele muSaobis meTodikis mxriv. 1938 w. da 1940 w. igi muSaobda imave ganyofilebisa da goris istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis tyviavis ar-qeologiur eqspediciaSi (doc. s. makalaTias xelmZR-vanelobiT), romelic sTxrida mis mier mignebul yor-Ranebs. 1939 wels kult. ZeglTa dacvis ganyofilebis davalebiT dazverviTi Txra Caatara goris cixeze da miakvlia iq antikuri drois naSTebs. 1938 wlidan 1941 wlamde msaxurobda goris istoriul-eTnografi-ul muzeumSi arqeologiuri ganyofilebis umcrosi mecnier TanamSromlis Tanamdebobaze, xolo 1941-1942 ww. (wiTel armiaSi mobilizaciamde) _ saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis istoriuli arqeologiis ganyo-filebis umcr. mecn. muSakad (kameralurad amuSavebda TrialeTis eqspediciis masalebs prof. b. kuftinis xelmZRvanelobiT). demobilizaciis Semdeg, 1944-1945 ww. kvlav goris muzeumSi muSaobda, arqeologiis ganyo-filebis mecn. muSakad, paralelurad ganagebda samx-reT oseTis samxareTmcodneo muzeumis arqeologiis ganyofilebas (saq. gansaxkomis kult.-saganmanaTleb-lo dawesebulebaTa sammarTvelos mivlinebiT). 1944 wels frones xeobis arqeologiur ZeglTa dazvervaze muSaobda, 1945 wels _ dvanis arqeologiur eqspedicia-Si monawileobda. 1938 wlidan dRemde iTvleba arqite-qturis saqmeTa sammarTvelos kult. ZeglTa dacvis ganyofilebis rwmunebulad goris raionSi da samxreT oseTSi.
amx. nadimaSvils arqeologiurad dazverili aqvs qarTli borjomidan mcxeTamde, mtkvris Suawelis SenakadTa xeobebs aswvriv (liaxvebi, frone, lexura, qsani, niCbura, kavTura, skrula, TeZami, tana, Zama da ma-Ti Senakadebis _ Warebulas, berSoula-xurvaleTis, mejudis, aTrevas da sxv. xeobebi da agreTve Tria-leTisa da gujareTis zogi adgili). igi specialu-rad adevnebda Tvalyurs nataxtar-goris gzatkecilis mSeneblobisas da tirifonis arxs gaswvriv SemTxveviT
akademikosinikoloz berZeniSvili
/1895-1965/
8 9
aRmoCenebs. dazvervis Sedegad mis mier mopovebuli masalebi Tavmoyrilia saqarTvelos muzeumis istori-ul ganyofilebaSi, gorisa da staliniris muzeumebSi. amave muzeumebSi adreve moxvedrili sayuradRebo eq-sponatebis aRmoCenis adgilisa da viTarebis Semowme-ba-dazustebis mizniTac amx. nadimaSvils didi muSao-ba aqvs Catarebuli.
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis institutma, gaiTvaliswina ra s. nadimaSvilis rigi utyuari Rirse-bani da qarTlis arqeologiur ZeglTa kargad codna, 1946 wlidan Caaba igi Tavis eqspediciebSi _ samxreT oseTsa da TrialeTSi (mecn. kand. g. gobejiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT), sadac man Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc dauzarelma sasargeblo mecnierma, romelsac maxvili savele alRo, dakvirvebis unari da didi gamocdileba aqvs.
1948 wlis gazafxulze institutma xelSekrulebiT moiwvia s. nadimaSvili da daavala mas arqeologiu-ri dazvervis Catareba liaxvis Suawelisa da frones xeobebSi, rac man warmatebiT Seasrula, zedmiwevniT sayuradRebo samuzeumo masala Camoitana da mimdinare TveSi kidevac waikiTxa saTanado saangariSo moxseneba institutSi. amasTanave mas aqvs ramodenime daubeWdavi naSromi _ dazvervaTa angariSebi da zogierTi Zeglis kvlevis Sedegebi.
amx. nadimaSvili didi siyvaruliTa da energiiT ekideba saqarTvelos arqeologiur Seswavlas da igi erTnairad sasargeblo muSakia rogorc savele, ise sa-muzeumo saqmianobaSi.
istoriis institutis direqtori
saq. ssr mecn. akad. n. w. n. berZeniSvili
30. VI _ 48 w.
/Targmani rusulidan/
s. i. nadimaSvils vicnob rogorc samuzeumo da savele muSaks. igi mecnier TanamSromlis saxiT araerTxel iReb-da monawileobas Cem mier naxelmZRvaneleb arqeologi-ur eqspediciebSi: TrialeTSi (1936-40), samxreT oseTSi (1945) da yovelTvis avlenda karg Sromisunarianobas, saqmisadmi erTgulebas da saorganizacio iniciativobas, _ gansakuTrebiT aucilebels saeqspedicio pirobebSi.
1941 wels (mobilizaciamde) igi muSaobda aseve CemTan, eqspediciis masalebis kameralur damuSavebaze saqarT-velos saxelmwifo muzeumSi da yovelTvis warmatebiT asrulebda davalebebs arqeologiur dazvervaTa mxriv.
nadimaSvilma, Tavisi saqmis siyvaruliT, SeiZina mni-Svnelovani gamocdileba da `kargi Tvali~ samuzeumo arqeologiis da eTnografiis dargSi. mas ekuTvnis didi raodenoba mSvenieri Senakrebi masalisa goris istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis arqeologiur kole-qciaTa Soris, sadac igi ramdenime wlis manZilze
akademikosiboris kuftini
/1892-1953/
8 9
aRmoCenebs. dazvervis Sedegad mis mier mopovebuli masalebi Tavmoyrilia saqarTvelos muzeumis istori-ul ganyofilebaSi, gorisa da staliniris muzeumebSi. amave muzeumebSi adreve moxvedrili sayuradRebo eq-sponatebis aRmoCenis adgilisa da viTarebis Semowme-ba-dazustebis mizniTac amx. nadimaSvils didi muSao-ba aqvs Catarebuli.
iv. javaxiSvilis saxelobis istoriis institutma, gaiTvaliswina ra s. nadimaSvilis rigi utyuari Rirse-bani da qarTlis arqeologiur ZeglTa kargad codna, 1946 wlidan Caaba igi Tavis eqspediciebSi _ samxreT oseTsa da TrialeTSi (mecn. kand. g. gobejiSvilis xelmZRvanelobiT), sadac man Tavi gamoiCina, rogorc dauzarelma sasargeblo mecnierma, romelsac maxvili savele alRo, dakvirvebis unari da didi gamocdileba aqvs.
1948 wlis gazafxulze institutma xelSekrulebiT moiwvia s. nadimaSvili da daavala mas arqeologiu-ri dazvervis Catareba liaxvis Suawelisa da frones xeobebSi, rac man warmatebiT Seasrula, zedmiwevniT sayuradRebo samuzeumo masala Camoitana da mimdinare TveSi kidevac waikiTxa saTanado saangariSo moxseneba institutSi. amasTanave mas aqvs ramodenime daubeWdavi naSromi _ dazvervaTa angariSebi da zogierTi Zeglis kvlevis Sedegebi.
amx. nadimaSvili didi siyvaruliTa da energiiT ekideba saqarTvelos arqeologiur Seswavlas da igi erTnairad sasargeblo muSakia rogorc savele, ise sa-muzeumo saqmianobaSi.
istoriis institutis direqtori
saq. ssr mecn. akad. n. w. n. berZeniSvili
30. VI _ 48 w.
/Targmani rusulidan/
s. i. nadimaSvils vicnob rogorc samuzeumo da savele muSaks. igi mecnier TanamSromlis saxiT araerTxel iReb-da monawileobas Cem mier naxelmZRvaneleb arqeologi-ur eqspediciebSi: TrialeTSi (1936-40), samxreT oseTSi (1945) da yovelTvis avlenda karg Sromisunarianobas, saqmisadmi erTgulebas da saorganizacio iniciativobas, _ gansakuTrebiT aucilebels saeqspedicio pirobebSi.
1941 wels (mobilizaciamde) igi muSaobda aseve CemTan, eqspediciis masalebis kameralur damuSavebaze saqarT-velos saxelmwifo muzeumSi da yovelTvis warmatebiT asrulebda davalebebs arqeologiur dazvervaTa mxriv.
nadimaSvilma, Tavisi saqmis siyvaruliT, SeiZina mni-Svnelovani gamocdileba da `kargi Tvali~ samuzeumo arqeologiis da eTnografiis dargSi. mas ekuTvnis didi raodenoba mSvenieri Senakrebi masalisa goris istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis arqeologiur kole-qciaTa Soris, sadac igi ramdenime wlis manZilze
akademikosiboris kuftini
/1892-1953/
10 11
muSaobda mecnier TanamSromlad. mis mier Sida qarTlis da samxreT oseTis arqeologiuri ruqisaTvis dagrovili masalebi ukve gaxda sawyisi mTeli rigi arqeologiuri kvleva-ZiebebisaTvis, romlebSic Tavad igi agreTve aqtiur monawileobas iRebda: tyviavis yorRanebis, sa-kulto gora nacargoras, dvanis, zRudrisgverdas da sxva gaTxrebSi.
saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri b. kuftini
8 seqtemberi, 1948 weli.
sergo nadimaSvili
1. ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani
yorRanebi iseTive daniSnulebis Zeglebia, rogorc piramidebi, dolmenebi da qvayuTebi. iq marxavdnen mic-valebulebs ormoSi an samarxSi, an kremaciis Semdeg aTavsebdnen maT ferfls. xSirad erTi da igive tipis samarxebis sxvadasxva saxeebs vxvdebiT erTi da imave dros. yorRanebis jgufSi Sedis sxvadasxva saxis da moyvanilobis yorRanebi, romlebic SegviZlia davana-wiloT da davyoT Semdegnairad: I. sididis mxriv _ a) monumenturi; b) saSualo; g) momcro; d) patara; II. moculobis mxriv _ a) simaRliT 20-30 metris da ufro maRalic, diametriT 100-150 metri; b) saSualo simaRlis _ 10-20 metramde, diametriT 50-100 m-mde; g) momcro simaRlis _ 5-10 metramde, diametriT 20-50 m-mde; d) patara simaRlis _ 2-5 metramde, diametriT 10-20 metramde.
unda aRvniSnoT, rom zemoxsenebuli tipis yorRan-ebis zoma SeiZleba zogjer ufro didi an mcire si-didis iyos da mocemuli zomebi Cven ar miviCnioT dogmaturad. agreTve, zog SemTxvevaSi zemoaRniSnuli zomis yorRanebze ufro didi zomis yorRanebic gvxvdeba, magram, meore mxriv, ar unda daviviwyoT isic, rom zogierTi yorRani atmosferuli naleqebisa da dinamiuri Zalebis gavlenis gamo Zalian icvlida Tavis sidides da formas, romlebic dReisaTvis umetesad gvxvdeba deformirebuli saxiT, rac, rasakvirveliapirvelad maT sidides ar gamoxatavs, _ sinamdvileSi Cven saqme gvaqvs saxeSecvlil samarxebTan.
Cven SegviZlia yorRanebi agreTve ganvixiloT da ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan formis mixedviT _ yorRani SeiZleba iyos: a) wriuli formis; b) naxevarwris saxis; anda _ g) elifsoidis formisa. amas garda, yorRani SeiZleba iyos cilindrul-konusuri formisac. agreTvegvxvdeba yorRanebis sxvadasxva saxe yorRanis simaRlis
10 11
muSaobda mecnier TanamSromlad. mis mier Sida qarTlis da samxreT oseTis arqeologiuri ruqisaTvis dagrovili masalebi ukve gaxda sawyisi mTeli rigi arqeologiuri kvleva-ZiebebisaTvis, romlebSic Tavad igi agreTve aqtiur monawileobas iRebda: tyviavis yorRanebis, sa-kulto gora nacargoras, dvanis, zRudrisgverdas da sxva gaTxrebSi.
saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis namdvili wevri b. kuftini
8 seqtemberi, 1948 weli.
sergo nadimaSvili
1. ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani
yorRanebi iseTive daniSnulebis Zeglebia, rogorc piramidebi, dolmenebi da qvayuTebi. iq marxavdnen mic-valebulebs ormoSi an samarxSi, an kremaciis Semdeg aTavsebdnen maT ferfls. xSirad erTi da igive tipis samarxebis sxvadasxva saxeebs vxvdebiT erTi da imave dros. yorRanebis jgufSi Sedis sxvadasxva saxis da moyvanilobis yorRanebi, romlebic SegviZlia davana-wiloT da davyoT Semdegnairad: I. sididis mxriv _ a) monumenturi; b) saSualo; g) momcro; d) patara; II. moculobis mxriv _ a) simaRliT 20-30 metris da ufro maRalic, diametriT 100-150 metri; b) saSualo simaRlis _ 10-20 metramde, diametriT 50-100 m-mde; g) momcro simaRlis _ 5-10 metramde, diametriT 20-50 m-mde; d) patara simaRlis _ 2-5 metramde, diametriT 10-20 metramde.
unda aRvniSnoT, rom zemoxsenebuli tipis yorRan-ebis zoma SeiZleba zogjer ufro didi an mcire si-didis iyos da mocemuli zomebi Cven ar miviCnioT dogmaturad. agreTve, zog SemTxvevaSi zemoaRniSnuli zomis yorRanebze ufro didi zomis yorRanebic gvxvdeba, magram, meore mxriv, ar unda daviviwyoT isic, rom zogierTi yorRani atmosferuli naleqebisa da dinamiuri Zalebis gavlenis gamo Zalian icvlida Tavis sidides da formas, romlebic dReisaTvis umetesad gvxvdeba deformirebuli saxiT, rac, rasakvirveliapirvelad maT sidides ar gamoxatavs, _ sinamdvileSi Cven saqme gvaqvs saxeSecvlil samarxebTan.
Cven SegviZlia yorRanebi agreTve ganvixiloT da ganvasxvavoT erTmaneTisagan formis mixedviT _ yorRani SeiZleba iyos: a) wriuli formis; b) naxevarwris saxis; anda _ g) elifsoidis formisa. amas garda, yorRani SeiZleba iyos cilindrul-konusuri formisac. agreTvegvxvdeba yorRanebis sxvadasxva saxe yorRanis simaRlis
12 13
wveros daboloebis formis mxriv, _ SeiZleba iyos: 1) piramiduli formis; 2) naxevrad gadaWrili; da 3) brtyeli.
yorRanis wverze SesamCnevi moedania, _ agreTve sru-lad mokveTili da mcired amaRlebuli. Semadgeneli ma-salis mixedviT, yorRanebi SeiZleba iyos riyis qviT an Tlili qviT nagebiAda miwayriliT avsebuli.
yorRanebi orgvaria aseve TviT nagebobis mxriv: a) zogi yorRani mokirwylulia zedapirze da TaRi aqvs gadayvanili; yorRans garSemo, dedamiwis zedapirze, didi, uzarmazari lodebisagan Semovlebuli aqvs la-mazad nagebi sartyeli, romelic rusul literaturaSi iwodeba ad; b) zogjer es sartyeli an yore yor-Rans garSemo miSenebuli aqvs riyis didi qvebiT, rac arsebul yorRanebs Soris ukve gasarCevia.
yorRanebi erTmaneTisgan kidev gansxvavdeba samarxis ormos mixedviT, romelTaganac SegviZlia davasaxeloT: 1) pirveli saxis yorRanebi warmoadgenen mxolod dedami-wis zedapirze daSenebul an ubralo qvayril, anda miwayril samarx yorRanebs, romlis qveSac, dedamiwis winandel zedapirze micvalebuli moTavsebulia qvis yuTSi an isevea dasvenebuli miwis fenaze; 2) meore sax-is yorRanebs ki miekuTvnebian iseTi yorRanebi, rodesac gaTxrilia cilindruli an elifsoiduri formis sa-marxis ormo da micvalebuli am ormos Zirze, niadagis qveda fenazea dasaflavebuli, yorRanis ormoSi ki, zog-jer _ a) didi samarxi oTaxiseburad aris amoSenebuli didi lodebiT; an _ b) miwis fenas fenobrivad mosdevs qvafenili _ mokirwyluli riyis qvis wyoba _ yorRanis ormodan dawyebuli, yorRanis zedapiramdis. es imazea damokidebuli, Tu ra diametrisaa yorRanis samarxis ormo.
yorRanebis gaTxrebis dakvirvebis Sedegad SegviZlia aRvniSnoT, rom zogierTi yorRanis siRrme, ormodan zedapiramdis, udris 10-15 metrs; magaliTad: walkaSi,
`biuq Tefes~ yorRanis siRrme, yorRanis zedapiridan samarxis ormos Ziramde, udrida 12,5 metrs, romelic sul miwiTa da qvanayariT masiurad iyo amovsebuli. am yorRanis sigrZe 120 metri iyo, sigane ki _ 60 metri. es didi moculobis yorRani eqspediciis mier gaTxrili iqna 1936 wels, profesor, arqeolog b. a. kuftinis xe-lmZRvanelobiT. aseTi didi zomis yorRanebi da ufro udidesnic saqarTveloSi ramdenime adgilas moiZieba, romlebic jer kidev ucnobia arqeologiisaTvis da ar gamxdara kvlevis obieqtebi.
minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom sxva ZeglebTan Se-darebiT yorRanTa ganxilvis Sesaxeb ufro metad Seva-Cere mkiTxvelis yuradReba, radgan saWiroa, yovelma dainteresebulma pirma miqcios yuradReba im garemoe-bas, rom Tavis sofelSi, dabaSi an mxareSi arsebul mindor adgilebSi moipoveba Tu ara aseTi saxis Zegle-bi da Tu moipoveba, moaxdinos maTi zogadi Seswavla da aRwera, riTac igi unda iyos darwmunebuli rom mecnierebas miscems Zalian did da saintereso masalas axal-axali arqeologiuri Zeglis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb, Tu es uZvirfasesi obieqtebi moipoveba im teritoriaze, sadac igi moqmedebs da cxovrobs.
rogor unda SevamCnioT yorRanebis arseboba arqeo-logiurad Seuswavlel raionebsa da adgilebSi? upirve-lesad, Cven unda gvaxsovdes da vicodeT is gza, xerxebi da meTodebi, elementarulad mainc, romelic saWiroa arqeologiur-istoriul siZveleTa dasazverad da ga-mosarkvevad. imisaTvis, rom SeviswavloT istoriuli Zeglebis erT-erTi saxe siZveleebisa _ yorRanebi, unda vawarmooT dakvirveba Semdegnairad: yorRanebis arsebobis garkvevisaTvis da gamocnobisaTvis damkvirvebel-Sem-swavlelma advilad SesamCnev movakebul adgilebSi unda awarmoos gamokvleva, radganac mTagorian adgi-lebSi reliefi TviT bunebrivad, e. i. geologiurad, xSirad aSlilia, magaliTad mikrosinklinebis da an-tiklinebis gamo, e. i. aRrmavebul-CaRrmavebuli adgi-
12 13
wveros daboloebis formis mxriv, _ SeiZleba iyos: 1) piramiduli formis; 2) naxevrad gadaWrili; da 3) brtyeli.
yorRanis wverze SesamCnevi moedania, _ agreTve sru-lad mokveTili da mcired amaRlebuli. Semadgeneli ma-salis mixedviT, yorRanebi SeiZleba iyos riyis qviT an Tlili qviT nagebiAda miwayriliT avsebuli.
yorRanebi orgvaria aseve TviT nagebobis mxriv: a) zogi yorRani mokirwylulia zedapirze da TaRi aqvs gadayvanili; yorRans garSemo, dedamiwis zedapirze, didi, uzarmazari lodebisagan Semovlebuli aqvs la-mazad nagebi sartyeli, romelic rusul literaturaSi iwodeba ad; b) zogjer es sartyeli an yore yor-Rans garSemo miSenebuli aqvs riyis didi qvebiT, rac arsebul yorRanebs Soris ukve gasarCevia.
yorRanebi erTmaneTisgan kidev gansxvavdeba samarxis ormos mixedviT, romelTaganac SegviZlia davasaxeloT: 1) pirveli saxis yorRanebi warmoadgenen mxolod dedami-wis zedapirze daSenebul an ubralo qvayril, anda miwayril samarx yorRanebs, romlis qveSac, dedamiwis winandel zedapirze micvalebuli moTavsebulia qvis yuTSi an isevea dasvenebuli miwis fenaze; 2) meore sax-is yorRanebs ki miekuTvnebian iseTi yorRanebi, rodesac gaTxrilia cilindruli an elifsoiduri formis sa-marxis ormo da micvalebuli am ormos Zirze, niadagis qveda fenazea dasaflavebuli, yorRanis ormoSi ki, zog-jer _ a) didi samarxi oTaxiseburad aris amoSenebuli didi lodebiT; an _ b) miwis fenas fenobrivad mosdevs qvafenili _ mokirwyluli riyis qvis wyoba _ yorRanis ormodan dawyebuli, yorRanis zedapiramdis. es imazea damokidebuli, Tu ra diametrisaa yorRanis samarxis ormo.
yorRanebis gaTxrebis dakvirvebis Sedegad SegviZlia aRvniSnoT, rom zogierTi yorRanis siRrme, ormodan zedapiramdis, udris 10-15 metrs; magaliTad: walkaSi,
`biuq Tefes~ yorRanis siRrme, yorRanis zedapiridan samarxis ormos Ziramde, udrida 12,5 metrs, romelic sul miwiTa da qvanayariT masiurad iyo amovsebuli. am yorRanis sigrZe 120 metri iyo, sigane ki _ 60 metri. es didi moculobis yorRani eqspediciis mier gaTxrili iqna 1936 wels, profesor, arqeolog b. a. kuftinis xe-lmZRvanelobiT. aseTi didi zomis yorRanebi da ufro udidesnic saqarTveloSi ramdenime adgilas moiZieba, romlebic jer kidev ucnobia arqeologiisaTvis da ar gamxdara kvlevis obieqtebi.
minda xazgasmiT aRvniSno, rom sxva ZeglebTan Se-darebiT yorRanTa ganxilvis Sesaxeb ufro metad Seva-Cere mkiTxvelis yuradReba, radgan saWiroa, yovelma dainteresebulma pirma miqcios yuradReba im garemoe-bas, rom Tavis sofelSi, dabaSi an mxareSi arsebul mindor adgilebSi moipoveba Tu ara aseTi saxis Zegle-bi da Tu moipoveba, moaxdinos maTi zogadi Seswavla da aRwera, riTac igi unda iyos darwmunebuli rom mecnierebas miscems Zalian did da saintereso masalas axal-axali arqeologiuri Zeglis aRmoCenis Sesaxeb, Tu es uZvirfasesi obieqtebi moipoveba im teritoriaze, sadac igi moqmedebs da cxovrobs.
rogor unda SevamCnioT yorRanebis arseboba arqeo-logiurad Seuswavlel raionebsa da adgilebSi? upirve-lesad, Cven unda gvaxsovdes da vicodeT is gza, xerxebi da meTodebi, elementarulad mainc, romelic saWiroa arqeologiur-istoriul siZveleTa dasazverad da ga-mosarkvevad. imisaTvis, rom SeviswavloT istoriuli Zeglebis erT-erTi saxe siZveleebisa _ yorRanebi, unda vawarmooT dakvirveba Semdegnairad: yorRanebis arsebobis garkvevisaTvis da gamocnobisaTvis damkvirvebel-Sem-swavlelma advilad SesamCnev movakebul adgilebSi unda awarmoos gamokvleva, radganac mTagorian adgi-lebSi reliefi TviT bunebrivad, e. i. geologiurad, xSirad aSlilia, magaliTad mikrosinklinebis da an-tiklinebis gamo, e. i. aRrmavebul-CaRrmavebuli adgi-
14 15
lebisagan reliefi xSirad gorakiania, patara da sa-Sualo simaRlis borcvebis saxiT, romelic bunebrivi pirobebis, dinamiuri Zalebisagan ganicdis metamorfizms, anu saxeSecvlas Rebulobs, ris gamoc bunebrivi borcvi garegnulad bevrjer yorRanis damaxasiaTebeli formis yovelgvar garkveul moTxovnas akmayofilebs, rasac zogjer arqeologi SecdomaSi Sehyavs, Tu man kargad ver gansWvrita bunebrivi Zalebis gavlena da axlos ar dgas geologiur mecnierebasTan.
Cven zemoT aRvniSnavdiT, rom advilad gamocnobis mizniT (Tu geologias ar vicnobT) yorRanebi unda veZioT vake mindvrebsa da saxnav miwebSi, radganac aseT adgilebSi miwa sworia da yvelgan davakebulia, sadac Soridanve advilad SesamCnevia amaRlebuli, borcvisebu-ri formis SemaRleba, romelic pirveladi saxis zogadi Seswavlis Sedegad SegviZlia miviCnioT samarxi yor-Ranis tipis Zeglad.
xSirad yorRani wriuli an kvercxisebur-elifsoidu-ri formis garSemowerilobas atarebs xolme, Tu igi de-formirebuli ar aris. agreTve, zogjer Zalian advilad SesamCnevia dedamiwis zedapiridan amoburculi, Tavisi nayariT xSirad sokoseburi moyvanilobis yorRanebi, romlebic xan riyis qvebiTaa mokirwyluli zedapirze, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, xan ki zogjer miwanayariTaa datkepnili zedapirze da dayamirebulia. xSirad yor-Ranebze ZeZvis an sxva mcenareTa buCqebia amosuli, rac yorRans icavs gadarecxvisa da deformaciisagan.
xSirad yorRani deformirebulia, anu misi forma aRar atarebs iseTsave saxes, rogoric is iyo agebis dros, magram Cven, dazvervisa da Seswavlis dros, misi nayaris darCenili erTi naxevari nawiliT an meoTxedi nawilisgan unda movxazoT mTliani xazi yorRanis zeda farTisa, radganac SegveZlos samarxis ormos an TviT yorRanis farTis `daWera~, raTa yorRanis centralur dasaflavebas ar avcdeT da movuZebnoT yorRans kiduri
kedlebi, ris mouZebnelobis SemTxvevaSi dagvrCeba an avcdebiT yorRanis gasaTxreli nawilis adgils.
dasasrul, gvinda aRvniSnoT isic, rom aseTi yor-Ranebis mSeneblobas da nagebobas hqonda Tavisi garkveu-li arqiteqturul-teqnikuri done da mizani, _ maTi age-bis droisaTvis da epoqisaTvis.
yorRanebi, rogorc samarxebi, axasiaTebdaT garkve-ul tomebs da garkveul epoqas. maTi ageba moiTxovda auracxel muSaxels, romlebic guldasmiT da mWidrod agebdnen aseT monumentur samarxs gvaris an ojaxis: an ramdenime micvalebuli wevrisTvis, an, bolos, sapativsacemo micvalebuli pirisaTvis, rogoric uZvelesad iyvnen: gvaris ufrosi, qurumi, sardali an romelime gmiri, romelTa `keTilganwyobis~, `simpa-tiebis~ da pativiscemis gamo maTi samarxis anu `mudmivi samyofelis~ agebas axmardnen Tavis Sromasa da niWs didi mondomebiTa da krZalviT. rodesac aseTi warCinebuli piri gardaicvleboda, misi mo-nebi valdebulni iyvnen xelosnebTan erTad aegoT RirSesaniSnavi, monumenturi samarxi, romelic mu-dmivad SesamCnevi iqneboda droTa ganmavlobaSi da ar wariSleboda dedamiwaze, JamTaviTarebis miuxedavad. swored amitom, dReisaTvis Cven gvxvdeba sxvadasxva zomis yorRanebi, rac gamowveuli unda iyos imiT, Tu vin, ra mosaqmeobis adamiani aris dasaflavebuli ama Tu im yorRanSi.
saWiroa zustad iqnes Seswavlili yorRanebis si-dideebi, formebi da zomebi, raTa momavalSi, roca saqa-rTveloSi dagrovdeba masalebi yorRanebis Sesaxeb, advili Seiqnes maTi Sedareba da garkveva, winaswarve, detalur Seswavla-gamokvlevamdec ki, Tu ra saxis da jgufis yorRanTan gvaqvs saqme.
gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom yorRanTa arqeologiuri Ses-wavlis dros, gaTxrebis Catarebis Semdeg vswavlobT da varkvevT, Tu vis ekuTvnoda es yorRani, _ romel
14 15
lebisagan reliefi xSirad gorakiania, patara da sa-Sualo simaRlis borcvebis saxiT, romelic bunebrivi pirobebis, dinamiuri Zalebisagan ganicdis metamorfizms, anu saxeSecvlas Rebulobs, ris gamoc bunebrivi borcvi garegnulad bevrjer yorRanis damaxasiaTebeli formis yovelgvar garkveul moTxovnas akmayofilebs, rasac zogjer arqeologi SecdomaSi Sehyavs, Tu man kargad ver gansWvrita bunebrivi Zalebis gavlena da axlos ar dgas geologiur mecnierebasTan.
Cven zemoT aRvniSnavdiT, rom advilad gamocnobis mizniT (Tu geologias ar vicnobT) yorRanebi unda veZioT vake mindvrebsa da saxnav miwebSi, radganac aseT adgilebSi miwa sworia da yvelgan davakebulia, sadac Soridanve advilad SesamCnevia amaRlebuli, borcvisebu-ri formis SemaRleba, romelic pirveladi saxis zogadi Seswavlis Sedegad SegviZlia miviCnioT samarxi yor-Ranis tipis Zeglad.
xSirad yorRani wriuli an kvercxisebur-elifsoidu-ri formis garSemowerilobas atarebs xolme, Tu igi de-formirebuli ar aris. agreTve, zogjer Zalian advilad SesamCnevia dedamiwis zedapiridan amoburculi, Tavisi nayariT xSirad sokoseburi moyvanilobis yorRanebi, romlebic xan riyis qvebiTaa mokirwyluli zedapirze, rogorc zemoT aRvniSneT, xan ki zogjer miwanayariTaa datkepnili zedapirze da dayamirebulia. xSirad yor-Ranebze ZeZvis an sxva mcenareTa buCqebia amosuli, rac yorRans icavs gadarecxvisa da deformaciisagan.
xSirad yorRani deformirebulia, anu misi forma aRar atarebs iseTsave saxes, rogoric is iyo agebis dros, magram Cven, dazvervisa da Seswavlis dros, misi nayaris darCenili erTi naxevari nawiliT an meoTxedi nawilisgan unda movxazoT mTliani xazi yorRanis zeda farTisa, radganac SegveZlos samarxis ormos an TviT yorRanis farTis `daWera~, raTa yorRanis centralur dasaflavebas ar avcdeT da movuZebnoT yorRans kiduri
kedlebi, ris mouZebnelobis SemTxvevaSi dagvrCeba an avcdebiT yorRanis gasaTxreli nawilis adgils.
dasasrul, gvinda aRvniSnoT isic, rom aseTi yor-Ranebis mSeneblobas da nagebobas hqonda Tavisi garkveu-li arqiteqturul-teqnikuri done da mizani, _ maTi age-bis droisaTvis da epoqisaTvis.
yorRanebi, rogorc samarxebi, axasiaTebdaT garkve-ul tomebs da garkveul epoqas. maTi ageba moiTxovda auracxel muSaxels, romlebic guldasmiT da mWidrod agebdnen aseT monumentur samarxs gvaris an ojaxis: an ramdenime micvalebuli wevrisTvis, an, bolos, sapativsacemo micvalebuli pirisaTvis, rogoric uZvelesad iyvnen: gvaris ufrosi, qurumi, sardali an romelime gmiri, romelTa `keTilganwyobis~, `simpa-tiebis~ da pativiscemis gamo maTi samarxis anu `mudmivi samyofelis~ agebas axmardnen Tavis Sromasa da niWs didi mondomebiTa da krZalviT. rodesac aseTi warCinebuli piri gardaicvleboda, misi mo-nebi valdebulni iyvnen xelosnebTan erTad aegoT RirSesaniSnavi, monumenturi samarxi, romelic mu-dmivad SesamCnevi iqneboda droTa ganmavlobaSi da ar wariSleboda dedamiwaze, JamTaviTarebis miuxedavad. swored amitom, dReisaTvis Cven gvxvdeba sxvadasxva zomis yorRanebi, rac gamowveuli unda iyos imiT, Tu vin, ra mosaqmeobis adamiani aris dasaflavebuli ama Tu im yorRanSi.
saWiroa zustad iqnes Seswavlili yorRanebis si-dideebi, formebi da zomebi, raTa momavalSi, roca saqa-rTveloSi dagrovdeba masalebi yorRanebis Sesaxeb, advili Seiqnes maTi Sedareba da garkveva, winaswarve, detalur Seswavla-gamokvlevamdec ki, Tu ra saxis da jgufis yorRanTan gvaqvs saqme.
gvinda aRvniSnoT, rom yorRanTa arqeologiuri Ses-wavlis dros, gaTxrebis Catarebis Semdeg vswavlobT da varkvevT, Tu vis ekuTvnoda es yorRani, _ romel
16 17
xalxs da kulturis ganviTarebis ra doneze idga is xalxi, romelTac ekuTvnodaT es yorRanebi. amasTa-nave, SesaZlebelia gamorkveul iqnes maSindel tomTa zne-Cveulebani da damarxvis wesebi. yorRanebSi aRmoCe-nili masalebiTve SesaZlebelia gamorkveuli iqnes ma-Sindeli liTonebis damuSavebis teqnika da `industria~, Tu am ukanasknelis nimuSebi aRmoCndeba yorRanebSi nivTebis an iaraRis saxiT; agreTve varkvevT keramikisa da meWurWleobis teqnikas da ganviTarebis dones. yor-RanSive SesaZlebelia aRmoCenili iqnes romelime tomis an gvaris damwerlobis nimuSebi. yoveli es aRmoCena axal masalas warmoadgens mecnierebisaTvis da Cveni sazogadoebriobisaTvis.
am samarxebis saSualebiT, arqeologias anTropol-ogiis daxmarebis moSveliebiT _ ConCxis da Tavis qalas ganzomilebaTa Seswavlis niadagze _ SeuZlia gamoarkvios, Tu romeli tomebi mosaxleobdnen im periodSi, romel xanasac ekuTvnian yorRanebi.
arqeologia yorRanebis Seswavlis niadagze daadgens ama Tu im tomTa mosaxleobis da kulturis gavrcelebis sazRvrebs, maT urTierTkavSirs, vaWrobisa da mimosv-lis saSualebebs da maT urTierTdamokidebulebas.
yorRanebi, rogorc samarxebi, cnobilia _ „
“ aqki Cven SegviZlia davamatoT, rom yorRanebis nagebobebma Cvenamde moaRwies. amitom ufro sainteresoa Seviswav-loT Cvens mxareebSi Tu moipoveba yorRanebi, romlebic /maTi gamovlenis Semdgom/ gadaiqcevian kvlevis obieqte-bad.
dReisaTvis arqeologiuri Seswavlis Sedegad gam-ovlinda didi istoriuli mniSvnelobis Zeglebi. aseT Zeglebs ganekuTvneba kolxeTis yorRanebi, romlebic
1934 wlamde ucnobi iyo mecnierebisaTvis. sof. qvalon-Tan axlos Catarda `naoxvamus~ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi arqeolog sergi makalaTias xelmZRvanelobiT, ris Se-degadac gamoirkva, rom yorRanSi iyo xis nageboba, ro-melic mcenaris ylortebiT iyo daxuruli, sadac au-racxeli wabli iyo Senaxuli. yorRanma, arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT, mecnierebas misca keramikuli warmoebis mdi-dari nimuSebi, e. w. ,,moprialebuli keramikis~ WurWeli.
2. walkaSi aRmoCenili yorRanebi
1936 wels, saqarTvelos cak.-Tan arsebuli siZveleTa dacvis komitetis da xramhesis direqciis mier, moewyo arqeologiuri eqspedicia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda profesori boris aleqsis Ze kuftini. arqeologiurma eqspediciam winaswari dazvervis Sedegad Seiswavla walkis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, ris Semdegac Seudga sxvadasxva Zeglebis arqeologiur gaTxrebs im te-ritoriaze, sadac, xramhesis eleqtrosadguris mSe-neblobasTan dakavSirebiT, wyliT daifareboda 60 kv. kilometri farTobi. arqeologiurma eqspediciam sxva Zeglebs Soris, sxvadasxva adgilebSi gaTxara yorRanebi, riTac mdidari masala SesZina mecnierebas arqeologiurad jer sruliad ucnobi da Seuswavleli raionis Sesaxeb. iq aRmoCenili ganaTxari masalebi Suqs hfenen ara marto walkis mxaris warsul istorias, aramed migviTiTeben saqarTveloSi uZlieresi kul-turis keris arsebobaze im xanaSi, sanam Zlier saxel-mwifod Seiqmneboda `qaldeis samyaro~. am nivTebis aRmoCeniT mtkicdeba, rom saqarTvelo im dros mWi-drod iyo dakavSirebuli Zveli aRmosavleTis didi kulturis mqone qveynebTan, saxeldobr xeTis mZlavr saxelmwifosTan.
1936 wels walkaSi 9 adgilas aRricxuli iyo Semdegi saxelwodebiT cnobili yorRanebi:
16 17
xalxs da kulturis ganviTarebis ra doneze idga is xalxi, romelTac ekuTvnodaT es yorRanebi. amasTa-nave, SesaZlebelia gamorkveul iqnes maSindel tomTa zne-Cveulebani da damarxvis wesebi. yorRanebSi aRmoCe-nili masalebiTve SesaZlebelia gamorkveuli iqnes ma-Sindeli liTonebis damuSavebis teqnika da `industria~, Tu am ukanasknelis nimuSebi aRmoCndeba yorRanebSi nivTebis an iaraRis saxiT; agreTve varkvevT keramikisa da meWurWleobis teqnikas da ganviTarebis dones. yor-RanSive SesaZlebelia aRmoCenili iqnes romelime tomis an gvaris damwerlobis nimuSebi. yoveli es aRmoCena axal masalas warmoadgens mecnierebisaTvis da Cveni sazogadoebriobisaTvis.
am samarxebis saSualebiT, arqeologias anTropol-ogiis daxmarebis moSveliebiT _ ConCxis da Tavis qalas ganzomilebaTa Seswavlis niadagze _ SeuZlia gamoarkvios, Tu romeli tomebi mosaxleobdnen im periodSi, romel xanasac ekuTvnian yorRanebi.
arqeologia yorRanebis Seswavlis niadagze daadgens ama Tu im tomTa mosaxleobis da kulturis gavrcelebis sazRvrebs, maT urTierTkavSirs, vaWrobisa da mimosv-lis saSualebebs da maT urTierTdamokidebulebas.
yorRanebi, rogorc samarxebi, cnobilia _ „
“ aqki Cven SegviZlia davamatoT, rom yorRanebis nagebobebma Cvenamde moaRwies. amitom ufro sainteresoa Seviswav-loT Cvens mxareebSi Tu moipoveba yorRanebi, romlebic /maTi gamovlenis Semdgom/ gadaiqcevian kvlevis obieqte-bad.
dReisaTvis arqeologiuri Seswavlis Sedegad gam-ovlinda didi istoriuli mniSvnelobis Zeglebi. aseT Zeglebs ganekuTvneba kolxeTis yorRanebi, romlebic
1934 wlamde ucnobi iyo mecnierebisaTvis. sof. qvalon-Tan axlos Catarda `naoxvamus~ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi arqeolog sergi makalaTias xelmZRvanelobiT, ris Se-degadac gamoirkva, rom yorRanSi iyo xis nageboba, ro-melic mcenaris ylortebiT iyo daxuruli, sadac au-racxeli wabli iyo Senaxuli. yorRanma, arqeologiuri gaTxrebiT, mecnierebas misca keramikuli warmoebis mdi-dari nimuSebi, e. w. ,,moprialebuli keramikis~ WurWeli.
2. walkaSi aRmoCenili yorRanebi
1936 wels, saqarTvelos cak.-Tan arsebuli siZveleTa dacvis komitetis da xramhesis direqciis mier, moewyo arqeologiuri eqspedicia, romelsac xelmZRvanelobda profesori boris aleqsis Ze kuftini. arqeologiurma eqspediciam winaswari dazvervis Sedegad Seiswavla walkis arqeologiuri Zeglebi, ris Semdegac Seudga sxvadasxva Zeglebis arqeologiur gaTxrebs im te-ritoriaze, sadac, xramhesis eleqtrosadguris mSe-neblobasTan dakavSirebiT, wyliT daifareboda 60 kv. kilometri farTobi. arqeologiurma eqspediciam sxva Zeglebs Soris, sxvadasxva adgilebSi gaTxara yorRanebi, riTac mdidari masala SesZina mecnierebas arqeologiurad jer sruliad ucnobi da Seuswavleli raionis Sesaxeb. iq aRmoCenili ganaTxari masalebi Suqs hfenen ara marto walkis mxaris warsul istorias, aramed migviTiTeben saqarTveloSi uZlieresi kul-turis keris arsebobaze im xanaSi, sanam Zlier saxel-mwifod Seiqmneboda `qaldeis samyaro~. am nivTebis aRmoCeniT mtkicdeba, rom saqarTvelo im dros mWi-drod iyo dakavSirebuli Zveli aRmosavleTis didi kulturis mqone qveynebTan, saxeldobr xeTis mZlavr saxelmwifosTan.
1936 wels walkaSi 9 adgilas aRricxuli iyo Semdegi saxelwodebiT cnobili yorRanebi:
18 19
1. `biuq-Tefe~ (`didi gora~);
2. `quCuk-Tafa~ (`patara goraka~), mis gverdiT mdebare sof. sanomeris maxloblad;
3. sof. SepiakTan _ `biuq gonc~ (`didi borcvi~);
4. sof. Sepiakis maxloblad _ `quCuk gonc~ (`patara borcvi~);
5. `korux daS~ _ sof. sanomeris da sof. Sepiakis Soris;
6. `apostolun Tafasi~ (`mociqulTa gorakebi~) _ iqve axlos mdebare;
7. `karaxtini~ _ igi sof. sanomersa da sof. winwyaros Soris mdebareobs. misi saxeli sityva ̀ karantini~-sgan aris warmomdgari da isea gavrcelebuli xalxSi;
8. sof. sanTasa da yorRan `biuq Tefes~ Soris mdebare yorRani _ sakmaod daculi da wriseburi garSemower-ilobis mqone;
9. sanTas tbis maxloblad mdebare, qvis didi lodebi-sagan (ciklopuri tipis) nagebi yorRani, romelic calkeuli kamerebisagan Sedgeboda.
zemoT CamoTvlili yorRanebidan 1936 wels walkis raionSi gaiTxara Semdegi yorRanebi:
1. yorRani `biuq-Tefe~;
2. yorRani `quCuk-Tafa~;
3. sanTas tbis piras mdebare, lodebiT nagebi yorRani;
4. erTi aseTive saxis yorRani Sig sofel sanTaSi _ CrdiloeTiT, ciklopuri nagebobis cixis Txemis Zirs, romelic gamoirkva, rom sruliad gaZarculi iyo oqrosmaZiebelTa mier.
am yorRanebis garda, zemoxsenebulma eqspediciam prof. b. a. kuftinis xelmZRvanelobiT yvela darCenili gauTxreli yorRanebi gaTxara Semdeg momdevno or wels, 1937_38 ww. da kidev awarmoa dazverva sxva yorRanebis
aRmosaCenad, ramac dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRo da eqspe-diciam gaTxara kidev ramdenime yorRani. welsac, 1939 w. gadawyvetilia, rom eqspedicia ganagrZobs gaTxrebs xsenebul raionSi, ufro detalurad Seswavlis mizniT, raTa ar iqnes darCenili Seuswavleli is Zeglebi, romlebic momavalSi daifareba wyliT, radgan am ad-gilze unda warmoiSvas xelovnurad dagubebuli tba, _ wyalsacavi eleqtrosadgurisaTvis.
3. qarTlSi axla aRmoCenili yorRanebi
zemoT dasaxelebuli yorRanebis garda, saqarTve-loSi sxva yorRanebis arseboba ucnobi iyo specialistTa Soris da literaturaSi.
1937_38 wlebSi am werilis avtoris mier pirvelad iqna monaxuli da Seswavlili qarTlis teritoriaze sxvadasxva saxis da tipis yorRanebi. qarTlSi yorRanebis arsebobas didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos da, ker-Zod, qarTlis uZvelesi istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi. axla aRmoCenili qarTlis yorRanebi gasdevs md. patara da didi liaxvis xeobas, romelic uZvelesi gza iyo qarTlidan CrdiloeTisaken. yorRanebis es sistema iwye-ba sof. karaleTis Tavidan da liaxvis xeobas gasdevs mdinaris saTaveebamde _ mTebamde.
am mxaris mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli iyo azri, rom TiTqos es yorRanebi aris ubralo `qvis nayrebi~ da uwodeben: `Zvel maRlebs~, `goxebs~, `gorakebs~; maTi si-didis mixedviT ki xalxs Soris gavrcelebulia gan-masxvavebeli saxelwodeba: `didi~ an `patara~ goraka, an pirdapir _ sityva `goraka~; calkeuli yorRanebis erTad SemaRlebul jgufs ki _ `Tamar mefis cxenis naquslavebs~ an kidev, `Tamar mefis jaris natalaxevs~ uwodeben.
g. banTaSvilis cnobiT, sofel qvemo Walis maxlo-blad aris `gorakebi~, sadac maT axlos gaSenebulia
18 19
1. `biuq-Tefe~ (`didi gora~);
2. `quCuk-Tafa~ (`patara goraka~), mis gverdiT mdebare sof. sanomeris maxloblad;
3. sof. SepiakTan _ `biuq gonc~ (`didi borcvi~);
4. sof. Sepiakis maxloblad _ `quCuk gonc~ (`patara borcvi~);
5. `korux daS~ _ sof. sanomeris da sof. Sepiakis Soris;
6. `apostolun Tafasi~ (`mociqulTa gorakebi~) _ iqve axlos mdebare;
7. `karaxtini~ _ igi sof. sanomersa da sof. winwyaros Soris mdebareobs. misi saxeli sityva ̀ karantini~-sgan aris warmomdgari da isea gavrcelebuli xalxSi;
8. sof. sanTasa da yorRan `biuq Tefes~ Soris mdebare yorRani _ sakmaod daculi da wriseburi garSemower-ilobis mqone;
9. sanTas tbis maxloblad mdebare, qvis didi lodebi-sagan (ciklopuri tipis) nagebi yorRani, romelic calkeuli kamerebisagan Sedgeboda.
zemoT CamoTvlili yorRanebidan 1936 wels walkis raionSi gaiTxara Semdegi yorRanebi:
1. yorRani `biuq-Tefe~;
2. yorRani `quCuk-Tafa~;
3. sanTas tbis piras mdebare, lodebiT nagebi yorRani;
4. erTi aseTive saxis yorRani Sig sofel sanTaSi _ CrdiloeTiT, ciklopuri nagebobis cixis Txemis Zirs, romelic gamoirkva, rom sruliad gaZarculi iyo oqrosmaZiebelTa mier.
am yorRanebis garda, zemoxsenebulma eqspediciam prof. b. a. kuftinis xelmZRvanelobiT yvela darCenili gauTxreli yorRanebi gaTxara Semdeg momdevno or wels, 1937_38 ww. da kidev awarmoa dazverva sxva yorRanebis
aRmosaCenad, ramac dadebiTi Sedegi gamoiRo da eqspe-diciam gaTxara kidev ramdenime yorRani. welsac, 1939 w. gadawyvetilia, rom eqspedicia ganagrZobs gaTxrebs xsenebul raionSi, ufro detalurad Seswavlis mizniT, raTa ar iqnes darCenili Seuswavleli is Zeglebi, romlebic momavalSi daifareba wyliT, radgan am ad-gilze unda warmoiSvas xelovnurad dagubebuli tba, _ wyalsacavi eleqtrosadgurisaTvis.
3. qarTlSi axla aRmoCenili yorRanebi
zemoT dasaxelebuli yorRanebis garda, saqarTve-loSi sxva yorRanebis arseboba ucnobi iyo specialistTa Soris da literaturaSi.
1937_38 wlebSi am werilis avtoris mier pirvelad iqna monaxuli da Seswavlili qarTlis teritoriaze sxvadasxva saxis da tipis yorRanebi. qarTlSi yorRanebis arsebobas didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos da, ker-Zod, qarTlis uZvelesi istoriis Seswavlis saqmeSi. axla aRmoCenili qarTlis yorRanebi gasdevs md. patara da didi liaxvis xeobas, romelic uZvelesi gza iyo qarTlidan CrdiloeTisaken. yorRanebis es sistema iwye-ba sof. karaleTis Tavidan da liaxvis xeobas gasdevs mdinaris saTaveebamde _ mTebamde.
am mxaris mosaxleobaSi gavrcelebuli iyo azri, rom TiTqos es yorRanebi aris ubralo `qvis nayrebi~ da uwodeben: `Zvel maRlebs~, `goxebs~, `gorakebs~; maTi si-didis mixedviT ki xalxs Soris gavrcelebulia gan-masxvavebeli saxelwodeba: `didi~ an `patara~ goraka, an pirdapir _ sityva `goraka~; calkeuli yorRanebis erTad SemaRlebul jgufs ki _ `Tamar mefis cxenis naquslavebs~ an kidev, `Tamar mefis jaris natalaxevs~ uwodeben.
g. banTaSvilis cnobiT, sofel qvemo Walis maxlo-blad aris `gorakebi~, sadac maT axlos gaSenebulia
20 21
sofeli, romelsac adgilobriv `did gorakis~ gamo eZaxian `gorakas~ (kaspis raioni, sof. goraka).
osTa Soris yorRanebis anu ,,gorakebis~ saxelwodeba Semdegnairadaa cnobili: aseT amaRlebul `borcobebs~ uwodeben `JuyTa-kupuTa~, rac qarTulad niSnavs `ma-Ral-dablobs~; osebi yorRanebs agreTve eZaxian `go-ra~-s an pirdapir _ `SanTa~-s, rac qarTulad niSnavs `borcvs~, mag. _ sof. krozis (javis raioni) mcxovrebTa Soris cnobilia yorRanebis Semdegi saxelwodebani: `papuna SanTa~, `kodax-jin SanTa~ (`jirkvnari borcvi~), `aRsarjin SanTa~ (`muxnari borcvi~), `roin yaubel~, `SagatTa~, `zangTa~, `yugom SanTa~ (`mindvris borcvi~) da sxva saxelwodebis yorRanebi; e. i. osebi borcvs uwo-deben `SanTa~-s, romelsac umateben im saxels, ranairi maxasiaTebeliTac sxva borcvisgan gamoirCeva esa Tu is yorRani.
qarTlis yorRanebidan CvenTvis cnobilia CvenamdeTavisiT _ daculi saxiT _ moRweuli Semdegi damaxasi-aTebeli yorRanebi:
sof. karaleTSi /goris raioni, 7 km q. goridan/, Sig Suagul sofelSi, wyaros maxloblad aris yorRani, di-di moculobisa, romelzec daSenebulia Senoba, sadac dRes moTavsebulia soflis aTwledi skola. es yorRani elifsoidis formisaa da gagrZelebulia Crdilo-sam-xreTis mimarTulebiT. misi simaRle daaxloebiT udris 6 metrs, dedamiwis zedapiridan yorRanis wveramdis; sigrZe ki 120 metrs udris _ miaxloebiT. yorRans wveri mokveTili aqvs, sadac movakebul moedanze adgilobrivi mebatonis, mixeil erisTavis mier daSenebuli iqna erT-sarTuliani Senoba. yorRanis maxloblad aris koSkis nangrevi, romelic am feodals hkuTvnebia. yorRanze Cem mier mokrebili iqna zedapiruli masala, romel-Taganac sayuradReboa Zveli, damtvreuli WurWlis moprialebuli keramikis natexebi, rac adasturebs da migviTiTebs, rom es borcvi unda iyos samarxisaTvis mowyobili da dayrili. agreTve sainteresoa is movlena,
rom mowafeebi aq xSirad pouloben mZivebs da sxvadasxva cxovelebis gamomsaxvel, brinjaosagan damzadebul mcire qandakebebs, rac mowafeebs Soris ver vnaxe _ ukve gadaeyaraT, radgan mSoblebs uTqviaT: `gadayareT, Torem Tilismaa iq, batonianT gorakze Camarxuli~. ase rom am Zvirfas aRmoCenaTa kvals Cven ver mivageniT.
yorRanebi karaleTis teritoriaze agreTve cnobilia soflidan CrdiloeTiT, 1 km-is daSorebiT _ gori_staliniris2 Sose gzis maxloblad. aq, `patara gor-akebis~ miwaSi aris deformirebuli yorRani, romelic SuaSi CaRrmavebulia, rac miuTiTebs, rom es yorRani gaZarculi unda iyos ganZmaZiebelTa mier warsulSi. es `goraka~, anu yorRani, mdebareobs bogiris maxloblad, gardigardmo, Sose gzidan 40 metris daSorebiT, sarwyav ru `patara garejulas~ marcxniv. yorRanis samxreTiT, sarwyavi rus marjvena mxares gaSenebulia koleqtivis venaxi, CrdiloeTiT ki saxnavi miwebia sof. Zeveramdis.
yorRani ̀ didi goraka~ mdebareobs Sose gzis marcxniv, md. Warebulas maxloblad, saxnav miwebSi. yorRani garSemo Semoxnulia da Sua adgilas, erTi metris siRrmeze organ CaTxrilia. sof. karaleTSi mcxovrebi kolmeurne stefane giorgis Ze xaribegaSvilis cnobiTmisi mamis gadmocemiT axsovs, rom: ,,soflis batons, mi-xeil erisTavs dauyenebia glexebi begaraze da gauTxre-vinebia es goraka zedapirze, sadac unaxiaT sxvadasxva zomis qilebi da brinjaos samkaulebi. Tavads roca unaxavs, rom samkaulebi oqrosi ar aRmoCnda, xalxisTvis uTqvams, rom gaTxrisaTvis Tavi daenebaT; glexebsac ise-ve dautoviaT da aRar gauTxriaT~. es goraka mdebareobs `gorakebis miwaSi~, soflidan Crdilo-dasavleTiT. yorRanis simaRlea 2 m, xolo farTis sigrZe _ 30 m.
yorRan `didi gorakas~ maxloblad mdebareobs `da-bal-gora~ _ `maloqebis miwaSi~,'romlis mimarTebiT kidev aris `dabali goraka~, romelic Semoxnuli da
2 ქ. ცხინვალის სახელწოდება 1934 წლიდან 1964 წლამდე.
20 21
sofeli, romelsac adgilobriv `did gorakis~ gamo eZaxian `gorakas~ (kaspis raioni, sof. goraka).
osTa Soris yorRanebis anu ,,gorakebis~ saxelwodeba Semdegnairadaa cnobili: aseT amaRlebul `borcobebs~ uwodeben `JuyTa-kupuTa~, rac qarTulad niSnavs `ma-Ral-dablobs~; osebi yorRanebs agreTve eZaxian `go-ra~-s an pirdapir _ `SanTa~-s, rac qarTulad niSnavs `borcvs~, mag. _ sof. krozis (javis raioni) mcxovrebTa Soris cnobilia yorRanebis Semdegi saxelwodebani: `papuna SanTa~, `kodax-jin SanTa~ (`jirkvnari borcvi~), `aRsarjin SanTa~ (`muxnari borcvi~), `roin yaubel~, `SagatTa~, `zangTa~, `yugom SanTa~ (`mindvris borcvi~) da sxva saxelwodebis yorRanebi; e. i. osebi borcvs uwo-deben `SanTa~-s, romelsac umateben im saxels, ranairi maxasiaTebeliTac sxva borcvisgan gamoirCeva esa Tu is yorRani.
qarTlis yorRanebidan CvenTvis cnobilia CvenamdeTavisiT _ daculi saxiT _ moRweuli Semdegi damaxasi-aTebeli yorRanebi:
sof. karaleTSi /goris raioni, 7 km q. goridan/, Sig Suagul sofelSi, wyaros maxloblad aris yorRani, di-di moculobisa, romelzec daSenebulia Senoba, sadac dRes moTavsebulia soflis aTwledi skola. es yorRani elifsoidis formisaa da gagrZelebulia Crdilo-sam-xreTis mimarTulebiT. misi simaRle daaxloebiT udris 6 metrs, dedamiwis zedapiridan yorRanis wveramdis; sigrZe ki 120 metrs udris _ miaxloebiT. yorRans wveri mokveTili aqvs, sadac movakebul moedanze adgilobrivi mebatonis, mixeil erisTavis mier daSenebuli iqna erT-sarTuliani Senoba. yorRanis maxloblad aris koSkis nangrevi, romelic am feodals hkuTvnebia. yorRanze Cem mier mokrebili iqna zedapiruli masala, romel-Taganac sayuradReboa Zveli, damtvreuli WurWlis moprialebuli keramikis natexebi, rac adasturebs da migviTiTebs, rom es borcvi unda iyos samarxisaTvis mowyobili da dayrili. agreTve sainteresoa is movlena,
rom mowafeebi aq xSirad pouloben mZivebs da sxvadasxva cxovelebis gamomsaxvel, brinjaosagan damzadebul mcire qandakebebs, rac mowafeebs Soris ver vnaxe _ ukve gadaeyaraT, radgan mSoblebs uTqviaT: `gadayareT, Torem Tilismaa iq, batonianT gorakze Camarxuli~. ase rom am Zvirfas aRmoCenaTa kvals Cven ver mivageniT.
yorRanebi karaleTis teritoriaze agreTve cnobilia soflidan CrdiloeTiT, 1 km-is daSorebiT _ gori_staliniris2 Sose gzis maxloblad. aq, `patara gor-akebis~ miwaSi aris deformirebuli yorRani, romelic SuaSi CaRrmavebulia, rac miuTiTebs, rom es yorRani gaZarculi unda iyos ganZmaZiebelTa mier warsulSi. es `goraka~, anu yorRani, mdebareobs bogiris maxloblad, gardigardmo, Sose gzidan 40 metris daSorebiT, sarwyav ru `patara garejulas~ marcxniv. yorRanis samxreTiT, sarwyavi rus marjvena mxares gaSenebulia koleqtivis venaxi, CrdiloeTiT ki saxnavi miwebia sof. Zeveramdis.
yorRani ̀ didi goraka~ mdebareobs Sose gzis marcxniv, md. Warebulas maxloblad, saxnav miwebSi. yorRani garSemo Semoxnulia da Sua adgilas, erTi metris siRrmeze organ CaTxrilia. sof. karaleTSi mcxovrebi kolmeurne stefane giorgis Ze xaribegaSvilis cnobiTmisi mamis gadmocemiT axsovs, rom: ,,soflis batons, mi-xeil erisTavs dauyenebia glexebi begaraze da gauTxre-vinebia es goraka zedapirze, sadac unaxiaT sxvadasxva zomis qilebi da brinjaos samkaulebi. Tavads roca unaxavs, rom samkaulebi oqrosi ar aRmoCnda, xalxisTvis uTqvams, rom gaTxrisaTvis Tavi daenebaT; glexebsac ise-ve dautoviaT da aRar gauTxriaT~. es goraka mdebareobs `gorakebis miwaSi~, soflidan Crdilo-dasavleTiT. yorRanis simaRlea 2 m, xolo farTis sigrZe _ 30 m.
yorRan `didi gorakas~ maxloblad mdebareobs `da-bal-gora~ _ `maloqebis miwaSi~,'romlis mimarTebiT kidev aris `dabali goraka~, romelic Semoxnuli da
2 ქ. ცხინვალის სახელწოდება 1934 წლიდან 1964 წლამდე.
22 23
dadablebulia, romelzedac amosulia ZeZvi.
am yorRanebis gayolebiT, mopirdapire xazze, sof. Zeveris miwebSi mdebareobs ramdenime yorRani, romlebic esazRvreba sof. qiwnisis miwebSi arsebul yorRanebs.
aRsaniSnavia erTaderTi yorRani qiwnisis sabWoTa meurneobis boloSi, sof. saTemos maxloblad, romelic sakmaod daculia da xelSeuxebelia.
Semdegi jgufis yorRanebi SegviZlia davasaxeloT sof. SerTulsa da sof. maranas maxloblad, mamulebsa da mindvrebSi, romlebic gafantuli saxiT gvxvdeba. es yorRanebi miekuTvneba wriuli formis yorRanebs, rom-lebic miwanayariT arian amoburculi dedamiwis zeda-pirze. amaTgan gamonakliss warmoadgens sof. Zeveris gzis maxloblad arsebuli yorRani, romelic qvanayari yorRanis tips ekuTvnis.
sof. tyviavis da SerTuls Soris, `ZunZulianis~ max-loblad, `kviracxovlis~ mindorSi aris eqvsi yorRani, romlebic amdidreben da avseben am mxaris yorRanTa ricxobrivobas.
yorRanebi agreTve gvxvdeba sof. tirZnisSi, romelic mdebareobs mdinare patara liaxvis marjvena mxares. aq, baton sulxaniSvilis `xodabunebSi~ aris ori yorRani _ `did~ da `patara~ gorakad wodebuli.
sof. mejvrisxevSi, misi samxreTi gzis pirze, romel gzasac Semdeg marcxniv Camoudis md. mejuda, gzidan marjvniv, aRmosavleTiT, 20 metris manZilze aris ,,go-raka~ _ yorRani, simaRliT 3 m-is.
yorRanebi am mxareSi gxvdeba bevrgan, TiTqmis yvela soflis midamoebSi, romelTaganac davasaxelebT Semdegi mimdevrobiT _ mdinaris qveda welidan zemoT, liaxvis xeobaSi aRsaniSnavia: karaleTis yorRanebis adgilebi; garda am yorRanebisa, kidev aris Zeveris da tyviavis didi sistemis samarxebi, ramodenime saxisa; sof. tyviavis Semdeg yvelaze mravalricxovan yorRanebis saxiT
aris sof. karbis yorRanebi, romlebic warmoadgenen sxvadasxva formisa da saxis yorRanebs. es yorRanebi gasdevs md. patara liaxvis midamoebs da Tavad qmnian erT, gaerTianebul ,,yorRanTa sistemas~.
aseve aris yorRanTa meore sistema, romelic gvxvde-ba mdinare didi liaxvis xeobaSi arsebuli soflebis venaxebsa da mindvrebSi, mdinare didi liaxvis orTave mxaris mindvrebSi: sof. browleTSi, `samarileebis~ mindvrebSi, axlad gaSenebul baRSi gvxvdeba yorRani, simaRliT 1 metri nayaris da diametriT 20 metris qva-nayari yorRani _ `suramlianT goras~ saxelwodebiT; sof. meRvrekisSi aris ,,wowola qvebis~ yorRanebi, rom-lebic mdebareoben soflis gamoRma, md. did liaxvTan; q. staliniri _ aqac SegviZlia davasaxeloT ramodenime yorRani mis midamoebSi, magaliTad: sof. zemo niqozSi aris yorRanebi `nacar-gorebis~ saxelwodebiT cnobi-li, sadac glexebi pouloben samkaulebs da sxvadasxva uZveles nivTebs; yorRanebi agreTve aris sof. tbeTis maxloblad; imave xazze, ̀ nacar-gorebis~ yorRanebis sa-pirispirod, qvasaTalis maxloblad aris yorRani ̀ gor-ka-fars~, sadac irine cxovrebaSvilma, wvimis niaRvrebis Semdeg, yorRanis daxramul miwaSi naxa brinjaos xan-jali da irmis gamosaxuleba, agreTve Tixis WurWeli. es yorRani elifsiodis formisaa da mis zedapirze Cven vamCnevT CaRrmavebul ormoebs romelicASegviZlia vi-fiqroT da msjelobis Sedegad SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ormosebur, calkeul seqtorisebur samarx yorRanebis tips. es samarxi metad sainteresoa iq SemTxveviT aR-moCenili arqeologiuri ZeglebiT da es garemoeba gva-Zlevs saSualebas warmodgena viqonioT misi kulturis doneze.
md. patara liaxvis xeobaSi Cven viciT yvelaze tip-iuri yorRanebi sam adgilas: karaleTis, tyviavis da karbis samarxebi.
goris raionidan agreTve sainteresoa sof. qvemo ri-
22 23
dadablebulia, romelzedac amosulia ZeZvi.
am yorRanebis gayolebiT, mopirdapire xazze, sof. Zeveris miwebSi mdebareobs ramdenime yorRani, romlebic esazRvreba sof. qiwnisis miwebSi arsebul yorRanebs.
aRsaniSnavia erTaderTi yorRani qiwnisis sabWoTa meurneobis boloSi, sof. saTemos maxloblad, romelic sakmaod daculia da xelSeuxebelia.
Semdegi jgufis yorRanebi SegviZlia davasaxeloT sof. SerTulsa da sof. maranas maxloblad, mamulebsa da mindvrebSi, romlebic gafantuli saxiT gvxvdeba. es yorRanebi miekuTvneba wriuli formis yorRanebs, rom-lebic miwanayariT arian amoburculi dedamiwis zeda-pirze. amaTgan gamonakliss warmoadgens sof. Zeveris gzis maxloblad arsebuli yorRani, romelic qvanayari yorRanis tips ekuTvnis.
sof. tyviavis da SerTuls Soris, `ZunZulianis~ max-loblad, `kviracxovlis~ mindorSi aris eqvsi yorRani, romlebic amdidreben da avseben am mxaris yorRanTa ricxobrivobas.
yorRanebi agreTve gvxvdeba sof. tirZnisSi, romelic mdebareobs mdinare patara liaxvis marjvena mxares. aq, baton sulxaniSvilis `xodabunebSi~ aris ori yorRani _ `did~ da `patara~ gorakad wodebuli.
sof. mejvrisxevSi, misi samxreTi gzis pirze, romel gzasac Semdeg marcxniv Camoudis md. mejuda, gzidan marjvniv, aRmosavleTiT, 20 metris manZilze aris ,,go-raka~ _ yorRani, simaRliT 3 m-is.
yorRanebi am mxareSi gxvdeba bevrgan, TiTqmis yvela soflis midamoebSi, romelTaganac davasaxelebT Semdegi mimdevrobiT _ mdinaris qveda welidan zemoT, liaxvis xeobaSi aRsaniSnavia: karaleTis yorRanebis adgilebi; garda am yorRanebisa, kidev aris Zeveris da tyviavis didi sistemis samarxebi, ramodenime saxisa; sof. tyviavis Semdeg yvelaze mravalricxovan yorRanebis saxiT
aris sof. karbis yorRanebi, romlebic warmoadgenen sxvadasxva formisa da saxis yorRanebs. es yorRanebi gasdevs md. patara liaxvis midamoebs da Tavad qmnian erT, gaerTianebul ,,yorRanTa sistemas~.
aseve aris yorRanTa meore sistema, romelic gvxvde-ba mdinare didi liaxvis xeobaSi arsebuli soflebis venaxebsa da mindvrebSi, mdinare didi liaxvis orTave mxaris mindvrebSi: sof. browleTSi, `samarileebis~ mindvrebSi, axlad gaSenebul baRSi gvxvdeba yorRani, simaRliT 1 metri nayaris da diametriT 20 metris qva-nayari yorRani _ `suramlianT goras~ saxelwodebiT; sof. meRvrekisSi aris ,,wowola qvebis~ yorRanebi, rom-lebic mdebareoben soflis gamoRma, md. did liaxvTan; q. staliniri _ aqac SegviZlia davasaxeloT ramodenime yorRani mis midamoebSi, magaliTad: sof. zemo niqozSi aris yorRanebi `nacar-gorebis~ saxelwodebiT cnobi-li, sadac glexebi pouloben samkaulebs da sxvadasxva uZveles nivTebs; yorRanebi agreTve aris sof. tbeTis maxloblad; imave xazze, ̀ nacar-gorebis~ yorRanebis sa-pirispirod, qvasaTalis maxloblad aris yorRani ̀ gor-ka-fars~, sadac irine cxovrebaSvilma, wvimis niaRvrebis Semdeg, yorRanis daxramul miwaSi naxa brinjaos xan-jali da irmis gamosaxuleba, agreTve Tixis WurWeli. es yorRani elifsiodis formisaa da mis zedapirze Cven vamCnevT CaRrmavebul ormoebs romelicASegviZlia vi-fiqroT da msjelobis Sedegad SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT ormosebur, calkeul seqtorisebur samarx yorRanebis tips. es samarxi metad sainteresoa iq SemTxveviT aR-moCenili arqeologiuri ZeglebiT da es garemoeba gva-Zlevs saSualebas warmodgena viqonioT misi kulturis doneze.
md. patara liaxvis xeobaSi Cven viciT yvelaze tip-iuri yorRanebi sam adgilas: karaleTis, tyviavis da karbis samarxebi.
goris raionidan agreTve sainteresoa sof. qvemo ri-
24 25
eTis yorRani, kurtaniZis Senobis gverdiT, sadac aR-moCnda uZvelesi nivTebi. es yorRani agreTve mogvagonebs qvasaTalis yorRanis tips _ Tavisi ormoseburi, calkeu-li kamerebiT.
yorRanebis arseboba SegviZlia davasaxeloT sxvaga-nac:
goris raionis sof. sasireTSi3, sadac xvnis dros yorRanidan aRmoCenili iqna liTonis (brinjaos) sini da qvabi, _ ornamentirebuli.
leningoris4 raionis sof. monastris `Tedowmindis~ eklesia daSenebulia zed yorRanze, sadac saflavebi-saTvis miwis gaTxris dros, glexebis naambobiT, napovni iqna mZivebi, samajurebi da Sav ferad SeWvartluli Wur-Weli, romlebic warmoSobis mixedviT unda iyos Zveli WurWeli. amdenad, aq saqme gvaqvs yorRanisebur samarx-Tan, rac dasturdeba, misi garegani formisa da moyvani-lobis garda, iq aRmoCenili uZvelesi periodis kera-mikisa da sxva saganTa saxiT.
sof. qsansa da sof. xandaks Soris, cixesTan md. mtkvris piras aris sami yorRaniseburi amaRleba, romlebic unda iyos miwanayari yorRanebi. Tavisi for-miT isini wriuli saxisaa.
rkinigzis sadgur kavTisxevTan yorRanebi gvxvdeba TviT sadguris maxloblad, marcxniv _ mdinaresTan.
Cven SegviZlia, rom kidev davasaxeloT qarTlSi Cvens mier aRmoCenili sxva yorRanebic, magram esec sakmari-sia.
qarTlSi yorRanebis aseTi simravle gamowveulia imitom, rom aq mosaxleoba mWidrod iyo dasaxlebuli didi da patara liaxvis xeobaSi da isini agebdnen aseT monumentur samarxebs gvaris ufrosis, qurumis an sard-lisaTvis, rac kidevac gvidasturebs im azrs, rom Zve-
3 1939 წელს სოფ. სასირეთი ახლადშექმნილ ქარელის რაიონს მიაკუთვნეს.4. ქ. ახალგორის სახელწოდება 1934 წლიდან 1991 წლამდე.
lad, aq dasaxlebul xalxs didi SiSi da mokrZaleba hqoniaT TavianTi gvaris ufrosebisa da qurumebisa, ris Sesatyvissac Cven, aq, md. patara da didi liaxvis xeo-baSi yorRanebis aseTi simravleSi vxedavT.
am yorRanebis Seswavlis Sedegad Cven SegviZlia SeviswavloT da gamovarkvioT, Tu sad mosaxleobda maSindeli qarTlis mosaxleoba: isini upirvelesad saxldebodnen md. patara da didi liaxvis napirebze, radganac, erTi mxriv, mdinaris saSualebiT miwis xe-lovnur rwyvas misdevdnen, rom Tavis sakvebad uxvi mo-savali moeyvanaT; amitom, sarwyavi wyali rom hqonodaT, saxldebodnen swored mdinaris piras, raTa ar yofili-yvnen bunebis Semyureni, _ Tu rodis movidoda wvima; meore mxriv, adamianis cxovrebis xelSemwyobi iyo gzis arseboba da imdroindel aqaur mosaxleobas advilad SeeZlo emogzaura mezobel kuTxeebsa da mxareebSi, radganac mdinare liaxvis piras gadioda gza, romli-Tac mTeli qarTli dakavSirebuli iyo CrdiloeTTan am gzis saSualebiT.
Aaxla, am mokle eqskursis Semdeg, neba momeciT gada-vide TviT yorRan `xaris gora~-s Cvens arqeologiur gaTxrebze sof. tyviavSi da mis Sedegebze.
4. tyviavis ,,Zvel maRlebis” yorRanebi da maTi
aRmoCenis istoria
dRemde ucnobi iyo qarTlSi, da TviT sof. tyviavSi, yorRanebis arseboba, rasac Cven mokled SevexeT zemoT, axla aRmoCenili qarTlis yorRanebis saerTo ganxil-visas.
saWirod vTvli, Cemi mxriv, xazi gavusva im garemoe-bas, rom am yorRanebis aRmoCenis saqmeSi monawileoba miuZRvis istoriis Cvens samecniero wres, radganac am moxsenebis avtors Cveni wrisgan mqonda aRebuli val-debuleba aRmomeCina qarTlSi uZvelesi samarxebi yor-Ranebis saxiT, walkis raionSi arsebuli yorRanebis
24 25
eTis yorRani, kurtaniZis Senobis gverdiT, sadac aR-moCnda uZvelesi nivTebi. es yorRani agreTve mogvagonebs qvasaTalis yorRanis tips _ Tavisi ormoseburi, calkeu-li kamerebiT.
yorRanebis arseboba SegviZlia davasaxeloT sxvaga-nac:
goris raionis sof. sasireTSi3, sadac xvnis dros yorRanidan aRmoCenili iqna liTonis (brinjaos) sini da qvabi, _ ornamentirebuli.
leningoris4 raionis sof. monastris `Tedowmindis~ eklesia daSenebulia zed yorRanze, sadac saflavebi-saTvis miwis gaTxris dros, glexebis naambobiT, napovni iqna mZivebi, samajurebi da Sav ferad SeWvartluli Wur-Weli, romlebic warmoSobis mixedviT unda iyos Zveli WurWeli. amdenad, aq saqme gvaqvs yorRanisebur samarx-Tan, rac dasturdeba, misi garegani formisa da moyvani-lobis garda, iq aRmoCenili uZvelesi periodis kera-mikisa da sxva saganTa saxiT.
sof. qsansa da sof. xandaks Soris, cixesTan md. mtkvris piras aris sami yorRaniseburi amaRleba, romlebic unda iyos miwanayari yorRanebi. Tavisi for-miT isini wriuli saxisaa.
rkinigzis sadgur kavTisxevTan yorRanebi gvxvdeba TviT sadguris maxloblad, marcxniv _ mdinaresTan.
Cven SegviZlia, rom kidev davasaxeloT qarTlSi Cvens mier aRmoCenili sxva yorRanebic, magram esec sakmari-sia.
qarTlSi yorRanebis aseTi simravle gamowveulia imitom, rom aq mosaxleoba mWidrod iyo dasaxlebuli didi da patara liaxvis xeobaSi da isini agebdnen aseT monumentur samarxebs gvaris ufrosis, qurumis an sard-lisaTvis, rac kidevac gvidasturebs im azrs, rom Zve-
3 1939 წელს სოფ. სასირეთი ახლადშექმნილ ქარელის რაიონს მიაკუთვნეს.4. ქ. ახალგორის სახელწოდება 1934 წლიდან 1991 წლამდე.
lad, aq dasaxlebul xalxs didi SiSi da mokrZaleba hqoniaT TavianTi gvaris ufrosebisa da qurumebisa, ris Sesatyvissac Cven, aq, md. patara da didi liaxvis xeo-baSi yorRanebis aseTi simravleSi vxedavT.
am yorRanebis Seswavlis Sedegad Cven SegviZlia SeviswavloT da gamovarkvioT, Tu sad mosaxleobda maSindeli qarTlis mosaxleoba: isini upirvelesad saxldebodnen md. patara da didi liaxvis napirebze, radganac, erTi mxriv, mdinaris saSualebiT miwis xe-lovnur rwyvas misdevdnen, rom Tavis sakvebad uxvi mo-savali moeyvanaT; amitom, sarwyavi wyali rom hqonodaT, saxldebodnen swored mdinaris piras, raTa ar yofili-yvnen bunebis Semyureni, _ Tu rodis movidoda wvima; meore mxriv, adamianis cxovrebis xelSemwyobi iyo gzis arseboba da imdroindel aqaur mosaxleobas advilad SeeZlo emogzaura mezobel kuTxeebsa da mxareebSi, radganac mdinare liaxvis piras gadioda gza, romli-Tac mTeli qarTli dakavSirebuli iyo CrdiloeTTan am gzis saSualebiT.
Aaxla, am mokle eqskursis Semdeg, neba momeciT gada-vide TviT yorRan `xaris gora~-s Cvens arqeologiur gaTxrebze sof. tyviavSi da mis Sedegebze.
4. tyviavis ,,Zvel maRlebis” yorRanebi da maTi
aRmoCenis istoria
dRemde ucnobi iyo qarTlSi, da TviT sof. tyviavSi, yorRanebis arseboba, rasac Cven mokled SevexeT zemoT, axla aRmoCenili qarTlis yorRanebis saerTo ganxil-visas.
saWirod vTvli, Cemi mxriv, xazi gavusva im garemoe-bas, rom am yorRanebis aRmoCenis saqmeSi monawileoba miuZRvis istoriis Cvens samecniero wres, radganac am moxsenebis avtors Cveni wrisgan mqonda aRebuli val-debuleba aRmomeCina qarTlSi uZvelesi samarxebi yor-Ranebis saxiT, walkis raionSi arsebuli yorRanebis
26 27
kvalobaze, sadac Cven pirvelad SeviswavleT yorRanebi da vmuSaobdi arqeologiur eqspediciaSi 1936 wels.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cven Tavze aRebuli valdebule-ba SevasruleT da gavamarTleT dapireba, rom qarTlSi movnaxavdiT yorRanebs. es davaleba SevasruleT 2 Tvis Cveni muSaobis Sedegad, Tavadac miviReT monawileoba pativcemul, damsaxurebul pedagog da aRmzrdelTan, mecn. docent, eTnograf-istorikos sergi makalaTiasTan erTad tyviavis arqeologiur eqspediciaSi _ yorRan `xaris goras~ gaTxrebSi.
pirvelad Cven vacnobeT am yorRanebis arseboba pat. doc. sergi makalaTias, romelic dainteresebiT gamoex-maura am arqeologiuri Zeglebis aRmoCenebs da wamogvy-va maT dasadastureblad, sadac xelmeoradi dazver-vis Semdeg pat. sergi makalaTiasaganac dadasturebul da miCneul iqna yorRanebad, romelTa Sorisac, `Zvel maRlebis~ yorRanTa jgufidan, Cveni komisiis mier ga-saTxrelad arCeuli iqna yorRani `xaris gora~, romel-ic ufro daculi iyo da ar iyo deformirebuli.
amis Semdeg organizirebuli iqna arqeologiuri eqs-pedicia, mowyobili saqarTvelos xelovnebis sammarTve-losTan arsebul siZveleTa dacvis da kulturis ganyo-filebisa da goris samxareTmcodneo muzeumidan.
,,xaris gora~ sxva yorRanebTan SedarebiT aris sa-Sualo zomis (19 metri diametriT), xeluxlebeli da kargad daculi. es yorRani _ ,,xaris gora~ mdebare-obs gori-staliniris Sose gzaze da md. patara liaxvis marcxena napiras.
eqspediciam yorRanis gaTxra daiwyo 19 ivliss da gastana 1 seqtembramde /1938/. am gaTxris procesSi adgi-li hqonda sayuradRebo aRmoCenebs: yorRanis zedapirze Cndeboda rkinis da brinjaos iaraRebi da samkauli, gan-sakuTrebiT mravali iyo obsidianis da kaJis iaraRebi da sxva. yorRanis zedapiris nageboba aRmoCnda riyis didi qvebisagan nagebi. nageboba iyo mWidro da mokirwy-
luli. qvis nagebobis simaRle aRwevda 1,10 m-s dedamiwis zedapiridan. am nagebobis aRebis dros aRmoCnda mTa-vari dasaflaveba: centrTan, qvebs Soris micvalebuli iyo mokrunCxulad mwolare, TavTan edga Tixis ori jami da xelSi eWira kaJis isriswveri. am mTavari dasa-flavebis qveS, yorRanis qveS daiwyo sxva dasaflaveba-Ta aRmoCenebi.
yorRanis ormoSi, meore iarusze (zemodan qvemoT) aR-moCnda 7 dasaflaveba da erT-erT ConCxTan aRmoCenili iqna arabuli fuli, daTariRebuli hijriT _ 124 w., Cve-ni droiT _ 741 weli. mesame iarusze aRmoCnda 12 dasa-flaveba. meoTxe iarusze, yorRanis dedaqanze aRmoCnda ufro mravalricxovani dasaflavebani. sayuradReboa, rom am dasaflavebaTa Soris aris dasaflavebis narevi wesebi: aris warmarTuli (mokrunCxuli) da qristianu-li _ zurgze mwolare. samarxSi aRmoCnda ramodenime bavSvis Tavis qala. yuradRebas iqcevs micvalebulebis xelebis dakrefis sxvadasxva formebi da wesebi.
sakiTxis wamoyeneba, Tu romel toms ekuTvnis es yor-Raniseburi samarxebi, Cven migvaCnia naadrevad, sanam ar gaiTxreba liaxvis xeobaSi mdebare sxva samarxebi, rom-lebic Cven mogvcemen naTel suraTs am yorRanebis nage-bobebis sistemisa da dasaflavebis wesebis Sesaxeb. eqs-pedicias ganzraxuli aqvs dawyebuli saqme ganagrZos gaTxrebis farTo masStabiT da axlo momavalSi ganz-raxulia gaiTxaros yorRan ,,xaris goras~ maxlobel midamoebSi arsebuli yorRanebi.
yvela aRmoCenili eqsponati da amoWrili samarxebi eqspediciis mier gadacemuli iqna goris mxareTmcod-neobis muzeumisadmi, sadac ramdenime xnis Semdeg ga-mofenili iqneba zemoxsenebuli masalebi, damuSavebuli eqspediciis xelmZRvanelis, mecn. doc. s. i. makalaTias xelmZRvanelobiT.
s. i. nadimaSvili
27. II. 1939 w.
26 27
kvalobaze, sadac Cven pirvelad SeviswavleT yorRanebi da vmuSaobdi arqeologiur eqspediciaSi 1936 wels.
unda mogaxsenoT, rom Cven Tavze aRebuli valdebule-ba SevasruleT da gavamarTleT dapireba, rom qarTlSi movnaxavdiT yorRanebs. es davaleba SevasruleT 2 Tvis Cveni muSaobis Sedegad, Tavadac miviReT monawileoba pativcemul, damsaxurebul pedagog da aRmzrdelTan, mecn. docent, eTnograf-istorikos sergi makalaTiasTan erTad tyviavis arqeologiur eqspediciaSi _ yorRan `xaris goras~ gaTxrebSi.
pirvelad Cven vacnobeT am yorRanebis arseboba pat. doc. sergi makalaTias, romelic dainteresebiT gamoex-maura am arqeologiuri Zeglebis aRmoCenebs da wamogvy-va maT dasadastureblad, sadac xelmeoradi dazver-vis Semdeg pat. sergi makalaTiasaganac dadasturebul da miCneul iqna yorRanebad, romelTa Sorisac, `Zvel maRlebis~ yorRanTa jgufidan, Cveni komisiis mier ga-saTxrelad arCeuli iqna yorRani `xaris gora~, romel-ic ufro daculi iyo da ar iyo deformirebuli.
amis Semdeg organizirebuli iqna arqeologiuri eqs-pedicia, mowyobili saqarTvelos xelovnebis sammarTve-losTan arsebul siZveleTa dacvis da kulturis ganyo-filebisa da goris samxareTmcodneo muzeumidan.
,,xaris gora~ sxva yorRanebTan SedarebiT aris sa-Sualo zomis (19 metri diametriT), xeluxlebeli da kargad daculi. es yorRani _ ,,xaris gora~ mdebare-obs gori-staliniris Sose gzaze da md. patara liaxvis marcxena napiras.
eqspediciam yorRanis gaTxra daiwyo 19 ivliss da gastana 1 seqtembramde /1938/. am gaTxris procesSi adgi-li hqonda sayuradRebo aRmoCenebs: yorRanis zedapirze Cndeboda rkinis da brinjaos iaraRebi da samkauli, gan-sakuTrebiT mravali iyo obsidianis da kaJis iaraRebi da sxva. yorRanis zedapiris nageboba aRmoCnda riyis didi qvebisagan nagebi. nageboba iyo mWidro da mokirwy-
luli. qvis nagebobis simaRle aRwevda 1,10 m-s dedamiwis zedapiridan. am nagebobis aRebis dros aRmoCnda mTa-vari dasaflaveba: centrTan, qvebs Soris micvalebuli iyo mokrunCxulad mwolare, TavTan edga Tixis ori jami da xelSi eWira kaJis isriswveri. am mTavari dasa-flavebis qveS, yorRanis qveS daiwyo sxva dasaflaveba-Ta aRmoCenebi.
yorRanis ormoSi, meore iarusze (zemodan qvemoT) aR-moCnda 7 dasaflaveba da erT-erT ConCxTan aRmoCenili iqna arabuli fuli, daTariRebuli hijriT _ 124 w., Cve-ni droiT _ 741 weli. mesame iarusze aRmoCnda 12 dasa-flaveba. meoTxe iarusze, yorRanis dedaqanze aRmoCnda ufro mravalricxovani dasaflavebani. sayuradReboa, rom am dasaflavebaTa Soris aris dasaflavebis narevi wesebi: aris warmarTuli (mokrunCxuli) da qristianu-li _ zurgze mwolare. samarxSi aRmoCnda ramodenime bavSvis Tavis qala. yuradRebas iqcevs micvalebulebis xelebis dakrefis sxvadasxva formebi da wesebi.
sakiTxis wamoyeneba, Tu romel toms ekuTvnis es yor-Raniseburi samarxebi, Cven migvaCnia naadrevad, sanam ar gaiTxreba liaxvis xeobaSi mdebare sxva samarxebi, rom-lebic Cven mogvcemen naTel suraTs am yorRanebis nage-bobebis sistemisa da dasaflavebis wesebis Sesaxeb. eqs-pedicias ganzraxuli aqvs dawyebuli saqme ganagrZos gaTxrebis farTo masStabiT da axlo momavalSi ganz-raxulia gaiTxaros yorRan ,,xaris goras~ maxlobel midamoebSi arsebuli yorRanebi.
yvela aRmoCenili eqsponati da amoWrili samarxebi eqspediciis mier gadacemuli iqna goris mxareTmcod-neobis muzeumisadmi, sadac ramdenime xnis Semdeg ga-mofenili iqneba zemoxsenebuli masalebi, damuSavebuli eqspediciis xelmZRvanelis, mecn. doc. s. i. makalaTias xelmZRvanelobiT.
s. i. nadimaSvili
27. II. 1939 w.
28 29
s. i. nadimaSvili
1939 wlis savele arqeologiuri Ziebebis Sedegebi
arqeologiuri dazvervebi
md. frones xeobaSi
goris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis arqeologiuri ganyofilebis masalebis gamdidrebis mizniT da qarTl-Si arqeologiuri Zeglebis aRmosaCenad da Sesaswav-lad, 1939 wlis 24 seqtembers gavemgzavre md. frones xeobaSi, aseve viyavi mimdebare raionebSi. winaswari ar-qeologiuri SeswavliTi dazverva vawarmoeT mTel rig adgilebSi, ris Sedegad Cvens mier moZebnili iqna ar-qeologiuri kulturis iseTi axali kerebi, romelTac didi Sefaseba moeliT mecnierebisgan, iq mopovebuli masalebiT, Tu qvemoT aRniSnul adgilebSi momavalSi Catardeba arqeologiuri gaTxrebi. SegviZlia winas-warve gabedulad vTqvaT, rom Cven mier aRmoCenil uZve-les sasaflaos, romelic mdebareobs md. frones xeoba-Si, sof. dvanis maxloblad5, soflidan 1 km-is daSore-biT, uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos adrindeli istoriis Sesaswavlad, Tu ra kulturis mqone xalxi mosaxleobda Zvelad am xeobaSi da rogori ekonomiku-ri meurneobiT iyo dawinaurebuli es raioni im xanaSi. agreTve SegviZlia davamatoT is, rom sof. dvanis uZ-veless samarxebSi ukve aRmoCenili masalebis mixed-viT, Cven saqme gvaqvs im drois erT-erT dawinaurebul xalxTan da maT saintereso kulturasTan. sanam da-viwyebdeT zemoxsenebuli uZvelesi sasaflaos da mis teritoriaze SemTxveviT aRmoCenili nivTebis aRweras, Cven SevudgebiT manamde nanaxi obieqtebis da Zeglebis daxasiaTebas.
5 1944-45 წწ. სოფ. დვანში, ისტ. მეც. დოქტ. ს. მაკალათიას ხელმძღვანელობით და ს. ნადიმაშვილის მონაწილეობით, ჩატარდა არქეოლოგიური გათხრები. სოფ. დვანის სამაროვანი ს. მაკალათიამ დაათარიღა ძვ. წ. VII-VI სს.
sof. tinisxidi
sof. tinisxidi mdebareobs qalaq goridan Crdi-lo-dasavleTiT, 2 km-is daSorebiT. sofeli gaSenebu-lia mTis ferdobze, md. liaxvis marjvena napiras. sof. tinisxidSi viyaviT 1939 wlis 24 da 25 seqtembers.
sofelSi dRemde daculia Zveli qarTluri tipis, miwuri baniani `darbazi~, romelsac aqvs gakeTebuli `gvirgviniani~ sanaTuri _ konusiseburi moyvanilobis, muxis xis Zelebisagan nagebi. Sig darbazSi, dedaboZebze amokveTilia saintereso qarTuli ornamentebi, Sesrule-buli muyaiTad da martivad. darbazSi aris TaxCebi da waloebi. zogierTi walo ukve Camongreulia, riTac dar-bazi ukve sakmaod daZabunebulia. darbazi ekuTvnis ni-koloz aleqsis Ze berelaSvils. misi meuRlis gadmo-cemiT, darbazi auSenebia mamamTilis mamas, daaxloebiT 100 wlis winaT.
sof. tinisxidis sasaflaos maxloblad, soflidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT, ,,serebis miwa~-sTan, Tavisi saxlis maxloblad iason dimitris Ze aniaSvili 1934 wels akeTebda ,,kalos~. miwis moTxris dros man ipovna Savad gamomwvari Tixis qila, romelic gatexes amoRebisTanave.
sof. tinisxididan dasavleTiT, 2 km-is daSorebiT, mindorSi aris ,,jandra gorad~ wodebuli yorRani, ris maxlobladac, aleqsi ioramaSvilis mamis TqmiT, 1900-ian wlebSi Tavadma giorgi oTaris Ze amilaxvarma glex-ebs miwa gaaTxrevina farexisTvis, sadac aRmoCnda Tixis kuboebi da WurWlis namtvrevebi. ase rom aq Zveli sasa-flao unda iyos.
sof. metexi
sof. metexSi viyaviT 26-27 seqtembers. es sofeli mde-bareobs rkinigzis sadgur `metexi~-dan samxreTiT, 2 km-is daSorebiT. soflis aRmosavleTiT, baRebSi gaSenebu-
28 29
s. i. nadimaSvili
1939 wlis savele arqeologiuri Ziebebis Sedegebi
arqeologiuri dazvervebi
md. frones xeobaSi
goris mxareTmcodneobis muzeumis arqeologiuri ganyofilebis masalebis gamdidrebis mizniT da qarTl-Si arqeologiuri Zeglebis aRmosaCenad da Sesaswav-lad, 1939 wlis 24 seqtembers gavemgzavre md. frones xeobaSi, aseve viyavi mimdebare raionebSi. winaswari ar-qeologiuri SeswavliTi dazverva vawarmoeT mTel rig adgilebSi, ris Sedegad Cvens mier moZebnili iqna ar-qeologiuri kulturis iseTi axali kerebi, romelTac didi Sefaseba moeliT mecnierebisgan, iq mopovebuli masalebiT, Tu qvemoT aRniSnul adgilebSi momavalSi Catardeba arqeologiuri gaTxrebi. SegviZlia winas-warve gabedulad vTqvaT, rom Cven mier aRmoCenil uZve-les sasaflaos, romelic mdebareobs md. frones xeoba-Si, sof. dvanis maxloblad5, soflidan 1 km-is daSore-biT, uaRresi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTvelos adrindeli istoriis Sesaswavlad, Tu ra kulturis mqone xalxi mosaxleobda Zvelad am xeobaSi da rogori ekonomiku-ri meurneobiT iyo dawinaurebuli es raioni im xanaSi. agreTve SegviZlia davamatoT is, rom sof. dvanis uZ-veless samarxebSi ukve aRmoCenili masalebis mixed-viT, Cven saqme gvaqvs im drois erT-erT dawinaurebul xalxTan da maT saintereso kulturasTan. sanam da-viwyebdeT zemoxsenebuli uZvelesi sasaflaos da mis teritoriaze SemTxveviT aRmoCenili nivTebis aRweras, Cven SevudgebiT manamde nanaxi obieqtebis da Zeglebis daxasiaTebas.
5 1944-45 წწ. სოფ. დვანში, ისტ. მეც. დოქტ. ს. მაკალათიას ხელმძღვანელობით და ს. ნადიმაშვილის მონაწილეობით, ჩატარდა არქეოლოგიური გათხრები. სოფ. დვანის სამაროვანი ს. მაკალათიამ დაათარიღა ძვ. წ. VII-VI სს.
sof. tinisxidi
sof. tinisxidi mdebareobs qalaq goridan Crdi-lo-dasavleTiT, 2 km-is daSorebiT. sofeli gaSenebu-lia mTis ferdobze, md. liaxvis marjvena napiras. sof. tinisxidSi viyaviT 1939 wlis 24 da 25 seqtembers.
sofelSi dRemde daculia Zveli qarTluri tipis, miwuri baniani `darbazi~, romelsac aqvs gakeTebuli `gvirgviniani~ sanaTuri _ konusiseburi moyvanilobis, muxis xis Zelebisagan nagebi. Sig darbazSi, dedaboZebze amokveTilia saintereso qarTuli ornamentebi, Sesrule-buli muyaiTad da martivad. darbazSi aris TaxCebi da waloebi. zogierTi walo ukve Camongreulia, riTac dar-bazi ukve sakmaod daZabunebulia. darbazi ekuTvnis ni-koloz aleqsis Ze berelaSvils. misi meuRlis gadmo-cemiT, darbazi auSenebia mamamTilis mamas, daaxloebiT 100 wlis winaT.
sof. tinisxidis sasaflaos maxloblad, soflidan Crdilo-aRmosavleTis mimarTulebiT, ,,serebis miwa~-sTan, Tavisi saxlis maxloblad iason dimitris Ze aniaSvili 1934 wels akeTebda ,,kalos~. miwis moTxris dros man ipovna Savad gamomwvari Tixis qila, romelic gatexes amoRebisTanave.
sof. tinisxididan dasavleTiT, 2 km-is daSorebiT, mindorSi aris ,,jandra gorad~ wodebuli yorRani, ris maxlobladac, aleqsi ioramaSvilis mamis TqmiT, 1900-ian wlebSi Tavadma giorgi oTaris Ze amilaxvarma glex-ebs miwa gaaTxrevina farexisTvis, sadac aRmoCnda Tixis kuboebi da WurWlis namtvrevebi. ase rom aq Zveli sasa-flao unda iyos.
sof. metexi
sof. metexSi viyaviT 26-27 seqtembers. es sofeli mde-bareobs rkinigzis sadgur `metexi~-dan samxreTiT, 2 km-is daSorebiT. soflis aRmosavleTiT, baRebSi gaSenebu-
30 31
lia `gugulaanT ubani~, sadac 1934 wels glexma ioseb giorgis Ze gziriSvilma Tavisi saxlis sardafSi gaTx-ara miwa qvevrebis Casayrelad, sadac aRmoaCina brinjaos xanis samarxi ori micvalebulis ConCxiT, romelTac Ca-tanebuli hqondaT 18 cali mucelganieri da dawvrile-bulZiriani WurWeli, `amazonis~ tipis brinjaos culi, xanjali da sardionis mZivebi. agreTve misi saxlis sa-Zirkvlis kedlis ZirSi, sardafis piras aris didi qve-biT nagebi ormo, romelic micvalebulis samarxad unda yofiliyo agebuli an religiuri ritualisTvis. ormos siRrme aRwevs daaxloebiT 1,5 metrs, xolo Ziri ganieri aqvs, _ ase rom ormo miemgvaneba konuss. zemoxsenebuli brinjaos epoqis samarxidan aRmoCenili nivTebi adgili-danve waRebuli iqna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis mecnier muSakTa mier.
ioseb gziriSvilis TqmiT, misi mezoblebi rodesac Txridnen miwas, saxlis saZirkvlis gaTxris dros isin-ic poulobdnen mZivebs da brinjaos nivTebs, romlebic Cem mier gakiTxvis dros mis mezoblebs aRar aRmo-aCndaT. glex ioseb gziriSvilis saxls CrdiloeTiT Caudis ru, `sayefaras~ saxelwodebiT cnobili, dasav-leTiT ki sazRvravs sxva glexTa Senobebi, romlebic baRebSia aSenebuli. TviT es ubani gaSenebulia `xrio-kebis~ adgilas, baRebSi.
sof. samwerisi (samwevrisi)
27 seqtembers qarelidan sof. kexijvarze gavliTgavemgzavreT sof. samweriss, sadac aris naqalaqari da Zveli eklesia, qvanaTaliT nagebi, romelzec aris war-werebi _ mrglovani xucuriT Sesrulebuli. xolo mis maxloblad, qarTuli aguriT aSenebulia mcire formis eklesia6, romlis kedlebze SerCenilia agurebi, rom-lebzec gamosaxulia RvTismSoblis, wminda giorgis da sxvaTa bareliefebi. zogierT agurze agreTve SemorCe-
6 მერაბ ფანასკერტელ-ციციშვილის საძვალე, XVI ს.
nilia qarTuli saxiani ornamentebi.
sofelSi ver gamovarkvie, yofila Tu ara aq raime aR-moCenebi, radganac mamakacebi kolmeurneobis samuSaoze iyvnen wasuli, qalebma ki uaryofiTi pasuxi gagvces. Semdeg wavedi agaraSi, saidanac gavemgzavre sof. breTSi.
sof. breTi
gzad gaviareT sof. aradeTi, sadac md. frones marjvena mxareze dRemde daculia cixe-simagre, ramdenime koSkiT. Semdeg gaviareT sof. saRolaSeni da CavediT sof. breTSi, sadac ver vnaxeT maswavlebeli vano avaliSvili, romelmac icoda sof. breTis maxlo-blad arsebuli brinjaos xanis samarxebis mdebareoba, saidanac wamoRebuli nivTebi saqarTvelos kulturis ZeglTa dacvis komitetis mier gadmoeca goris mxa-reTmcodneobis muzeums, rogorc goris raionis teri-toriaze7 aRmoCenili arqeologiuri Zeglebi. amis Semdeg gavemgzavreT sof. dvanSi, sadac aRmoCenila imave komitetis mier Cveni muzeumisTvis gadmocemuli Tixis `sadRvebeli~, brinjaos epoqisa, romelic, Cven-Tan Semosuli cnobiT, aRmoCenili iyo sof. dvanSi, `solo ferdaze~, 1938 wels gzis gafarToebis dros. es `sadRvebeli~ jer gadasces sof. taxtisZiris sasoflo sabWos Tavmjdomares, ioseb TediaSvils, man ki _ kul-turis ZeglTa dacvis komitets, romelmac a. wels ga-dmosca Cvens muzeums.
sof. dvani
sof. dvani mdebareobs frones xeobaSi, sadgur agari-dan CrdiloeTiT da daSorebulia 15 km-iT. TviT am sofels SesaniSnavi mdebareoba aqvs: igi gaSenebulia xeobaSi, dacemul adgilas, md. frones marjvena mxares, sadac daklaknilad miedineba mdinare frone, rome-
7 1939 წლიდან სოფ. ბრეთი მიაკუთვნეს ახლადშექმნილ ქარელის რაიონს.
30 31
lia `gugulaanT ubani~, sadac 1934 wels glexma ioseb giorgis Ze gziriSvilma Tavisi saxlis sardafSi gaTx-ara miwa qvevrebis Casayrelad, sadac aRmoaCina brinjaos xanis samarxi ori micvalebulis ConCxiT, romelTac Ca-tanebuli hqondaT 18 cali mucelganieri da dawvrile-bulZiriani WurWeli, `amazonis~ tipis brinjaos culi, xanjali da sardionis mZivebi. agreTve misi saxlis sa-Zirkvlis kedlis ZirSi, sardafis piras aris didi qve-biT nagebi ormo, romelic micvalebulis samarxad unda yofiliyo agebuli an religiuri ritualisTvis. ormos siRrme aRwevs daaxloebiT 1,5 metrs, xolo Ziri ganieri aqvs, _ ase rom ormo miemgvaneba konuss. zemoxsenebuli brinjaos epoqis samarxidan aRmoCenili nivTebi adgili-danve waRebuli iqna saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumis mecnier muSakTa mier.
ioseb gziriSvilis TqmiT, misi mezoblebi rodesac Txridnen miwas, saxlis saZirkvlis gaTxris dros isin-ic poulobdnen mZivebs da brinjaos nivTebs, romlebic Cem mier gakiTxvis dros mis mezoblebs aRar aRmo-aCndaT. glex ioseb gziriSvilis saxls CrdiloeTiT Caudis ru, `sayefaras~ saxelwodebiT cnobili, dasav-leTiT ki sazRvravs sxva glexTa Senobebi, romlebic baRebSia aSenebuli. TviT es ubani gaSenebulia `xrio-kebis~ adgilas, baRebSi.
sof. samwerisi (samwevrisi)
27 seqtembers qarelidan sof. kexijvarze gavliTgavemgzavreT sof. samweriss, sadac aris naqalaqari da Zveli eklesia, qvanaTaliT nagebi, romelzec aris war-werebi _ mrglovani xucuriT Sesrulebuli. xolo mis maxloblad, qarTuli aguriT aSenebulia mcire formis eklesia6, romlis kedlebze SerCenilia agurebi, rom-lebzec gamosaxulia RvTismSoblis, wminda giorgis da sxvaTa bareliefebi. zogierT agurze agreTve SemorCe-
6 მერაბ ფანასკერტელ-ციციშვილის საძვალე, XVI ს.
nilia qarTuli saxiani ornamentebi.
sofelSi ver gamovarkvie, yofila Tu ara aq raime aR-moCenebi, radganac mamakacebi kolmeurneobis samuSaoze iyvnen wasuli, qalebma ki uaryofiTi pasuxi gagvces. Semdeg wavedi agaraSi, saidanac gavemgzavre sof. breTSi.
sof. breTi
gzad gaviareT sof. aradeTi, sadac md. frones marjvena mxareze dRemde daculia cixe-simagre, ramdenime koSkiT. Semdeg gaviareT sof. saRolaSeni da CavediT sof. breTSi, sadac ver vnaxeT maswavlebeli vano avaliSvili, romelmac icoda sof. breTis maxlo-blad arsebuli brinjaos xanis samarxebis mdebareoba, saidanac wamoRebuli nivTebi saqarTvelos kulturis ZeglTa dacvis komitetis mier gadmoeca goris mxa-reTmcodneobis muzeums, rogorc goris raionis teri-toriaze7 aRmoCenili arqeologiuri Zeglebi. amis Semdeg gavemgzavreT sof. dvanSi, sadac aRmoCenila imave komitetis mier Cveni muzeumisTvis gadmocemuli Tixis `sadRvebeli~, brinjaos epoqisa, romelic, Cven-Tan Semosuli cnobiT, aRmoCenili iyo sof. dvanSi, `solo ferdaze~, 1938 wels gzis gafarToebis dros. es `sadRvebeli~ jer gadasces sof. taxtisZiris sasoflo sabWos Tavmjdomares, ioseb TediaSvils, man ki _ kul-turis ZeglTa dacvis komitets, romelmac a. wels ga-dmosca Cvens muzeums.
sof. dvani
sof. dvani mdebareobs frones xeobaSi, sadgur agari-dan CrdiloeTiT da daSorebulia 15 km-iT. TviT am sofels SesaniSnavi mdebareoba aqvs: igi gaSenebulia xeobaSi, dacemul adgilas, md. frones marjvena mxares, sadac daklaknilad miedineba mdinare frone, rome-
7 1939 წლიდან სოფ. ბრეთი მიაკუთვნეს ახლადშექმნილ ქარელის რაიონს.
32 33
lic adidebisas baRebsa da venaxebSi SeiWreba xolme da gadaedineba aqeT-iqiT, rac did zarals aZlevs sof. dvanis mcxovrebT. soflis gamoRmiT gadis saavtomobi-lo Saragza agaridan sof. avnevisaken, sadac 1937-38 ww. gzis gafarToebis dros glexebma samarxebSi ipovnes sxvadasxva nivTebi, romelTaganac zogierTi daamtvries, zogic uyuradRebod gadaagdes, zogierTma ki Seinaxa da ise, uyuradRebod miagdo saxlSi.
sof. dvanis samarxebi unda vrceldebodes did far-Tze. isini gzis marjvena da marcxena napirebze mTli-anad gasdevs e. w. ̀ solo ferdas~ sersa da miwebs. ̀ solo ferdas~ midamoSi umTavresad SegviZlia gamovyoT ori adgili: erTi adgili soflidan aRmosavleT-samxreTiT, 0,5 km-is daSorebiTaa, romelsac esazRvreba qristesi-aSvilis mamuli. samson mamagulaSvilma, misi gadmoce-miT, aq aRmoaCina samarxi, sadac micvalebulTan gverdiT dasaflavebuli iyo cxeni. micvalebulTan aRmoCnda rki-nis Subi da rkinisave xanjali, romlebic samson mama-gulaSvilma gadmomca. misi TqmiT, micvalebuls agreTve hqonda Catanebuli Savi feris Tixis WurWeli, romlebic muSebma iqve daamtvries, amoRebisTanave. agreTve imave samson ivanes Ze mamagulaSvilma gadmomca brinjaos rgolebi, ori cali: erTi momsxo farTisa da erTic ufro mcire diametrisa. brinjaos es rgolebi sadaa da uornamento. es rgolebi Catanebuli yofila micvale-bulTan, romelsac xelis mtevanTan swyobia gverdiT. es rgolebi aRmoCenilia soloferdasTanve, meore adgilas, soflidan 1 km-is daSorebiT, kaxniaSvilebis mamulTan, daRmarTSi, gzis gafarToebis dros.
agreTve saintereso eqsponats warmoadgens brinjaos sura, romelsac aqvs samyuras moyvanilobis tuCi. sura dabalyeliania, romelsac garSemo gasdevs wriuli 4 xazi, muceli ganieri da dabali aqvs. suras ar aqvs Ziri, radgan mis aRmomCens, meqvabe daTa samsonis Ze mamagul-aSvils gadadnobis mizniT sura Caugdia quraSi da roca
unaxia, rom spilenZad ar vargoda, amouRia da saxlis saxuravze Seugdia, sadac Cven SevamCnieT masTan mis-vlisas da moTxovnisTanave gadmogvca. misganve wamoviRe gaurkveveli nivTis brinjaos tari, romelsac bolo agreTve moWrili aqvs. zemoxsenebuli sura da brinjaos tari aRmoCenilia, daTa mamagulaSvilis TqmiT, mis mier, 1937 wels gzis gafarToebis dros, `solo ferdasa~ da `verxvebis miwas~ Soris, romelic mdebareobs qristesi-aSvilebis da kaxniaSvilebis miwebs Soris.
garda zemoT CamoTvlili nivTebisa, SeviZine da muze-ums gadmoveci Savad gamomwvari Tixis yuriani koWobi, romelsac motexili aqvs piri. koWobs zedapiri mopri-alebuli aqvs, xolo mucelze wriulad gasdevs daRa-ruli, patara kuwubiani, samxazovani ornamenti. koWobi aRmoCenilia 1938 wels, kaxniaSvilebis miwis maxloblad, soloferdasTan gzis gayvanis dros; aRmoaCina giorgi yaramanis Ze mamagulaSvilma.
kola iasonis Ze kopaZem muzeumisaTvis ufasod gad-mogvca Savad gamomwvari Tixis sarZeve-sawveleli da Cafi, romlebic zedapirze moprialebulia. es WurWeli aRmoCenilia `verxvebis miwas~ da `solo ferdas~ Soris, gzis piras, 1938 w. gzis gafarToebis dros. am or Wur-WelTan erTad kidev sxva qoTnebic yofila Catanebuli micvalebulTan, magram amoRebisas damtvreula. kola kopaZis TqmiT, micvalebuls TavTan edga Cafi da sarZeve, romelTa axlos elaga danarCeni micvalebulebis oTxi Tavis qala, ConCxebis gareSe. ase rom Tavisqalebi calke iyo Catanebuli micvalebulTan. maT axldaT sxvadasx-va nivTebi, romlebic glexebma daitaces aqeT-iqiT im mizniT, rom egonaT oqrosi gamodgeboda, magram roca Seityves, rom oqro ar iJangeba, gadayares aqeT-iqiT. Cven mier wamoRebuli Cafi mucelganieria, romelsac aqvs Tokiseburad gadawnuli Tixisave patara yuri. Cafi dabalyeliania, mas mucelze da yelze gasdevs garSe-mowiruli wvrili xazebi. sawveleli ki dazianebulia _ cali yuri motexili aqvs /amoRebis dros/; meore yuri
32 33
lic adidebisas baRebsa da venaxebSi SeiWreba xolme da gadaedineba aqeT-iqiT, rac did zarals aZlevs sof. dvanis mcxovrebT. soflis gamoRmiT gadis saavtomobi-lo Saragza agaridan sof. avnevisaken, sadac 1937-38 ww. gzis gafarToebis dros glexebma samarxebSi ipovnes sxvadasxva nivTebi, romelTaganac zogierTi daamtvries, zogic uyuradRebod gadaagdes, zogierTma ki Seinaxa da ise, uyuradRebod miagdo saxlSi.
sof. dvanis samarxebi unda vrceldebodes did far-Tze. isini gzis marjvena da marcxena napirebze mTli-anad gasdevs e. w. ̀ solo ferdas~ sersa da miwebs. ̀ solo ferdas~ midamoSi umTavresad SegviZlia gamovyoT ori adgili: erTi adgili soflidan aRmosavleT-samxreTiT, 0,5 km-is daSorebiTaa, romelsac esazRvreba qristesi-aSvilis mamuli. samson mamagulaSvilma, misi gadmoce-miT, aq aRmoaCina samarxi, sadac micvalebulTan gverdiT dasaflavebuli iyo cxeni. micvalebulTan aRmoCnda rki-nis Subi da rkinisave xanjali, romlebic samson mama-gulaSvilma gadmomca. misi TqmiT, micvalebuls agreTve hqonda Catanebuli Savi feris Tixis WurWeli, romlebic muSebma iqve daamtvries, amoRebisTanave. agreTve imave samson ivanes Ze mamagulaSvilma gadmomca brinjaos rgolebi, ori cali: erTi momsxo farTisa da erTic ufro mcire diametrisa. brinjaos es rgolebi sadaa da uornamento. es rgolebi Catanebuli yofila micvale-bulTan, romelsac xelis mtevanTan swyobia gverdiT. es rgolebi aRmoCenilia soloferdasTanve, meore adgilas, soflidan 1 km-is daSorebiT, kaxniaSvilebis mamulTan, daRmarTSi, gzis gafarToebis dros.
agreTve saintereso eqsponats warmoadgens brinjaos sura, romelsac aqvs samyuras moyvanilobis tuCi. sura dabalyeliania, romelsac garSemo gasdevs wriuli 4 xazi, muceli ganieri da dabali aqvs. suras ar aqvs Ziri, radgan mis aRmomCens, meqvabe daTa samsonis Ze mamagul-aSvils gadadnobis mizniT sura Caugdia quraSi da roca
unaxia, rom spilenZad ar vargoda, amouRia da saxlis saxuravze Seugdia, sadac Cven SevamCnieT masTan mis-vlisas da moTxovnisTanave gadmogvca. misganve wamoviRe gaurkveveli nivTis brinjaos tari, romelsac bolo agreTve moWrili aqvs. zemoxsenebuli sura da brinjaos tari aRmoCenilia, daTa mamagulaSvilis TqmiT, mis mier, 1937 wels gzis gafarToebis dros, `solo ferdasa~ da `verxvebis miwas~ Soris, romelic mdebareobs qristesi-aSvilebis da kaxniaSvilebis miwebs Soris.
garda zemoT CamoTvlili nivTebisa, SeviZine da muze-ums gadmoveci Savad gamomwvari Tixis yuriani koWobi, romelsac motexili aqvs piri. koWobs zedapiri mopri-alebuli aqvs, xolo mucelze wriulad gasdevs daRa-ruli, patara kuwubiani, samxazovani ornamenti. koWobi aRmoCenilia 1938 wels, kaxniaSvilebis miwis maxloblad, soloferdasTan gzis gayvanis dros; aRmoaCina giorgi yaramanis Ze mamagulaSvilma.
kola iasonis Ze kopaZem muzeumisaTvis ufasod gad-mogvca Savad gamomwvari Tixis sarZeve-sawveleli da Cafi, romlebic zedapirze moprialebulia. es WurWeli aRmoCenilia `verxvebis miwas~ da `solo ferdas~ Soris, gzis piras, 1938 w. gzis gafarToebis dros. am or Wur-WelTan erTad kidev sxva qoTnebic yofila Catanebuli micvalebulTan, magram amoRebisas damtvreula. kola kopaZis TqmiT, micvalebuls TavTan edga Cafi da sarZeve, romelTa axlos elaga danarCeni micvalebulebis oTxi Tavis qala, ConCxebis gareSe. ase rom Tavisqalebi calke iyo Catanebuli micvalebulTan. maT axldaT sxvadasx-va nivTebi, romlebic glexebma daitaces aqeT-iqiT im mizniT, rom egonaT oqrosi gamodgeboda, magram roca Seityves, rom oqro ar iJangeba, gadayares aqeT-iqiT. Cven mier wamoRebuli Cafi mucelganieria, romelsac aqvs Tokiseburad gadawnuli Tixisave patara yuri. Cafi dabalyeliania, mas mucelze da yelze gasdevs garSe-mowiruli wvrili xazebi. sawveleli ki dazianebulia _ cali yuri motexili aqvs /amoRebis dros/; meore yuri
34 35
mcire zomisaa, gamobmuli aqvs mucelTan; muceli gan-ieri aqvs, Ziri ki _ viwro; pirTan garSemo gasdevs ori wriuli xazi. zemoT aRwerili Cafi da sarZeve-sawvele-li aRmoCenilia erT samarxSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, kola iasonis Ze kopaZis mier 1938 wels. es adgili, sadac aR-moCnda dasaxelebuli nivTebi, Cven mier daTvalierebu-li da Seswavlili iqna. adgili warmoadgens metad sain-tereso sakvlev punqts, rogorc gakvriT movixsenieT Cveni aRwerilobis mokle Sesaval nawilSi. gadaudebel aucileblobas warmoadgens, rom am adgilebSi Catardes ramdenime samarxis arqeologiuri gaTxra, am uZvele-si sasaflaos samarxebis tipisa da xasiaTis winaswar gasarkvevad, rac safuZvlad unda daedos momaval did arqeologiur gaTxrebs sof. dvanSi, `solo ferdas~ brinjaos epoqis sasaflaoze.
sof. dvanSive saintereso kvlevis obieqts warmo-adgens saSualo saukuneebis `nasoflaris~ an `naqala-qaris~ adgili e. w. `JamaanT axoze~, sadac Tanamedrove, axlandeli soflis mosaxleni xvnis dros avlenen qvitkiriTa da aguriT nageb Senobebis ganier kedlebs, romelTa Sorisac xSirad Cndeba qvevrebi da WurWlis namtvrevebi. sof. dvanis mcxovrebma, Saqro yaramanis Ze mamagulaSvilma 1938 wels, miwis Txris dros ipovna Tixis jami, romelic, misi TqmiT, iyo qaSanuris /moWiquli/, saxiani, romelzec agreTve iyo ramdenime aso-niSani gamosaxuli. Saqro yaramanis Zis gadmocemiT: warwera xucuri anbaniT unda yofiliyo Sesrulebuli. misive TqmiT, aq Turme miwis gadabrunebis dros adgili hqonia Zveli, qaSanuri WurWlis namtvrevebis aRmoCenas, romlebsac uyuradRebod toveben isev adgilzeve. zemoT aRwerili nivTebi, romlebic glexebs hqondaT, gamovarTviT da gadmoveci muzeums, arqeologiuri masalebis Segrovebis mizniT, _ umTavresad, ra mizansac Seadgenda velze Cveni gamgzavreba.
sof. dvani_niqozis gza
sof. dvanidan fexiT gaviareT soloferdasken da ave-diT maRla, saidanac Cven win gadaiSala mindori, sadac cxinvalisken gamoCnda sof. dvanidan 4 km-is daSore-biT mdebare `borcvis~ saxis yorRani, romelzec das-mulia `satriangulacio wertili~. es `goraka~, rogorc mas xalxi eZaxis, aris yorRani, romlis simaRle udris daaxloebiT 2 metrs, diametri ki _ 30 metrs. yorRani mdebareobs gzis marcxniv, kargad moSorebiT. am yor-Ranidan 2km-is daSorebiT, sof. niqozisken, gzis marjvniv mdebareobs e. w. `yvavis saydari~, romelic dangreulia da, rogorc Cveni daTvalierebiT gamoirkva, xalxs ekle-sia dauSenebia zed yorRanze. ase rom es `goraka~ tipi-uri yorRanis STabeWdilebas tovebs.
sof. dgvrisi
sof. dgvrisSi, staliniri-javis Sose@# 117-Si maSosalaZis saxlis gverdiT, baRSi, misi qmari _ gabriel salaZe da Svili _ irakli, 1932 wels alizisaTvis Txridnen miwas, sadac ormoSi, daaxloebiT 1,5 metris siRrmeze aRmoCnda samarxi, sadac dasaflavebuli iyo micvalebuli, romelsac, maSo salaZis cnobiT, Cata-nebuli hqonda brinjaos culi (amazonis tipisa), xan-jali, culis taris mosarTavi brinjaos salte (orna-mentirebuli) da Savi feris Tixis WurWeli, romel-Taganac salaZeebs SerCenodaT xanjali da culis salte, romlebic me gadmomces. zemoxsenebuli samarxi warmoadgens saintereso obieqts momavali arqeologi-uri gaTxrebisaTvis da mis Sesaswavlad.
sergo ilias Ze nadimaSvili
8. 10. 1939 w.
34 35
mcire zomisaa, gamobmuli aqvs mucelTan; muceli gan-ieri aqvs, Ziri ki _ viwro; pirTan garSemo gasdevs ori wriuli xazi. zemoT aRwerili Cafi da sarZeve-sawvele-li aRmoCenilia erT samarxSi, rogorc aRvniSneT, kola iasonis Ze kopaZis mier 1938 wels. es adgili, sadac aR-moCnda dasaxelebuli nivTebi, Cven mier daTvalierebu-li da Seswavlili iqna. adgili warmoadgens metad sain-tereso sakvlev punqts, rogorc gakvriT movixsenieT Cveni aRwerilobis mokle Sesaval nawilSi. gadaudebel aucileblobas warmoadgens, rom am adgilebSi Catardes ramdenime samarxis arqeologiuri gaTxra, am uZvele-si sasaflaos samarxebis tipisa da xasiaTis winaswar gasarkvevad, rac safuZvlad unda daedos momaval did arqeologiur gaTxrebs sof. dvanSi, `solo ferdas~ brinjaos epoqis sasaflaoze.
sof. dvanSive saintereso kvlevis obieqts warmo-adgens saSualo saukuneebis `nasoflaris~ an `naqala-qaris~ adgili e. w. `JamaanT axoze~, sadac Tanamedrove, axlandeli soflis mosaxleni xvnis dros avlenen qvitkiriTa da aguriT nageb Senobebis ganier kedlebs, romelTa Sorisac xSirad Cndeba qvevrebi da WurWlis namtvrevebi. sof. dvanis mcxovrebma, Saqro yaramanis Ze mamagulaSvilma 1938 wels, miwis Txris dros ipovna Tixis jami, romelic, misi TqmiT, iyo qaSanuris /moWiquli/, saxiani, romelzec agreTve iyo ramdenime aso-niSani gamosaxuli. Saqro yaramanis Zis gadmocemiT: warwera xucuri anbaniT unda yofiliyo Sesrulebuli. misive TqmiT, aq Turme miwis gadabrunebis dros adgili hqonia Zveli, qaSanuri WurWlis namtvrevebis aRmoCenas, romlebsac uyuradRebod toveben isev adgilzeve. zemoT aRwerili nivTebi, romlebic glexebs hqondaT, gamovarTviT da gadmoveci muzeums, arqeologiuri masalebis Segrovebis mizniT, _ umTavresad, ra mizansac Seadgenda velze Cveni gamgzavreba.
sof. dvani_niqozis gza
sof. dvanidan fexiT gaviareT soloferdasken da ave-diT maRla, saidanac Cven win gadaiSala mindori, sadac cxinvalisken gamoCnda sof. dvanidan 4 km-is daSore-biT mdebare `borcvis~ saxis yorRani, romelzec das-mulia `satriangulacio wertili~. es `goraka~, rogorc mas xalxi eZaxis, aris yorRani, romlis simaRle udris daaxloebiT 2 metrs, diametri ki _ 30 metrs. yorRani mdebareobs gzis marcxniv, kargad moSorebiT. am yor-Ranidan 2km-is daSorebiT, sof. niqozisken, gzis marjvniv mdebareobs e. w. `yvavis saydari~, romelic dangreulia da, rogorc Cveni daTvalierebiT gamoirkva, xalxs ekle-sia dauSenebia zed yorRanze. ase rom es `goraka~ tipi-uri yorRanis STabeWdilebas tovebs.
sof. dgvrisi
sof. dgvrisSi, staliniri-javis Sose@# 117-Si maSosalaZis saxlis gverdiT, baRSi, misi qmari _ gabriel salaZe da Svili _ irakli, 1932 wels alizisaTvis Txridnen miwas, sadac ormoSi, daaxloebiT 1,5 metris siRrmeze aRmoCnda samarxi, sadac dasaflavebuli iyo micvalebuli, romelsac, maSo salaZis cnobiT, Cata-nebuli hqonda brinjaos culi (amazonis tipisa), xan-jali, culis taris mosarTavi brinjaos salte (orna-mentirebuli) da Savi feris Tixis WurWeli, romel-Taganac salaZeebs SerCenodaT xanjali da culis salte, romlebic me gadmomces. zemoxsenebuli samarxi warmoadgens saintereso obieqts momavali arqeologi-uri gaTxrebisaTvis da mis Sesaswavlad.
sergo ilias Ze nadimaSvili
8. 10. 1939 w.
36 37
s. i. nadimaSvili
arqeologiuri dazvervebi md. Zamis xeobasa da
nataxtar _ goris gzis mSeneblobaze
1939wlis 8 oqtombers gavemgzavre arqeologiuri Ze-glebis da aRmoCenis adgilebis dasazverad da Sesaswav-lad: nataxtar-goris gzis mSeneblobaze, staliniris da xaSuris raionebSi.
Cemi mogzaurobis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom mTel rig adgilebSi adgili aqvs arqeologiuri Zeglebisa da sa-marxebis SemTxveviT aRmoCenas, magram zogierTi adgi-lobrivi mcxovreblebis uvicobis gamo ispoba da nad-gurdeba an zogjer sruliad ikargeba aRmoCenili ar-qeologiuri masalebi da mTeli rigi saintereso obi-eqtebi. zemonaTqvami mosazreba exeba sof. Zamis (md. Zamis xeoba) brinjaos epoqis samarxebs, sadac adgilobriv glexobas, 1917-18 wlebSi gaukeTebiaT kaloebi da daur-RveviaT miwaSi gamoCenili zogierTi qvayuTi, saidanac aRmoCenili nivTebi da keramika daumtvreviaT da zogic wauR-wamouRiaT saxlebSi, sadac dauyriaT uyuradRe-bod.
md. Zamis xeoba
sof. Zama
sof. Zama mdebareobs mdinare Zamis xeobaSi: gaSenebu-lia mdinaris marcxena da marjvena mxares, mTian ferdo-bebze, ris axloc ukve iwyeba foTlovani da wiwvovani tyeebi. sofeli Zama ganlagebulia or ubnad, sadac cx-ovroben imereTidan gadmosuli glexebi. md. Zamis mar-jvena napirze mdebare ubanSi mosaxleoben cxovrebaZee-bi. es ubani maRlidan gadascqeris mdinare Zamis orive mxarezeEmWidrod gaSenebul wiflisa da muxis xeebis tanayril, xSir Walebs. cxovrebaZeebis ubnis qvemoT,
1917-18 wlebSi glexobas ubnis xalxisaTvis gaukeTebiaT xorblis gasalewi kaloebi `wisqvilis serze~, rogorc am adgils adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi uwodeben. aq, mi-wis moTxrisa da mosworebis dros, Tedo iordanes Ze cxovrebaZis TqmiT, mas da sxva glexebsac gamouCeniaT qvayuTebi, sadac micvalebulis da cxovelTa Zvlebi unaxiaT; garda micvalebulTa da saqonlis ConCxisa, iq upovniaT brinjaos rgolebi, Subebi, mZivebi _ sxvadasx-va zomis da ferisa, Tixis WurWeli, romelTa Sorisac yofila, misi aRweriT, Savi, moprialebuli zedapiris mqone, ornamentirebuli WurWelic. TviT mas upovnia brinjaos 4 cali rgoli, romelTaganac mas SerCa mxo-lod 1 cali brinjaos rgoli, romelic bolokveTili da erTmaneTzedebuli, garSemo daRaruli, mcire zomisa da kargad nawrTobia. misma mezobelma agreTve gadmom-ca meore rgoli, ufro mcire simsxosi, vidre brinjaos pirveli rgoli. es rgoli sadaa, bolomokveTili da nakluli.
zemoT aRniSnul adgilze _ `wisqvilis serze~, sof. ZamaSi saWiroa, rom Catardes, cota xniT mainc, ar-qeologiuri gaTxrebi, raTa gamoirkves am samarxebis sistemisa da drois xasiaTi, rom momavalSi aq Catardes farTo arqeologiuri gaTxrebi.
sof. saTerZe
sof. saTerZe mdebareobs sof. gverZineTidan dasavle-TiT, daaxloebiT 3 km-is daSorebiT, md. Zamis marjvena Senakadis, mdinare saTerZis xeobaSi, sadac, iseve ro-gorc sof. ZamaSi, cxovroben zemo imereTidan gadmosax-lebuli glexoba, romelTa Sorisac umetesad kurtani-Zeebis gvarisani arian.
sofelSi daculia uZvelesi eklesia, romelic nax-evrad daqceulia. soflis samxreTiT ki Semonaxulia metad saintereso eklesia, romelsac, glexebis TqmiT,
36 37
s. i. nadimaSvili
arqeologiuri dazvervebi md. Zamis xeobasa da
nataxtar _ goris gzis mSeneblobaze
1939wlis 8 oqtombers gavemgzavre arqeologiuri Ze-glebis da aRmoCenis adgilebis dasazverad da Sesaswav-lad: nataxtar-goris gzis mSeneblobaze, staliniris da xaSuris raionebSi.
Cemi mogzaurobis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom mTel rig adgilebSi adgili aqvs arqeologiuri Zeglebisa da sa-marxebis SemTxveviT aRmoCenas, magram zogierTi adgi-lobrivi mcxovreblebis uvicobis gamo ispoba da nad-gurdeba an zogjer sruliad ikargeba aRmoCenili ar-qeologiuri masalebi da mTeli rigi saintereso obi-eqtebi. zemonaTqvami mosazreba exeba sof. Zamis (md. Zamis xeoba) brinjaos epoqis samarxebs, sadac adgilobriv glexobas, 1917-18 wlebSi gaukeTebiaT kaloebi da daur-RveviaT miwaSi gamoCenili zogierTi qvayuTi, saidanac aRmoCenili nivTebi da keramika daumtvreviaT da zogic wauR-wamouRiaT saxlebSi, sadac dauyriaT uyuradRe-bod.
md. Zamis xeoba
sof. Zama
sof. Zama mdebareobs mdinare Zamis xeobaSi: gaSenebu-lia mdinaris marcxena da marjvena mxares, mTian ferdo-bebze, ris axloc ukve iwyeba foTlovani da wiwvovani tyeebi. sofeli Zama ganlagebulia or ubnad, sadac cx-ovroben imereTidan gadmosuli glexebi. md. Zamis mar-jvena napirze mdebare ubanSi mosaxleoben cxovrebaZee-bi. es ubani maRlidan gadascqeris mdinare Zamis orive mxarezeEmWidrod gaSenebul wiflisa da muxis xeebis tanayril, xSir Walebs. cxovrebaZeebis ubnis qvemoT,
1917-18 wlebSi glexobas ubnis xalxisaTvis gaukeTebiaT xorblis gasalewi kaloebi `wisqvilis serze~, rogorc am adgils adgilobrivi mcxovreblebi uwodeben. aq, mi-wis moTxrisa da mosworebis dros, Tedo iordanes Ze cxovrebaZis TqmiT, mas da sxva glexebsac gamouCeniaT qvayuTebi, sadac micvalebulis da cxovelTa Zvlebi unaxiaT; garda micvalebulTa da saqonlis ConCxisa, iq upovniaT brinjaos rgolebi, Subebi, mZivebi _ sxvadasx-va zomis da ferisa, Tixis WurWeli, romelTa Sorisac yofila, misi aRweriT, Savi, moprialebuli zedapiris mqone, ornamentirebuli WurWelic. TviT mas upovnia brinjaos 4 cali rgoli, romelTaganac mas SerCa mxo-lod 1 cali brinjaos rgoli, romelic bolokveTili da erTmaneTzedebuli, garSemo daRaruli, mcire zomisa da kargad nawrTobia. misma mezobelma agreTve gadmom-ca meore rgoli, ufro mcire simsxosi, vidre brinjaos pirveli rgoli. es rgoli sadaa, bolomokveTili da nakluli.
zemoT aRniSnul adgilze _ `wisqvilis serze~, sof. ZamaSi saWiroa, rom Catardes, cota xniT mainc, ar-qeologiuri gaTxrebi, raTa gamoirkves am samarxebis sistemisa da drois xasiaTi, rom momavalSi aq Catardes farTo arqeologiuri gaTxrebi.
sof. saTerZe
sof. saTerZe mdebareobs sof. gverZineTidan dasavle-TiT, daaxloebiT 3 km-is daSorebiT, md. Zamis marjvena Senakadis, mdinare saTerZis xeobaSi, sadac, iseve ro-gorc sof. ZamaSi, cxovroben zemo imereTidan gadmosax-lebuli glexoba, romelTa Sorisac umetesad kurtani-Zeebis gvarisani arian.
sofelSi daculia uZvelesi eklesia, romelic nax-evrad daqceulia. soflis samxreTiT ki Semonaxulia metad saintereso eklesia, romelsac, glexebis TqmiT,
38 39
dRemde SerCenia warwerebi da CuqurTmebi. glexebi mis aSenebas miaweren Tamar mefes da uwodeben `Tamaris saRtars~(!). sof. saTerZeSi, 1900 wels maSo kotes asul-ma kurtaniZem zemoaRniSnul `Tamaris saRtris~ max-loblad, `saRtris vake~-sTan iponva brinjaos culi: pirmomrgvalebuli, saSualo zomis, brtyelyuriani, ama-zonis tipiseburi, romelsac qimebi aqvs motexili. es culi gadmomca maSo kurtaniZis naxevarZmam, aleqsi kotes Ze qoqoSvilma. maSo kurtaniZis TqmiT, mwyemsi biWebi misi ymawvilobis dros xSirad poulobdnen li-Tonis iaraRebs da qoTnebs.
sof. zRuderi
sof. zRuderi mdebareobs sadgur qarelidan daax-loebiT 10 km-is daSorebiT. igi gaSenebulia mdinare Zamis marjvena napiras da mdinare Rvananas orive na-pirze. md. Zamas marjvena mxridan SeerTvis md. Rvanana. sof. zRuderidan 3 km-is daSorebiT, sof. imerxevis ze-moT ukve imerxevis xeobaa, romelic orive mxriv da-farulia xSiri tyeebiT.
sof. zRuderSi, md. Rvananas marjvena mxares, saso-flo sabWos maxloblad, glexma nikola aleqsis Ze abaevma Tavis sakuTar baRSi miwis xvnis dros, 1930 wlis gazafxulze aRmoaCina samarxis lodebi, rasac miwis gadabrunebis dros, misi TqmiT, amohyva Tixis WurWleuloba da Subi. keramika mexreebs daumtvreviaT, xolo Subi TviT nikola abaevs wamouRia saxlSi da Subis napirebi moumtvrevia, raTa gaego, risgan iyo damzadebuli es Subi, magram roca gaigo, rom misTvis gamosadegi ar iyo, mianeba Tavi da saxlSi Seinaxa, romelic Cemi iq misvlisas Zlivs aRmoaCina da gadmomca. Subi damzadebulia brinjaosagan: motexili aqvs wveti, gverdebi ki _ daWeWyili.
Cven gamovarkvieT, rom sof. zRuderis maxloblad,
maRlob adgilas, mTis zeganze, romelsac adgilobrivi mosaxleebi uwodeben `bedems~, xvnisa da Toxnis dros xSirad Cndeba xolme Tixis WurWeli da namtvrevebi, agreTve liTonis sxvadasxva nivTebi.
sof. zRuderSi aris saintereso eklesiis nangrevebi8,sadac aris bevri saintereso Zveli qarTuli ornamente-bi da xucuri warwerebi, Sesrulebuli kargad damuSave-bul qvebze.
amis Semdeg gavemzavre nataxtar-goris gzis mSeneb-lobaze.
sof. werovani
sof. werovanis maxloblad da sof. muxranTan, qsnis xidis maxloblad, sadac gzis mSeneblobaa, nataxtar_gors Soris adgili aqvs arqeologiur aRmoCenebs. muSebi Zalian xSirad pouloben Zvirfas arqeologiur nivTebs. aq aRmoCenili brinjaos nivTebi, sardionis mZivebi da Tixis ori WurWeli gadmogvces Cven. zemoT naxsenebi nivTebi aRmoCenilia 135-e piketze /TiToeul pikets So-ris manZili _ 100 metri/, qsnis xidis maxloblad, gzis mSeneblobis dros, 1,2 metris siRrmeze.
unda iTqvas, rom am adgilebSi, gzis mSeneblobis dros xSirad adgili aqvs sxvadasxva aRmoCenebs. saW-iroa Cvenma muzeumma zemoxsenebuli gzis mSeneblobis muSakebTan daikavos mWidro kavSiri da miavlinos Ta-visi TanamSromeli, raTa Seswavlili iqnes es adgile-bi da Zeglebi TviT aRmoCenis adgilas, calkeuli obi-eqtebis sworad gansazRvrisaTvis da SeswavlisaTvis.
sof. kusreTi /staliniris raioni/
sof. kusreTi mdebareobs 3 km-is daSorebiT qalaq staliniridan /yof. cxinvali/, sof. dgvrisidan Crdi-
8 ქარელის რაიონის სოფ. ზღუდერის ე. წ. ,,სამეკლესიანი ბაზილიკა" (VI-VII, XIII-XIV).
38 39
dRemde SerCenia warwerebi da CuqurTmebi. glexebi mis aSenebas miaweren Tamar mefes da uwodeben `Tamaris saRtars~(!). sof. saTerZeSi, 1900 wels maSo kotes asul-ma kurtaniZem zemoaRniSnul `Tamaris saRtris~ max-loblad, `saRtris vake~-sTan iponva brinjaos culi: pirmomrgvalebuli, saSualo zomis, brtyelyuriani, ama-zonis tipiseburi, romelsac qimebi aqvs motexili. es culi gadmomca maSo kurtaniZis naxevarZmam, aleqsi kotes Ze qoqoSvilma. maSo kurtaniZis TqmiT, mwyemsi biWebi misi ymawvilobis dros xSirad poulobdnen li-Tonis iaraRebs da qoTnebs.
sof. zRuderi
sof. zRuderi mdebareobs sadgur qarelidan daax-loebiT 10 km-is daSorebiT. igi gaSenebulia mdinare Zamis marjvena napiras da mdinare Rvananas orive na-pirze. md. Zamas marjvena mxridan SeerTvis md. Rvanana. sof. zRuderidan 3 km-is daSorebiT, sof. imerxevis ze-moT ukve imerxevis xeobaa, romelic orive mxriv da-farulia xSiri tyeebiT.
sof. zRuderSi, md. Rvananas marjvena mxares, saso-flo sabWos maxloblad, glexma nikola aleqsis Ze abaevma Tavis sakuTar baRSi miwis xvnis dros, 1930 wlis gazafxulze aRmoaCina samarxis lodebi, rasac miwis gadabrunebis dros, misi TqmiT, amohyva Tixis WurWleuloba da Subi. keramika mexreebs daumtvreviaT, xolo Subi TviT nikola abaevs wamouRia saxlSi da Subis napirebi moumtvrevia, raTa gaego, risgan iyo damzadebuli es Subi, magram roca gaigo, rom misTvis gamosadegi ar iyo, mianeba Tavi da saxlSi Seinaxa, romelic Cemi iq misvlisas Zlivs aRmoaCina da gadmomca. Subi damzadebulia brinjaosagan: motexili aqvs wveti, gverdebi ki _ daWeWyili.
Cven gamovarkvieT, rom sof. zRuderis maxloblad,
maRlob adgilas, mTis zeganze, romelsac adgilobrivi mosaxleebi uwodeben `bedems~, xvnisa da Toxnis dros xSirad Cndeba xolme Tixis WurWeli da namtvrevebi, agreTve liTonis sxvadasxva nivTebi.
sof. zRuderSi aris saintereso eklesiis nangrevebi8,sadac aris bevri saintereso Zveli qarTuli ornamente-bi da xucuri warwerebi, Sesrulebuli kargad damuSave-bul qvebze.
amis Semdeg gavemzavre nataxtar-goris gzis mSeneb-lobaze.
sof. werovani
sof. werovanis maxloblad da sof. muxranTan, qsnis xidis maxloblad, sadac gzis mSeneblobaa, nataxtar_gors Soris adgili aqvs arqeologiur aRmoCenebs. muSebi Zalian xSirad pouloben Zvirfas arqeologiur nivTebs. aq aRmoCenili brinjaos nivTebi, sardionis mZivebi da Tixis ori WurWeli gadmogvces Cven. zemoT naxsenebi nivTebi aRmoCenilia 135-e piketze /TiToeul pikets So-ris manZili _ 100 metri/, qsnis xidis maxloblad, gzis mSeneblobis dros, 1,2 metris siRrmeze.
unda iTqvas, rom am adgilebSi, gzis mSeneblobis dros xSirad adgili aqvs sxvadasxva aRmoCenebs. saW-iroa Cvenma muzeumma zemoxsenebuli gzis mSeneblobis muSakebTan daikavos mWidro kavSiri da miavlinos Ta-visi TanamSromeli, raTa Seswavlili iqnes es adgile-bi da Zeglebi TviT aRmoCenis adgilas, calkeuli obi-eqtebis sworad gansazRvrisaTvis da SeswavlisaTvis.
sof. kusreTi /staliniris raioni/
sof. kusreTi mdebareobs 3 km-is daSorebiT qalaq staliniridan /yof. cxinvali/, sof. dgvrisidan Crdi-
8 ქარელის რაიონის სოფ. ზღუდერის ე. წ. ,,სამეკლესიანი ბაზილიკა" (VI-VII, XIII-XIV).
40 41
lo-dasavleTiT, mTis zeganze.
sof. kusreTSi adgili aqvs arqeologiuri nivTebis aRmoCenas e. w. ,,sijiT kaxen~-is adgilas, rogorc am adgils uwodebs adgilobrivi glexoba. am adgilebSi glexoba mTis seridan Txrian Senobebis gasales miwas, romelic aris kirisaviT TeTri. am TeTri miwis fena-Si xSirad, Txris dros adgili aqvs qilebisa da sxva nivTebis gamoCenas, saidanac wamoRebuli Tixis WurWeli aRmoaCndaT zogierT glexs, romlebic wamoviRe da gad-moveci muzeums.
sof. dgvrisi
siko meSvildiSvilma sof. dgvrisSi, javis Soseze, Tavisi saxlis saZirkvlis gaWris dros aRmoaCina brinjaos gulsakinZebi _ 2 cali, sardionis mZivebi da brinjaos brtyeli maxvili, Txeli brinjaosagan damzadebuli, romelic gauxexia siko meSvildiSvils da gadauclia `patina~. brinjaos maxvili gamovarTvi da gadmoveci muzeums. maxvili moklea _ aklia tari. maxvils saxelurze aqvs naCvreti, orive mxareze. maxvili mWreli brinjaosia; siko meSvildiSvilis TqmiT, aRmoCenilia samarxSi.
sof. dgvrisSive, javis Sose N 117-Si mcxovrebma maSo salaZem /masTan meored misvlisas/ gadmomca mis ezoSi aRmoCenili samarxis nivTebTan erTad napovni Subiswveri, romelic mTlianad /tariTurT/ brinjaosagan aris Ca-mosxmuli. Subiswveri saSualo zomisaa. Subiswveri wa-moviRe da gadmoveci muzeums.
sof. dgvrisidan gamovemgzavre q. gors, 1939 wlis 18 oqtombers.
sergo nadimaSvili
20. X. 1939 w. q. gori.
s. i. nadimaSvili
arqeologiuri dazvervebi xaSuris da qarelis raionebSi
1939 wlis 22 oqtombers gavemgzavre arqeologiur dazvervaze: xaSurisa da qarelis raionebSi. Cven jer gavemgzavreT q. xaSurisaken, radganac muzeumSi Semosu-li cnobiT, sof. zemo osiauris sasoflo sabWoSi Sema-val sof. patara axalsofelSi adgili hqonia arqeolo-giur aRmoCenebs.
sof. zemo osiauri
sof. zemo osiauri daSorebulia q. xaSuridan 2km-is manZiliT, aRmosavleTiT. sasoflo sabWo moTavsebulia orsarTulian, Tavad veziriSvilis yofil saxlSi, sad-ac agreTve aris soflis arasruli saSualo skola da sof. zemo osiauris kolmeurneoba.
soflis arasruli saSualo skolis samaswavleblo nawilis gamgis, istoriis maswavlebel levan vladime-ris Ze CerqeziSvilis gadmocemiT, sof. zemo osiauris maxloblad, sof. patara axalsofelSi, soflis skolis gverdiT, 1938 wels glexi giorgi pavles Ze gelaSvili axali saxlis asaSeneblad mozomil farTSi awarmoebda saZirkvlis gaWras, sadac waawyda samarxebs, saidanac aRmoCenili nivTebidan man sof. zemo osiauris skolis maswavlebels, levan vladimeris Ze CerqeziSvils gadas-ca Tixis 6 cali patara zomis WurWeli, romelTaganac levan CerqeziSvilma gadmomca Tixis 3 cali sura-Win-Wila: pirveli _ patara zomis sura, ganiermucliani da dabalyeliani, Savad gamomwvari Tixisagan damzadebuli, romelsac zedapiri dafaruli aqvs kirqviT; meore _ sa-Sualoze mozrdili zomis sura, igive formisa da moy-vanilobisa, zedapiri dafarulia igive Semadgenlobis nivTierebiT; mesame _ WinWila, patara, momcro zomisa,
40 41
lo-dasavleTiT, mTis zeganze.
sof. kusreTSi adgili aqvs arqeologiuri nivTebis aRmoCenas e. w. ,,sijiT kaxen~-is adgilas, rogorc am adgils uwodebs adgilobrivi glexoba. am adgilebSi glexoba mTis seridan Txrian Senobebis gasales miwas, romelic aris kirisaviT TeTri. am TeTri miwis fena-Si xSirad, Txris dros adgili aqvs qilebisa da sxva nivTebis gamoCenas, saidanac wamoRebuli Tixis WurWeli aRmoaCndaT zogierT glexs, romlebic wamoviRe da gad-moveci muzeums.
sof. dgvrisi
siko meSvildiSvilma sof. dgvrisSi, javis Soseze, Tavisi saxlis saZirkvlis gaWris dros aRmoaCina brinjaos gulsakinZebi _ 2 cali, sardionis mZivebi da brinjaos brtyeli maxvili, Txeli brinjaosagan damzadebuli, romelic gauxexia siko meSvildiSvils da gadauclia `patina~. brinjaos maxvili gamovarTvi da gadmoveci muzeums. maxvili moklea _ aklia tari. maxvils saxelurze aqvs naCvreti, orive mxareze. maxvili mWreli brinjaosia; siko meSvildiSvilis TqmiT, aRmoCenilia samarxSi.
sof. dgvrisSive, javis Sose N 117-Si mcxovrebma maSo salaZem /masTan meored misvlisas/ gadmomca mis ezoSi aRmoCenili samarxis nivTebTan erTad napovni Subiswveri, romelic mTlianad /tariTurT/ brinjaosagan aris Ca-mosxmuli. Subiswveri saSualo zomisaa. Subiswveri wa-moviRe da gadmoveci muzeums.
sof. dgvrisidan gamovemgzavre q. gors, 1939 wlis 18 oqtombers.
sergo nadimaSvili
20. X. 1939 w. q. gori.
s. i. nadimaSvili
arqeologiuri dazvervebi xaSuris da qarelis raionebSi
1939 wlis 22 oqtombers gavemgzavre arqeologiur dazvervaze: xaSurisa da qarelis raionebSi. Cven jer gavemgzavreT q. xaSurisaken, radganac muzeumSi Semosu-li cnobiT, sof. zemo osiauris sasoflo sabWoSi Sema-val sof. patara axalsofelSi adgili hqonia arqeolo-giur aRmoCenebs.
sof. zemo osiauri
sof. zemo osiauri daSorebulia q. xaSuridan 2km-is manZiliT, aRmosavleTiT. sasoflo sabWo moTavsebulia orsarTulian, Tavad veziriSvilis yofil saxlSi, sad-ac agreTve aris soflis arasruli saSualo skola da sof. zemo osiauris kolmeurneoba.
soflis arasruli saSualo skolis samaswavleblo nawilis gamgis, istoriis maswavlebel levan vladime-ris Ze CerqeziSvilis gadmocemiT, sof. zemo osiauris maxloblad, sof. patara axalsofelSi, soflis skolis gverdiT, 1938 wels glexi giorgi pavles Ze gelaSvili axali saxlis asaSeneblad mozomil farTSi awarmoebda saZirkvlis gaWras, sadac waawyda samarxebs, saidanac aRmoCenili nivTebidan man sof. zemo osiauris skolis maswavlebels, levan vladimeris Ze CerqeziSvils gadas-ca Tixis 6 cali patara zomis WurWeli, romelTaganac levan CerqeziSvilma gadmomca Tixis 3 cali sura-Win-Wila: pirveli _ patara zomis sura, ganiermucliani da dabalyeliani, Savad gamomwvari Tixisagan damzadebuli, romelsac zedapiri dafaruli aqvs kirqviT; meore _ sa-Sualoze mozrdili zomis sura, igive formisa da moy-vanilobisa, zedapiri dafarulia igive Semadgenlobis nivTierebiT; mesame _ WinWila, patara, momcro zomisa,
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yviTeli Tixisagan damzadebuli, romelsac yeli da yuri motexili aqvs.
maswavlebel levan CerqeziSvilis TqmiT, glex gior-gi pavles Zes upovnia sxva nivTebic, romlebic gadauma-lia da ar miucia CerqeziSvilisTvis, aRmoCenis adgi-las misi misvlis dros. levan CerqeziSvilis gadmoce-miT, man naxa samarxebSi dasaflavebuli micvalebule-bi, romelTac ar aRmoaCndaT araviTari sxva danarCeni nivTebi, garda gelaSvilis mier amoRebuli, zemoaRwer-ili WurWelisa. levan CerqeziSvilis TqmiT, micvale-bulebi dasaflavebuli iyvnen gverdze, mokrunCxulad mwolareni, saxiT CrdiloeTisaken mipyrobili. micvale-bulebi qvayuTebSi yofilan dasaflavebul-moTavsebuli, rogorc maswavlebelma levan CerqeziSvilma agviwera _ kvadratuli formis qvayuTebSi. ase rom es samarxebi uZvelesi xanis unda yofiliyo, rasac amtkicebs TviT samarxebSi aRmoCenili Tixis surebic, romlebic daax-loebiT Cvens welTaRricxvamde IV-II ss. unda iyos.
cudi amindis gamo SesaZlebloba ar gvqonda, rom maswavlebel levan CerqeziSvilTan erTad wavsuli-yaviT sof. patara axalsofelSi, rom dagveTvalierebina aRmoCenis adgili da gvenaxa dasakiTxad TviT glexi gi-orgi gelaSvili, radgan gvainteresebda TviT aRmoCenis adgilis gacnoba da SeiZleba kidev mogveZia samarxebSi SemTxveviT napovni nivTebi, rac interesmoklebuli ar iqneboda CvenTvis da mecnierebisaTvis, magram wvimis gamo Cven xaSurSi davbrundiT da iqidan gavediT md. mtkvris meore mxareze, sadac ufro simSrale iyo da talaxi ar Segvawuxebda fexiT siarulis dros.
sof. zemo osiaurSi daculia jvriseburi formis kom-binirebuli cixe-simagre, romelic 4 cali koSkisagan Sedgeba, rac cixes gegmaSi jvris saxes aZlevs. maswav-lebel levan CerqeziSvilis cnobiT, es cixe-koSki aSen-ebuli yofila mefe erekle II-is mier, romlis drosac qvaze gaukeTebiaT warwera _ cixis aSenebis TariRisa.
es qva, roca cixe dazianebula da ori sarTuli moux-sniaT glexobas, maSin erT-erT glexs wauRia saxlSi Sesanaxad, magram ramdenime wlis winaT sofelSi Tbili-sidan Camosula mecnier muSaki, romelsac qva sofli-dan wauRia Tbilisis muzeumSi, _ ramdenad simarTles Seefereba es cnoba, Cven ara viciT ra. imave CerqeziSvi-lis TqmiT, Tavadi veziriSvilebi osmaleTidan wamosu-li qarTvelebi yofilan, romelnic isev dasaxlebulan saqarTveloSi, saxeldobr sof. zemo osiaurSi, sadac didZal mamulebs dahpatronebulan da SeZlebul Tav-adebadac iTvlebodnen zemo qarTlSi.
sof. patara xalebi
sof. patara xalebi mdebareobs md. mtkvris marjvena mxares, daaxloebiT 3 km-is daSorebiT q. xaSuridan. sofel patara da did xalebSi dasaxlebuli arian imereTidan gadmosaxlebuli glexebi. sof. patara xalebSi, `Relis miwaSi~ xvnis dros, glexma giguca lursmanaSvilma naxnavSi aRmoaCina brinjaos zodi, prizmatul-pirami-daluri moyvanilobisa. iqve, daaxloebiT 10 metris daSorebiT, aRmoCnda salesi an sawoni qva: riyis qvisa, mrgvali moyvanilobis, cotaTi brtyeli cal gverdze, Savi feris. es qva napovnia cota daRrmavebul adgilas, `Relis miwaSi~.
sof. patara xalebidan Cven davbrundiT ukan, isev q. xaSurisaken da wavediT qarelSi, saidanac gaveSureT sof. gverZineTs da CamovediT sof. orTubanSi.
sof. orTubani
sof. orTubani mdebareobs md. Zamis xeobaSi, sof. gverZineTidan daSorebulia 3,5 km-is manZilze qarelis mimarTulebisken. Sig sofelSi Camodis wyaro, sadac gaSenebulia soflis erT-erTi ubani, romelsac soflis mcxovrebni uwodeben: `Waobis ubans~, radganac mTis
42 43
yviTeli Tixisagan damzadebuli, romelsac yeli da yuri motexili aqvs.
maswavlebel levan CerqeziSvilis TqmiT, glex gior-gi pavles Zes upovnia sxva nivTebic, romlebic gadauma-lia da ar miucia CerqeziSvilisTvis, aRmoCenis adgi-las misi misvlis dros. levan CerqeziSvilis gadmoce-miT, man naxa samarxebSi dasaflavebuli micvalebule-bi, romelTac ar aRmoaCndaT araviTari sxva danarCeni nivTebi, garda gelaSvilis mier amoRebuli, zemoaRwer-ili WurWelisa. levan CerqeziSvilis TqmiT, micvale-bulebi dasaflavebuli iyvnen gverdze, mokrunCxulad mwolareni, saxiT CrdiloeTisaken mipyrobili. micvale-bulebi qvayuTebSi yofilan dasaflavebul-moTavsebuli, rogorc maswavlebelma levan CerqeziSvilma agviwera _ kvadratuli formis qvayuTebSi. ase rom es samarxebi uZvelesi xanis unda yofiliyo, rasac amtkicebs TviT samarxebSi aRmoCenili Tixis surebic, romlebic daax-loebiT Cvens welTaRricxvamde IV-II ss. unda iyos.
cudi amindis gamo SesaZlebloba ar gvqonda, rom maswavlebel levan CerqeziSvilTan erTad wavsuli-yaviT sof. patara axalsofelSi, rom dagveTvalierebina aRmoCenis adgili da gvenaxa dasakiTxad TviT glexi gi-orgi gelaSvili, radgan gvainteresebda TviT aRmoCenis adgilis gacnoba da SeiZleba kidev mogveZia samarxebSi SemTxveviT napovni nivTebi, rac interesmoklebuli ar iqneboda CvenTvis da mecnierebisaTvis, magram wvimis gamo Cven xaSurSi davbrundiT da iqidan gavediT md. mtkvris meore mxareze, sadac ufro simSrale iyo da talaxi ar Segvawuxebda fexiT siarulis dros.
sof. zemo osiaurSi daculia jvriseburi formis kom-binirebuli cixe-simagre, romelic 4 cali koSkisagan Sedgeba, rac cixes gegmaSi jvris saxes aZlevs. maswav-lebel levan CerqeziSvilis cnobiT, es cixe-koSki aSen-ebuli yofila mefe erekle II-is mier, romlis drosac qvaze gaukeTebiaT warwera _ cixis aSenebis TariRisa.
es qva, roca cixe dazianebula da ori sarTuli moux-sniaT glexobas, maSin erT-erT glexs wauRia saxlSi Sesanaxad, magram ramdenime wlis winaT sofelSi Tbili-sidan Camosula mecnier muSaki, romelsac qva sofli-dan wauRia Tbilisis muzeumSi, _ ramdenad simarTles Seefereba es cnoba, Cven ara viciT ra. imave CerqeziSvi-lis TqmiT, Tavadi veziriSvilebi osmaleTidan wamosu-li qarTvelebi yofilan, romelnic isev dasaxlebulan saqarTveloSi, saxeldobr sof. zemo osiaurSi, sadac didZal mamulebs dahpatronebulan da SeZlebul Tav-adebadac iTvlebodnen zemo qarTlSi.
sof. patara xalebi
sof. patara xalebi mdebareobs md. mtkvris marjvena mxares, daaxloebiT 3 km-is daSorebiT q. xaSuridan. sofel patara da did xalebSi dasaxlebuli arian imereTidan gadmosaxlebuli glexebi. sof. patara xalebSi, `Relis miwaSi~ xvnis dros, glexma giguca lursmanaSvilma naxnavSi aRmoaCina brinjaos zodi, prizmatul-pirami-daluri moyvanilobisa. iqve, daaxloebiT 10 metris daSorebiT, aRmoCnda salesi an sawoni qva: riyis qvisa, mrgvali moyvanilobis, cotaTi brtyeli cal gverdze, Savi feris. es qva napovnia cota daRrmavebul adgilas, `Relis miwaSi~.
sof. patara xalebidan Cven davbrundiT ukan, isev q. xaSurisaken da wavediT qarelSi, saidanac gaveSureT sof. gverZineTs da CamovediT sof. orTubanSi.
sof. orTubani
sof. orTubani mdebareobs md. Zamis xeobaSi, sof. gverZineTidan daSorebulia 3,5 km-is manZilze qarelis mimarTulebisken. Sig sofelSi Camodis wyaro, sadac gaSenebulia soflis erT-erTi ubani, romelsac soflis mcxovrebni uwodeben: `Waobis ubans~, radganac mTis
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ferdis Zirasaa gaSenebuli es ubani da wvimebis Semdeg damdgari wyalisagan marTlac Waobdeba xolme. wylis kalapotSi niaRvrebis Semdeg, glexebis TqmiT, xSirad Cndeba xolme mZivebi da brinjaos samkauli, magaliTad: gasul, 1938 wlis gazafxulze sof. orTubanis mcxovrebma, kolmeurne nadeJda dianozis asulma farastaevma ipovna brinjaos verZis mcire qandakeba, romelic sakulto daniSnulebis unda iyos. verZis es mcire qandakeba gake-Tebulia specialurad tansacmelze dasakidad.
sof. wiTelsoflis kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris-gan agreTve gavigeT, rom sof. orTubanSi 1937 wels erT-erT glexs upovnia Tixis qila fulebis ganZiT, saidanac ramdenime cali zemoT naxseneb soflis kol-meurneobis Tavmjdomares wauRia qarelSi da gadaucia satyeo mrewvelobis trestis direqtorisaTvis, raTa mas TbilisSi gaego fulis moWris dro da liTonis Semad-genloba.
Cven agreTve SevityeT, rom qarelis raionSi, sof. Wan-drebSi 1939 wlis gazafxulze upovniaT samarxi: mind-vrad miwis xvnis dros, saidanac kolmeurneobis wevrebs wauRiaT brinjaos iaraRebi.
sasurvelia, zemoxsenebul or ukanasknel, axal adg-ilebSi gamgzavnoT dasazverad da Sesaswavlad, ori dRiT mainc, radganac SeiZleba daikargos metad saint-ereso arqeologiuri eqsponatebi da masalebi.
s. i. nadimaSvili
1939 weli, 28. X.
s. i. nadimaSvili
arqeologiuri dazvervebi mdinareebis: mejudis, xurvaleTis, berSoulas da
arceulas xeobebSi
(1943 wlis arqeolgiur ZiebaTa Sedegebi)
Tanaxmad goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis arqeologiuri ganyofilebis gegmiT gaTvalis-winebuli samuSaos Catarebisa, mivlenili viyavi mejudis xeobis da mis maxlobel dasaxlebul adgilebSi arqeo-logiuri kvleva-Ziebisa da ucnobi Zeglebis Sesaswav-lad. mivlinebis vada ganisazRvreboda 1943 wlis 14 noem-bridan 24 noembramde, magram muSaobis gamo davyaviT 25 noembramde.
samuSao gegmiT da Cvens xelT arsebuli cnobebis mixedviT, gvsurda Cveni mivlinebis marSruti yofili-yo Semdegnairi: q. goridan unda memgzavra avtomanqa-niT TviT sof. mejvrisxevamde, xolo iqidan damewyo md. mejudis xeobis zemo welSi da mis axlomdebare dasax-lebul adgilebSi arqeologiuri aRmoCenebisa da Ze-glebis gamomJRavneba.
sof. xelTubanTan miaxloebisas SemTxveviT avtomanqa-na moiSala, ris gamoc, didi lodinis Semdeg, SevcvaleT Cveni ganzraxuli marSruti da daviwyeT mdinare mej-udis qvemo welis marcxena mxares mdebare adgilebis Seswavla. Cveni kvlevis pirvel dasaxlebul punqts warmoadgenda sof. xelTubani, sadac RamiT davrCiT da meore dRes movaxdineT arqeologiuri dazverva da Ze-glebis Seswavla.
sof. xelTubani
sof. xelTubani mdebareobs qalaq goridan Crdi-lo-aRmosavleTiT da daSorebulia 5 km-is manZiliT.
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ferdis Zirasaa gaSenebuli es ubani da wvimebis Semdeg damdgari wyalisagan marTlac Waobdeba xolme. wylis kalapotSi niaRvrebis Semdeg, glexebis TqmiT, xSirad Cndeba xolme mZivebi da brinjaos samkauli, magaliTad: gasul, 1938 wlis gazafxulze sof. orTubanis mcxovrebma, kolmeurne nadeJda dianozis asulma farastaevma ipovna brinjaos verZis mcire qandakeba, romelic sakulto daniSnulebis unda iyos. verZis es mcire qandakeba gake-Tebulia specialurad tansacmelze dasakidad.
sof. wiTelsoflis kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris-gan agreTve gavigeT, rom sof. orTubanSi 1937 wels erT-erT glexs upovnia Tixis qila fulebis ganZiT, saidanac ramdenime cali zemoT naxseneb soflis kol-meurneobis Tavmjdomares wauRia qarelSi da gadaucia satyeo mrewvelobis trestis direqtorisaTvis, raTa mas TbilisSi gaego fulis moWris dro da liTonis Semad-genloba.
Cven agreTve SevityeT, rom qarelis raionSi, sof. Wan-drebSi 1939 wlis gazafxulze upovniaT samarxi: mind-vrad miwis xvnis dros, saidanac kolmeurneobis wevrebs wauRiaT brinjaos iaraRebi.
sasurvelia, zemoxsenebul or ukanasknel, axal adg-ilebSi gamgzavnoT dasazverad da Sesaswavlad, ori dRiT mainc, radganac SeiZleba daikargos metad saint-ereso arqeologiuri eqsponatebi da masalebi.
s. i. nadimaSvili
1939 weli, 28. X.
s. i. nadimaSvili
arqeologiuri dazvervebi mdinareebis: mejudis, xurvaleTis, berSoulas da
arceulas xeobebSi
(1943 wlis arqeolgiur ZiebaTa Sedegebi)
Tanaxmad goris saxelmwifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis arqeologiuri ganyofilebis gegmiT gaTvalis-winebuli samuSaos Catarebisa, mivlenili viyavi mejudis xeobis da mis maxlobel dasaxlebul adgilebSi arqeo-logiuri kvleva-Ziebisa da ucnobi Zeglebis Sesaswav-lad. mivlinebis vada ganisazRvreboda 1943 wlis 14 noem-bridan 24 noembramde, magram muSaobis gamo davyaviT 25 noembramde.
samuSao gegmiT da Cvens xelT arsebuli cnobebis mixedviT, gvsurda Cveni mivlinebis marSruti yofili-yo Semdegnairi: q. goridan unda memgzavra avtomanqa-niT TviT sof. mejvrisxevamde, xolo iqidan damewyo md. mejudis xeobis zemo welSi da mis axlomdebare dasax-lebul adgilebSi arqeologiuri aRmoCenebisa da Ze-glebis gamomJRavneba.
sof. xelTubanTan miaxloebisas SemTxveviT avtomanqa-na moiSala, ris gamoc, didi lodinis Semdeg, SevcvaleT Cveni ganzraxuli marSruti da daviwyeT mdinare mej-udis qvemo welis marcxena mxares mdebare adgilebis Seswavla. Cveni kvlevis pirvel dasaxlebul punqts warmoadgenda sof. xelTubani, sadac RamiT davrCiT da meore dRes movaxdineT arqeologiuri dazverva da Ze-glebis Seswavla.
sof. xelTubani
sof. xelTubani mdebareobs qalaq goridan Crdi-lo-aRmosavleTiT da daSorebulia 5 km-is manZiliT.
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soflis saxelwodeba warmoSobili unda iyos misi far-Tis sipatarivis an mosaxleobis simciris gamo, anda rogorc q. gorTan axlomdebare sofels aRniSnavdes: iqve myofi `xelT _ ubani~.
am sofelSi cxovrobda didi qarTveli poetis da mwerlis vaJa-fSavelas Zma, pedagogi da amave dros qar-Tuli zepirsityvierebis Camweri da Semgrovebeli Tedo razikaSvili, romelTanac dasasveneblad xSirad Cadio-da xelTubanSi didi mgosani. amJamad sof. xelTubanSi Tedo razikaSvilis ojaxidan cxovrobs misi meuRle da mefutkred muSaobs kolmeurneobis safutkreSi.
glexebisgan, Zveli cnobebiT, Cven vicodiT, rom xel-TubanSi, soflis maxloblad, or adgilas aris amaRle-buli adgilebi, romlebsac aq mcxovreblebi uwodeben: `Tamar mefis cxenis natalaxevs~ an `Tamar mefis cxenis nafexurebs~. aseTive amaRlebuli `borcobi~, rogorc glexebi xSirad uwodeben yorRanul samarxebs maTi garegani formis gamo, winaswari cnobebiT meguleboda sofel sveneTis maxlobladac. glexebis ganmatebiT, si-tyva `sveneTi~ unda warmosdgebodes aq _ `Tamar mefis dasvenebisgan~, maTive TqmiT: `goris cixeSi xelTubni-dan gayvanili iyo wyaro Tamar mefis mier; radganac Tbili da kargi adgilebi iyo, xelTubani da sveneTic iman gaaSena~. wyaros gamoyvana da xelTuban-sveneTis gaSeneba marTlac Tamar mefes ekuTvnis Tu ara, da-dasturebiT ar viciT, magram am adgilebSi uZvelesi mosaxleobis binadrobis kvali rom aris, es Cans aq arsebuli yorRanuli samarxebiT, romlebsac araviTari kavSiri ar aqvT mosaxleobis mier SeTxzul, hiperbo-laqmnil saxelwodebasTan da mosazrebasTan, viTom es _ `amaRlebuli gorakebi Tamar mefis cxenis fexis nat-alaxevi an nafexuria~.
Cveni dazvervis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom soflis gana-piras, aRmosavleTiT, baRebSi, `qarTveliaanT~ iqiT, vara gagniZis axlad gaSenebul venaxSi mdebareobs sxva yor-
RanebTan SedarebiT saSualo zomis yorRani, romelic CrdiloeT mxares gadauTxriaT da daudablebiaT, daax-loebiT ramdenime barispirze, sadac gauSenebiaT venaxi. yorRanis mdebareobis gamorkvevisa da zomis gansaz-Rvris dros, misi daTvalierebisas, sadac vazia gaS-enebuli, vipoveT obsidianis ramdenime cali anatkeci da daumuSavebeli namtvrevebi. yorRanis bolos, dasav-leT-samxreTiT gadis sarwyavi ru, romelsac dauxra-mavs TviT yorRani, ris Sedegadac Cans riyis qvebis wyoba da TviT yorRanis yore. yorRanis meore naxe-vari samxreT-dasavleTiT dayamirebulia da yorRanis damuSavebuli nawilisgan isazRvreba mcenareuli RobiT, romelic Suaze hyofs yorRans, Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki vara gagniZis damuSavebuli venaxi esazRvreba, aRmosav-leTiT _ sof. axalsoflisaken mimavali gza. TviT vara gagniZis venaxs Crdilo-aRmosavleT mxares emijneba le-qsa gagniZis da SioSvilis venaxebi.
vara gagniZis venaxSi mdebare yorRanidan daaxloe-biT 300 metris daSorebiT, CrdiloeT mxareze aris `na-farexlebis miwaSi~ gaSenebuli seifaSvilebis baRi, ro-melsac Tavze esazRvreba kargad mozrdili, didi zomis yorRani, romlis simaRle daaxloebiT unda udrides 3 metrs, diametri ki _ 40 metrs. yorRani nagebia riyis qvebisagan da zedapirze dayamirebulia, sadac izrdeba monacrisfro `cocxis balaxi~, romelsac zog adgileb-Si agreTve xmaroben CrCilis sawinaaRmdegod. zedapirze yorRani aqa-iq naTxaria, rac, glexebis damowmebiT, miu-TiTebs, rom aqedan soflis mcxovreblebs gauzidiaT riyis qvebi saxlebis mSeneblobisTvis.
pepa seifaSvilisgan gamovarkvie, rom, rogorc saSen masalad da aseve baRis gasaganiereblad, iosebs da mis Svils, wyaloba seifaSvilebs gadauTxriaT yorRani garSemo da gauzidiaT qvebi. aseTi samuSaos Catarebi-sas, wyaloba iosebis Ze seifaSvils qvebis Txrisas yor-Ranis Crdilo mxaris napirze, 1 metris siRrmis doneze upovnia Tixis patara urna, romelic rusiko da pepa
46 47
soflis saxelwodeba warmoSobili unda iyos misi far-Tis sipatarivis an mosaxleobis simciris gamo, anda rogorc q. gorTan axlomdebare sofels aRniSnavdes: iqve myofi `xelT _ ubani~.
am sofelSi cxovrobda didi qarTveli poetis da mwerlis vaJa-fSavelas Zma, pedagogi da amave dros qar-Tuli zepirsityvierebis Camweri da Semgrovebeli Tedo razikaSvili, romelTanac dasasveneblad xSirad Cadio-da xelTubanSi didi mgosani. amJamad sof. xelTubanSi Tedo razikaSvilis ojaxidan cxovrobs misi meuRle da mefutkred muSaobs kolmeurneobis safutkreSi.
glexebisgan, Zveli cnobebiT, Cven vicodiT, rom xel-TubanSi, soflis maxloblad, or adgilas aris amaRle-buli adgilebi, romlebsac aq mcxovreblebi uwodeben: `Tamar mefis cxenis natalaxevs~ an `Tamar mefis cxenis nafexurebs~. aseTive amaRlebuli `borcobi~, rogorc glexebi xSirad uwodeben yorRanul samarxebs maTi garegani formis gamo, winaswari cnobebiT meguleboda sofel sveneTis maxlobladac. glexebis ganmatebiT, si-tyva `sveneTi~ unda warmosdgebodes aq _ `Tamar mefis dasvenebisgan~, maTive TqmiT: `goris cixeSi xelTubni-dan gayvanili iyo wyaro Tamar mefis mier; radganac Tbili da kargi adgilebi iyo, xelTubani da sveneTic iman gaaSena~. wyaros gamoyvana da xelTuban-sveneTis gaSeneba marTlac Tamar mefes ekuTvnis Tu ara, da-dasturebiT ar viciT, magram am adgilebSi uZvelesi mosaxleobis binadrobis kvali rom aris, es Cans aq arsebuli yorRanuli samarxebiT, romlebsac araviTari kavSiri ar aqvT mosaxleobis mier SeTxzul, hiperbo-laqmnil saxelwodebasTan da mosazrebasTan, viTom es _ `amaRlebuli gorakebi Tamar mefis cxenis fexis nat-alaxevi an nafexuria~.
Cveni dazvervis Sedegad gamoirkva, rom soflis gana-piras, aRmosavleTiT, baRebSi, `qarTveliaanT~ iqiT, vara gagniZis axlad gaSenebul venaxSi mdebareobs sxva yor-
RanebTan SedarebiT saSualo zomis yorRani, romelic CrdiloeT mxares gadauTxriaT da daudablebiaT, daax-loebiT ramdenime barispirze, sadac gauSenebiaT venaxi. yorRanis mdebareobis gamorkvevisa da zomis gansaz-Rvris dros, misi daTvalierebisas, sadac vazia gaS-enebuli, vipoveT obsidianis ramdenime cali anatkeci da daumuSavebeli namtvrevebi. yorRanis bolos, dasav-leT-samxreTiT gadis sarwyavi ru, romelsac dauxra-mavs TviT yorRani, ris Sedegadac Cans riyis qvebis wyoba da TviT yorRanis yore. yorRanis meore naxe-vari samxreT-dasavleTiT dayamirebulia da yorRanis damuSavebuli nawilisgan isazRvreba mcenareuli RobiT, romelic Suaze hyofs yorRans, Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki vara gagniZis damuSavebuli venaxi esazRvreba, aRmosav-leTiT _ sof. axalsoflisaken mimavali gza. TviT vara gagniZis venaxs Crdilo-aRmosavleT mxares emijneba le-qsa gagniZis da SioSvilis venaxebi.
vara gagniZis venaxSi mdebare yorRanidan daaxloe-biT 300 metris daSorebiT, CrdiloeT mxareze aris `na-farexlebis miwaSi~ gaSenebuli seifaSvilebis baRi, ro-melsac Tavze esazRvreba kargad mozrdili, didi zomis yorRani, romlis simaRle daaxloebiT unda udrides 3 metrs, diametri ki _ 40 metrs. yorRani nagebia riyis qvebisagan da zedapirze dayamirebulia, sadac izrdeba monacrisfro `cocxis balaxi~, romelsac zog adgileb-Si agreTve xmaroben CrCilis sawinaaRmdegod. zedapirze yorRani aqa-iq naTxaria, rac, glexebis damowmebiT, miu-TiTebs, rom aqedan soflis mcxovreblebs gauzidiaT riyis qvebi saxlebis mSeneblobisTvis.
pepa seifaSvilisgan gamovarkvie, rom, rogorc saSen masalad da aseve baRis gasaganiereblad, iosebs da mis Svils, wyaloba seifaSvilebs gadauTxriaT yorRani garSemo da gauzidiaT qvebi. aseTi samuSaos Catarebi-sas, wyaloba iosebis Ze seifaSvils qvebis Txrisas yor-Ranis Crdilo mxaris napirze, 1 metris siRrmis doneze upovnia Tixis patara urna, romelic rusiko da pepa
48 49
seifaSvilebis TqmiT, _ `savse iyo sardionis sxvadasxva mZivebiT da nacrisa da damwvari Zvlebis nawilebiT~. unda SevniSnoT, rom urnaSi moTavsebuli micvalebu-lis ferfli maT miuCneviaT nacrad da damwvari Zvlebi rom unaxavT, qila daumtvreviaT, xolo mZivebi _ yve-la wamouRiaT da gaunawilebiaT: nawili erT Zmiscols wauRia, meore nawili TviTve dautovebia, saidanac ram-denime cali saCuqrad miucia disTvis, sirana xuroS-vilisTvis, romelic gaTxovilia sof. did xurvaleTSi, vano xuroSvilze. sof. did xurvaleTSi roca gadave-diT sirana xuroSvilTan mZivebis gamosarTmevad, maT gadmogvces mxolod erTi patara mZivi. bevri Zebnis Sem-deg gamoirkva, rom _ bavSvebs daukargavT da Tu vipov-eT, muzeums gadmovcemTo.
seifaSvilebis ojaxidan wamoviRe Svidi, sxvadasxva zomis, cilindruli da bikonuri formis, kargad gapri-alebuli da damuSavebuli sardionis mZivebi, mRvrie Rvinisferisa, romlebic Tavisi SexedulebiT da for-miT warmoCindeba, rogorc erT-erTi xelosnobis nimuSi qarTlis teritoriidan.
mesame yorRani _ `goraka~ gvxvdeba seifaSvilebis baRis `goraki~-dan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, darCiaSvi-lis yofil saxnav miwaSi. es miwa, sadac axla patara yorRania, uyidiaT aleqsa da leqso gagniZeebs, romel-Tac `goraki~ daudablebiaT da gadauxvniaT zedapirze. amJamad am yorRanis miwa moyolilia kolmeurneobis farTobSi. yorRanis simaRlea 1 metri, diametri ki _ 20 m.
meoTxe yorRani mdebareobs `zeianebSi~ /saxnavi mi-wis saxelia/, mesame yorRanis gaswvriv, mindorSi, sei-faSvilebis yorRanis gaswvriv _ perpendikularulad, Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. es yorRani Tavisi moculobiT yvelaze didia da simaRliTac aRemateba aq arsebul sxva yorRanebs. yorRanis simaRle daaxloebiT udris 4 metrs, diametri ki 60 metrs unda udrides. yorRanis
CrdiloeT mxares amoTxrilia qvebi, samxreT-aRmosav-leTi mxare ki CaRrmavebulia.
mexuTe yorRani: meoTxe yorRanidan aRmosavleT-samx-reTisken, daswvriv, sof. axalsoflis gzis mxareze, `Tandiwyaroebis~ miwaSi aRvricxeT rigiT mexuTe, didi zomis yorRani. es yorRani dadablebulia da gadaxnuli `borcobi~ odnav Cans xnulSi; aqa-iq moCans riyis qve-bi da gvxvdeba obsidianis mRvrie-gamWvirvale, moSavo feris anatkecebi. yorRanis diametri miaxloebiT udris 60 metrs, simaRle ki _ 1 metrs.
meeqvse yorRani mdebareobs mexuTe yorRanidan aRmo-savleTiT, `lagma xevis~ gverdiT. am yorRanis farTi SedarebiT mcirea: simaRliT iseTive, e. i. 1 metrisaa, diametri daaxloebiT 40 metria. meeqvse yorRanis gadas-wvriv, aRmosavleTiTve aris meSvide yorRani.
meSvide yorRani SedarebiT pataraa da eTanabreba darCiaSviliseul, gagniZis miwaSi, `zeianebi~-s mindor-Si mdebare yorRans. es yorRani `lagma xevis~ marcxena mxarezea, boslis daswvriv. zemoxsenebuli yorRanic gadaxnuli da dadablebulia.
meSvide da meeqvse yorRanebi mdebareoben ̀ cera arxis~ zemoT, misi marcxena napiris Tavze. TviT `cera arxi~ _ `lagma xevis~ da `Tandiwyaros xevis~ mimarTebiT _ daswvriv, Tavze hkveTavs maT da miedineba samxreTisaken.
sofelSi Cven vnaxeT ramdenime eklesia, romlebic gviandeli xanisaa; radganac dro ar gvqonda, warwer-ebi aqvT Tu ara, _ ar gvinaxia. amiT davamTavreT sof. xelTubanSi pirveladi sarekognoscio arqeologiuri dazvervebi.
sof. axalsofeli
muzeumSi 1941 wels Sevitye, rom gigo nikolozis Ze wenwvaZis cnobiT, sof. axalsoflis da sof. zeRdule-
48 49
seifaSvilebis TqmiT, _ `savse iyo sardionis sxvadasxva mZivebiT da nacrisa da damwvari Zvlebis nawilebiT~. unda SevniSnoT, rom urnaSi moTavsebuli micvalebu-lis ferfli maT miuCneviaT nacrad da damwvari Zvlebi rom unaxavT, qila daumtvreviaT, xolo mZivebi _ yve-la wamouRiaT da gaunawilebiaT: nawili erT Zmiscols wauRia, meore nawili TviTve dautovebia, saidanac ram-denime cali saCuqrad miucia disTvis, sirana xuroS-vilisTvis, romelic gaTxovilia sof. did xurvaleTSi, vano xuroSvilze. sof. did xurvaleTSi roca gadave-diT sirana xuroSvilTan mZivebis gamosarTmevad, maT gadmogvces mxolod erTi patara mZivi. bevri Zebnis Sem-deg gamoirkva, rom _ bavSvebs daukargavT da Tu vipov-eT, muzeums gadmovcemTo.
seifaSvilebis ojaxidan wamoviRe Svidi, sxvadasxva zomis, cilindruli da bikonuri formis, kargad gapri-alebuli da damuSavebuli sardionis mZivebi, mRvrie Rvinisferisa, romlebic Tavisi SexedulebiT da for-miT warmoCindeba, rogorc erT-erTi xelosnobis nimuSi qarTlis teritoriidan.
mesame yorRani _ `goraka~ gvxvdeba seifaSvilebis baRis `goraki~-dan Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, darCiaSvi-lis yofil saxnav miwaSi. es miwa, sadac axla patara yorRania, uyidiaT aleqsa da leqso gagniZeebs, romel-Tac `goraki~ daudablebiaT da gadauxvniaT zedapirze. amJamad am yorRanis miwa moyolilia kolmeurneobis farTobSi. yorRanis simaRlea 1 metri, diametri ki _ 20 m.
meoTxe yorRani mdebareobs `zeianebSi~ /saxnavi mi-wis saxelia/, mesame yorRanis gaswvriv, mindorSi, sei-faSvilebis yorRanis gaswvriv _ perpendikularulad, Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. es yorRani Tavisi moculobiT yvelaze didia da simaRliTac aRemateba aq arsebul sxva yorRanebs. yorRanis simaRle daaxloebiT udris 4 metrs, diametri ki 60 metrs unda udrides. yorRanis
CrdiloeT mxares amoTxrilia qvebi, samxreT-aRmosav-leTi mxare ki CaRrmavebulia.
mexuTe yorRani: meoTxe yorRanidan aRmosavleT-samx-reTisken, daswvriv, sof. axalsoflis gzis mxareze, `Tandiwyaroebis~ miwaSi aRvricxeT rigiT mexuTe, didi zomis yorRani. es yorRani dadablebulia da gadaxnuli `borcobi~ odnav Cans xnulSi; aqa-iq moCans riyis qve-bi da gvxvdeba obsidianis mRvrie-gamWvirvale, moSavo feris anatkecebi. yorRanis diametri miaxloebiT udris 60 metrs, simaRle ki _ 1 metrs.
meeqvse yorRani mdebareobs mexuTe yorRanidan aRmo-savleTiT, `lagma xevis~ gverdiT. am yorRanis farTi SedarebiT mcirea: simaRliT iseTive, e. i. 1 metrisaa, diametri daaxloebiT 40 metria. meeqvse yorRanis gadas-wvriv, aRmosavleTiTve aris meSvide yorRani.
meSvide yorRani SedarebiT pataraa da eTanabreba darCiaSviliseul, gagniZis miwaSi, `zeianebi~-s mindor-Si mdebare yorRans. es yorRani `lagma xevis~ marcxena mxarezea, boslis daswvriv. zemoxsenebuli yorRanic gadaxnuli da dadablebulia.
meSvide da meeqvse yorRanebi mdebareoben ̀ cera arxis~ zemoT, misi marcxena napiris Tavze. TviT `cera arxi~ _ `lagma xevis~ da `Tandiwyaros xevis~ mimarTebiT _ daswvriv, Tavze hkveTavs maT da miedineba samxreTisaken.
sofelSi Cven vnaxeT ramdenime eklesia, romlebic gviandeli xanisaa; radganac dro ar gvqonda, warwer-ebi aqvT Tu ara, _ ar gvinaxia. amiT davamTavreT sof. xelTubanSi pirveladi sarekognoscio arqeologiuri dazvervebi.
sof. axalsofeli
muzeumSi 1941 wels Sevitye, rom gigo nikolozis Ze wenwvaZis cnobiT, sof. axalsoflis da sof. zeRdule-
50 51
Tis sazRvarze aris `goraka~, `yvavis saydrad~ wodebu-li amaRlebuli borcvi, sadac Cndeba `akldamis kldee-bi~ da qoTnebi. es goraki sof. axalsoflidan daSo-rebulia 1 km-iT. mas vaso mixeilis Ze TaTaraSvilis miwa esazRvreba. `gorakas~ miwa adre varTomaSvilebs ekuTvnodaT, amJamad ki moqceulia kolmeurneobis far-TobSi. Cven ver vnaxeT es `goraka~: radganac saSualeba ar gvqonda adgilze dagveTvalierebina, vinaidan Waobis gaRma mdebareobs.
sof. didi xurvaleTi
sof. didi xurvaleTi Sedgeba sami ubnisagan, rom-lebic erTmaneTisgan arian daSorebuli. pirveli, ga-napira sofelia `saeklesio~, sadac cxovroben adu-kaSvilebi da sxvebic. aq Cven marTalia bevri glexi davkiTxeT, magram ver SevZeliT gamogverkvia, adgili hqonia Tu ara aq arqeologiuri Zeglebis SemTxveviT aRmoCenas, sxvadasxva sameurneo muSaobis Sesrulebis dros. Cven mier didi dakiTxvis Catarebisas: mainc uSe-dego pasuxi miviReT glexebisagan.
gadavediT meore ubanSi, e.w. `did xurvaleTSi~, sa-dac agreTve vawarmoeT arqeologiuri dazverva da da-kiTxvebi, ris Sedegadac gamovarkvieT _ daTa abramis Ze xuroSvilis cnobiT: `sergo xaCiriSvilis karebze (ezoSi), sadac Txridnen boslis saZirkvels, muSebma 1 m-is siRrmeze gamoaCines Tixis WurWeli da mZivebi; Wur-Wlebi micvalebulebs TaviT da fexebTan edgaT~. muSebs Tixis surebi daumtvreviaT, mZivebi ki wauR-wamouRiaT. igive daTa abramis Ze xuroSvilma gviTxra: <<ormoci wlis winaT, rodesac mexreT viyav guTanze, `naqoxrebis miwaSi~ xvnis dros guTani wamoedeboda xolme ̀ kldeebs~, saidanac miwidan amosdevda guTans kldis gaTlili qve-bi, Tixis damtvreuli qilebi da surebi. es miwebi exla uWiravT axal xurvaleTelebs da amuSaveben bobnevidan Camosuli, aq dasaxlebuli glexebi>>.
Cven gadavediT axal xurvaleTSi da glexebs gam-ovkiTxeT: ris Semdegac gviambes, rom: <<xandaxan, xvnis dros, marTlac adgili aqvs `lodebis~ gamoCenas>>. maT maCvenes sul axlaxan aRmoCenili qvayuTis /akldamis/ mogrZo, uxeSad damuSavebuli qva, romelic unda ekuT-vnodes feodaluri xanis samarxs.
sof. zemo xurvaleTidan gadavediT sof. winagaraSi.
sof. winagara
aqaur mosaxleobas dRemde SemounaxavT metad sain-tereso ornamentiani taxtebi. erTi aseTi saintereso taxti aqvs ganapira ubanSi mcxovreb iaSa marRiSvils. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom winagaris kolmeurneobis Tav-mjdomaris nestor biCinovis TqmiT, sof. ortobanSi cxovrobs moxuci vaso driaevi, romelsac agreTve unda hqondes aseTive saxis, Zveli qarTuli yaidis aveji (Tvi-Ton xelosaniao).
winagaraSi kolmeurneobis krebas saRamoxans Cven ga-vacaniT arqologiuri aRmoCenebis mniSvneloba da ga-movkiTxeT, ris Semdegac Segvpirdnen, rom: `Tu aseTi aRmoCndeba Cvens sofelSi, maSin SegatyobinebT muze-umSi~.
sof. qvemo baRebi
diliT, sof. winagaridan 17 noembers gavemgzavre sof. qvemo baRebSi, sadac, sof. xelTubanSi mcxovrebi Tamar akolaSvilis cnobiT, gucmazovianT ojaxSi gvegulebo-da miwaSi SemTxveviT napovni arqeologiuri nivTebi _ `30 wlis winaT gucmazovi vano Tavis karebze /ezoSi/ akeTebda kalos, miwis Txris dros ipovna surebi da patara qilebi. vano mokvda, darCa Svilebi: griSa da iliko, romlebic wiTel armiaSi arian~. sofelSi gavige, rom erTi Zmis ojaxi TbilisSia, meore Zmis meuRle ki
50 51
Tis sazRvarze aris `goraka~, `yvavis saydrad~ wodebu-li amaRlebuli borcvi, sadac Cndeba `akldamis kldee-bi~ da qoTnebi. es goraki sof. axalsoflidan daSo-rebulia 1 km-iT. mas vaso mixeilis Ze TaTaraSvilis miwa esazRvreba. `gorakas~ miwa adre varTomaSvilebs ekuTvnodaT, amJamad ki moqceulia kolmeurneobis far-TobSi. Cven ver vnaxeT es `goraka~: radganac saSualeba ar gvqonda adgilze dagveTvalierebina, vinaidan Waobis gaRma mdebareobs.
sof. didi xurvaleTi
sof. didi xurvaleTi Sedgeba sami ubnisagan, rom-lebic erTmaneTisgan arian daSorebuli. pirveli, ga-napira sofelia `saeklesio~, sadac cxovroben adu-kaSvilebi da sxvebic. aq Cven marTalia bevri glexi davkiTxeT, magram ver SevZeliT gamogverkvia, adgili hqonia Tu ara aq arqeologiuri Zeglebis SemTxveviT aRmoCenas, sxvadasxva sameurneo muSaobis Sesrulebis dros. Cven mier didi dakiTxvis Catarebisas: mainc uSe-dego pasuxi miviReT glexebisagan.
gadavediT meore ubanSi, e.w. `did xurvaleTSi~, sa-dac agreTve vawarmoeT arqeologiuri dazverva da da-kiTxvebi, ris Sedegadac gamovarkvieT _ daTa abramis Ze xuroSvilis cnobiT: `sergo xaCiriSvilis karebze (ezoSi), sadac Txridnen boslis saZirkvels, muSebma 1 m-is siRrmeze gamoaCines Tixis WurWeli da mZivebi; Wur-Wlebi micvalebulebs TaviT da fexebTan edgaT~. muSebs Tixis surebi daumtvreviaT, mZivebi ki wauR-wamouRiaT. igive daTa abramis Ze xuroSvilma gviTxra: <<ormoci wlis winaT, rodesac mexreT viyav guTanze, `naqoxrebis miwaSi~ xvnis dros guTani wamoedeboda xolme ̀ kldeebs~, saidanac miwidan amosdevda guTans kldis gaTlili qve-bi, Tixis damtvreuli qilebi da surebi. es miwebi exla uWiravT axal xurvaleTelebs da amuSaveben bobnevidan Camosuli, aq dasaxlebuli glexebi>>.
Cven gadavediT axal xurvaleTSi da glexebs gam-ovkiTxeT: ris Semdegac gviambes, rom: <<xandaxan, xvnis dros, marTlac adgili aqvs `lodebis~ gamoCenas>>. maT maCvenes sul axlaxan aRmoCenili qvayuTis /akldamis/ mogrZo, uxeSad damuSavebuli qva, romelic unda ekuT-vnodes feodaluri xanis samarxs.
sof. zemo xurvaleTidan gadavediT sof. winagaraSi.
sof. winagara
aqaur mosaxleobas dRemde SemounaxavT metad sain-tereso ornamentiani taxtebi. erTi aseTi saintereso taxti aqvs ganapira ubanSi mcxovreb iaSa marRiSvils. aqve unda SevniSnoT, rom winagaris kolmeurneobis Tav-mjdomaris nestor biCinovis TqmiT, sof. ortobanSi cxovrobs moxuci vaso driaevi, romelsac agreTve unda hqondes aseTive saxis, Zveli qarTuli yaidis aveji (Tvi-Ton xelosaniao).
winagaraSi kolmeurneobis krebas saRamoxans Cven ga-vacaniT arqologiuri aRmoCenebis mniSvneloba da ga-movkiTxeT, ris Semdegac Segvpirdnen, rom: `Tu aseTi aRmoCndeba Cvens sofelSi, maSin SegatyobinebT muze-umSi~.
sof. qvemo baRebi
diliT, sof. winagaridan 17 noembers gavemgzavre sof. qvemo baRebSi, sadac, sof. xelTubanSi mcxovrebi Tamar akolaSvilis cnobiT, gucmazovianT ojaxSi gvegulebo-da miwaSi SemTxveviT napovni arqeologiuri nivTebi _ `30 wlis winaT gucmazovi vano Tavis karebze /ezoSi/ akeTebda kalos, miwis Txris dros ipovna surebi da patara qilebi. vano mokvda, darCa Svilebi: griSa da iliko, romlebic wiTel armiaSi arian~. sofelSi gavige, rom erTi Zmis ojaxi TbilisSia, meore Zmis meuRle ki
52 53
gorSi iyo bazarze wasuli, ris gamoc Cven saSualeba ar gvqonda Segvemowmebina es cnoba. glexebSi movaxdi-neT dakiTxvebi, ris Sedegadac gamoirkva, rom zemoxsen-ebul SemTxvevas marTlac hqonia adgili.
aq, sofelSi Semonaxulia Zveli, `darbazis~ tipis saxli, sadac Zveli ornamentirebuli dedaboZi dgas, mzis diskos ornamentiani _ lamazi nakeTobisa; saxli ekuTvnis griSa kotes Ze kulumbegaSvils. kotes mama, Salva 100 wlis winaT Camovida sof. ylarSidan sof. qvemo baRebSi da es darbazi imdroindeli nagebiao.
ioseb cacos Ze guCmazovs aqvs saufroso skami _ or-namentirebuli, sada saxis.
am sofelSi barZim kulumbegaSvils, romelic, misi TqmiT, 100 wlis unda iyos da xelosan-mexaratea, Semou-naxavs Tavisive xeliT gakeTebuli skam-logini /taxti/ _ metad lamazi ornamentebiT, irmebis, mzis da jixvis gamosaxulebiT Semkuli. taxti sigrZiT 3 metris unda iyos, siganiT _ 1 metris.
amave sofelSi kato kulumbegaSvils da mis Svils, zaqaria sikos Zes aqvT agreTve lamazi, saufroso ska-mi. maTi skami zemoT naxseneb skamze ufro lamazia da moxdenili ornamenti aqvs. amaTve aqvT `darbazis~ sain-tereso CuqurTmiani boZebi. maT gadmomces xis samarile, jvrisa da mcenaris ornamentebiT Semkuli.
sof. qvemo baRebidan aviareT sof. gobozaanT karSi, sadac aris `RvTismSoblis xati~ _ kldeSi gamokveTili samsxverplo; udroobis gamo ver davaTvaliereT da gan-vagrZeT gza sof. zemo baRebisaken.
sof. zemo baRebi
Cven iq mivediT dimitri gagloSvilis saxlSi, sadac winaswarve, misive cnobiT, gveguleboda brinjaos ama-zonis tipis culi. misma Svilma, giguca dimitris Ze
gagloSvilma gadmogvca brinjaos es culi. rodesac gigucas vesaubreT da gamovkiTxeT, Tu sad ipova brin-jaos culi, man ganacxada: `sabosle Senobis saZirkvels rom vWridiT, maSin vipoveT~. roca vuTxari, rom Cven aq, momavalSi, gaTxrebs CavatarebT, man, ratomRac, povnis adgilad daasaxela kaspi _ ̀ rkinigzis aqeT, didi Senobis adgilas, 6 wlis winaT vipoveT~. SeiZleba es gangvicxa-da imisaTvis, rom boslis Senoba ar daarRviono.
sof. zemo baRebidan gadavediT sof. kitreulSi, sad-ac mosaxleoben Tvaurebi da kuduxaSvilebi.
sof. kitreula
sof. kitreula mdebareobs md. berSoulas dinebis marcxena mxareze. mosaxleobas Cven ganvumarteT isto-riul-arqeologiuri Zeglebis mniSvneloba, ris Sedega-dac kolmeurneobis sawyobis gamgisgan, mixa Tandilas Ze Tvaurisagan gavigeT: <<1941 wlis zafxulSi Tibvis Semdeg mTibavebi isvenebdnen ceca kuduxaSvilis patara baRCaSi, sadac moirbina patara biWma da ganacxada, rom xevis Tavze, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, ̀ kurma Zuar~-is samx-reTiT, ferdobTan, muxis ZirSi ipovna `mwvane feris raRac nivTi~. maSin mTibavebi mividnen da roca naxes es nivTi, ganacxades: es, viRacas `jado~ daugdiao; amitom nivTs aravin miekara>>. maSin, mixa Tandilas Ze Tvauri, miuxedavad mTibavebis gafrTxilebisa, dainteresda da es nivTi wamoiRo sawyobSi Sesanaxad. sxvaTa Soris, is dainteresda nivTis _ `gamourkveveli gamosaxulebebiT da daniSnulebiT~, ris gamoc Senaxuli hqonda. masTan saubris dros Cven vTxoveT moetana zemoT naxseneb adg-ilSi napovni `gamourkveveli nivTi~. is warmogvidgina Cven da gvTxova, gagverkvia mis `SinaarsSi~. es nivTi aRmoCnda brinjaos balTa.
brinjaos balTa oTkuTxa formisaa, kopulebiani; CarCoze garSemo gasdevs spiraluri ornamentebi. mis
52 53
gorSi iyo bazarze wasuli, ris gamoc Cven saSualeba ar gvqonda Segvemowmebina es cnoba. glexebSi movaxdi-neT dakiTxvebi, ris Sedegadac gamoirkva, rom zemoxsen-ebul SemTxvevas marTlac hqonia adgili.
aq, sofelSi Semonaxulia Zveli, `darbazis~ tipis saxli, sadac Zveli ornamentirebuli dedaboZi dgas, mzis diskos ornamentiani _ lamazi nakeTobisa; saxli ekuTvnis griSa kotes Ze kulumbegaSvils. kotes mama, Salva 100 wlis winaT Camovida sof. ylarSidan sof. qvemo baRebSi da es darbazi imdroindeli nagebiao.
ioseb cacos Ze guCmazovs aqvs saufroso skami _ or-namentirebuli, sada saxis.
am sofelSi barZim kulumbegaSvils, romelic, misi TqmiT, 100 wlis unda iyos da xelosan-mexaratea, Semou-naxavs Tavisive xeliT gakeTebuli skam-logini /taxti/ _ metad lamazi ornamentebiT, irmebis, mzis da jixvis gamosaxulebiT Semkuli. taxti sigrZiT 3 metris unda iyos, siganiT _ 1 metris.
amave sofelSi kato kulumbegaSvils da mis Svils, zaqaria sikos Zes aqvT agreTve lamazi, saufroso ska-mi. maTi skami zemoT naxseneb skamze ufro lamazia da moxdenili ornamenti aqvs. amaTve aqvT `darbazis~ sain-tereso CuqurTmiani boZebi. maT gadmomces xis samarile, jvrisa da mcenaris ornamentebiT Semkuli.
sof. qvemo baRebidan aviareT sof. gobozaanT karSi, sadac aris `RvTismSoblis xati~ _ kldeSi gamokveTili samsxverplo; udroobis gamo ver davaTvaliereT da gan-vagrZeT gza sof. zemo baRebisaken.
sof. zemo baRebi
Cven iq mivediT dimitri gagloSvilis saxlSi, sadac winaswarve, misive cnobiT, gveguleboda brinjaos ama-zonis tipis culi. misma Svilma, giguca dimitris Ze
gagloSvilma gadmogvca brinjaos es culi. rodesac gigucas vesaubreT da gamovkiTxeT, Tu sad ipova brin-jaos culi, man ganacxada: `sabosle Senobis saZirkvels rom vWridiT, maSin vipoveT~. roca vuTxari, rom Cven aq, momavalSi, gaTxrebs CavatarebT, man, ratomRac, povnis adgilad daasaxela kaspi _ ̀ rkinigzis aqeT, didi Senobis adgilas, 6 wlis winaT vipoveT~. SeiZleba es gangvicxa-da imisaTvis, rom boslis Senoba ar daarRviono.
sof. zemo baRebidan gadavediT sof. kitreulSi, sad-ac mosaxleoben Tvaurebi da kuduxaSvilebi.
sof. kitreula
sof. kitreula mdebareobs md. berSoulas dinebis marcxena mxareze. mosaxleobas Cven ganvumarteT isto-riul-arqeologiuri Zeglebis mniSvneloba, ris Sedega-dac kolmeurneobis sawyobis gamgisgan, mixa Tandilas Ze Tvaurisagan gavigeT: <<1941 wlis zafxulSi Tibvis Semdeg mTibavebi isvenebdnen ceca kuduxaSvilis patara baRCaSi, sadac moirbina patara biWma da ganacxada, rom xevis Tavze, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT, ̀ kurma Zuar~-is samx-reTiT, ferdobTan, muxis ZirSi ipovna `mwvane feris raRac nivTi~. maSin mTibavebi mividnen da roca naxes es nivTi, ganacxades: es, viRacas `jado~ daugdiao; amitom nivTs aravin miekara>>. maSin, mixa Tandilas Ze Tvauri, miuxedavad mTibavebis gafrTxilebisa, dainteresda da es nivTi wamoiRo sawyobSi Sesanaxad. sxvaTa Soris, is dainteresda nivTis _ `gamourkveveli gamosaxulebebiT da daniSnulebiT~, ris gamoc Senaxuli hqonda. masTan saubris dros Cven vTxoveT moetana zemoT naxseneb adg-ilSi napovni `gamourkveveli nivTi~. is warmogvidgina Cven da gvTxova, gagverkvia mis `SinaarsSi~. es nivTi aRmoCnda brinjaos balTa.
brinjaos balTa oTkuTxa formisaa, kopulebiani; CarCoze garSemo gasdevs spiraluri ornamentebi. mis
54 55
SuagulSi gamosaxulia fantastiuri, stilizaciaqmni-li cxeni, romelsac kiserze ayria wnuli fafari, saxe ki `gveleSapis~ aqvs. mTavari gamosaxulebis Tavze, wamowolil mdgomareobaSi mocemulia xari, mozrdili rqebiT, romelsac moxrili aqvs kiseri da Tavi, mxarze adevs daxveuli kudi. qveda CarCos Tavze gamosaxulia frTebgaSlili frinveli, romelic mogvagonebs mtreds da TiTqos ZuZus wovs zemoaRniSnul cxens. gverdiT ki, CarCos gaswvriv, marjvniv, or fexze mdgari gamosax-ulebaa, romelic cxens pirSi uvardeba sayefrad. Cveni azriT, es unda iyos ZaRli, Tumca mas iseTive pirisaxe aqvs, rogorc mTavar figuras. balTas meore mxares motexili aqvs Sesakravi ena, mxolod mrgvali abzindi aqvs dasamagreblad.
mixa TvaurTan erTad, Cven davaTvaliereT aRmoCenis adgili. meore dRes, xuTSabaTs, 18 noembers CavixazeT zogadi gegma aRmoCenis axlo mdebareobisa. amis Semdeg gavemgzavreT sof. uReltexilisken.
sof. uReltexili
Cven aq davzvereT sxvadasxva adgilebi da glex-ebSic CavatareT dakiTxva, magram aRmoCnda, rom aq, mx-olod erTxel, 30 wlis winaT iagor xuroSvils upovnia fulebis ganZi, romelic wauRia TbilisSi da iq gauy-idia. iagor xuroSvili sacxovreblad gadasula sof. lams da iq gardacvlila. misi Svilebi cxovroben sof. wiTelubanSi.
sof. RduleTi
kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris fida Certkoevis gad-mocemiT, RduleTis `grZeli miwebis~ boloze arxis gay-vanis dros, `nabaRvaris~ boloze /saxnavi miwaa/, 1,5 me-tris siRrmeze aRmoCnda qalis samarxi, sadac ipoves: brinjaos mSvildi, `Cangali~ /`xorcis amosaRebad~/,
kovzi, SuSis WurWeli, oqrosfrad daferili SuSis mZivebi /`daaxloebiT 2 muWa~/. `Cangali~ wamoiRo egna Certkoevma /Sempirda, rom _ Camovitano/, vazno jioevis biWma wamoiRo brinjaos beWedi. yvela zemoT aRniSnuli nivTi daukargiaT. sof. RduleTidan naSuadRevisas gave-mgzavreT sof. berSueTisaken.
sof. patara berSueTi
leqso dimitris Ze sexniaSvilis cnobiT, aq, `nergi miwebSi~ /glexebis TqmiT _ `xeva~-Si/, 20 wlis winaT, wylis adidebisas Cndeboda SuSebi da mZivebi, `nergis~ maxloblad.
sof. didi berSueTi
aq ia gigas Ze biZinaSvils daculi aqvs `darbazis~ tipis boseli, sadac aris kargi saxis, ornamentirebu-li dedaboZi.
sof. kirbali
sof. kirbalSi Cven davrCiT Ramis gasaTevad. aq davkiTxeT glexebi. maTTan saubarSi gamovarkvie, rom: <<miwis samuSaoebis Sesrulebis dros, soflis Tav-ze, `nasaxlarebSi~ Cndeba patara WurWlis natexebi da damtvreuli surebi>>. es cnoba simarTles ramdenad Seefereba, ar vici.
giorgi ivanes Ze papitaSvilis meuRles, anna papitaS-vils aqvs `darbazi~, sadac or dedaboZze amokveTilia CuqurTmebi. kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris, vaso papit-aSvilis mamas, niko papitaSvils aqvs `darbazis~ cali kedeli, sadac daculia buxari, TaxCebi da jamebis Ses-awyobi mrgvali, ormoseburi `sajameebi~.
54 55
SuagulSi gamosaxulia fantastiuri, stilizaciaqmni-li cxeni, romelsac kiserze ayria wnuli fafari, saxe ki `gveleSapis~ aqvs. mTavari gamosaxulebis Tavze, wamowolil mdgomareobaSi mocemulia xari, mozrdili rqebiT, romelsac moxrili aqvs kiseri da Tavi, mxarze adevs daxveuli kudi. qveda CarCos Tavze gamosaxulia frTebgaSlili frinveli, romelic mogvagonebs mtreds da TiTqos ZuZus wovs zemoaRniSnul cxens. gverdiT ki, CarCos gaswvriv, marjvniv, or fexze mdgari gamosax-ulebaa, romelic cxens pirSi uvardeba sayefrad. Cveni azriT, es unda iyos ZaRli, Tumca mas iseTive pirisaxe aqvs, rogorc mTavar figuras. balTas meore mxares motexili aqvs Sesakravi ena, mxolod mrgvali abzindi aqvs dasamagreblad.
mixa TvaurTan erTad, Cven davaTvaliereT aRmoCenis adgili. meore dRes, xuTSabaTs, 18 noembers CavixazeT zogadi gegma aRmoCenis axlo mdebareobisa. amis Semdeg gavemgzavreT sof. uReltexilisken.
sof. uReltexili
Cven aq davzvereT sxvadasxva adgilebi da glex-ebSic CavatareT dakiTxva, magram aRmoCnda, rom aq, mx-olod erTxel, 30 wlis winaT iagor xuroSvils upovnia fulebis ganZi, romelic wauRia TbilisSi da iq gauy-idia. iagor xuroSvili sacxovreblad gadasula sof. lams da iq gardacvlila. misi Svilebi cxovroben sof. wiTelubanSi.
sof. RduleTi
kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris fida Certkoevis gad-mocemiT, RduleTis `grZeli miwebis~ boloze arxis gay-vanis dros, `nabaRvaris~ boloze /saxnavi miwaa/, 1,5 me-tris siRrmeze aRmoCnda qalis samarxi, sadac ipoves: brinjaos mSvildi, `Cangali~ /`xorcis amosaRebad~/,
kovzi, SuSis WurWeli, oqrosfrad daferili SuSis mZivebi /`daaxloebiT 2 muWa~/. `Cangali~ wamoiRo egna Certkoevma /Sempirda, rom _ Camovitano/, vazno jioevis biWma wamoiRo brinjaos beWedi. yvela zemoT aRniSnuli nivTi daukargiaT. sof. RduleTidan naSuadRevisas gave-mgzavreT sof. berSueTisaken.
sof. patara berSueTi
leqso dimitris Ze sexniaSvilis cnobiT, aq, `nergi miwebSi~ /glexebis TqmiT _ `xeva~-Si/, 20 wlis winaT, wylis adidebisas Cndeboda SuSebi da mZivebi, `nergis~ maxloblad.
sof. didi berSueTi
aq ia gigas Ze biZinaSvils daculi aqvs `darbazis~ tipis boseli, sadac aris kargi saxis, ornamentirebu-li dedaboZi.
sof. kirbali
sof. kirbalSi Cven davrCiT Ramis gasaTevad. aq davkiTxeT glexebi. maTTan saubarSi gamovarkvie, rom: <<miwis samuSaoebis Sesrulebis dros, soflis Tav-ze, `nasaxlarebSi~ Cndeba patara WurWlis natexebi da damtvreuli surebi>>. es cnoba simarTles ramdenad Seefereba, ar vici.
giorgi ivanes Ze papitaSvilis meuRles, anna papitaS-vils aqvs `darbazi~, sadac or dedaboZze amokveTilia CuqurTmebi. kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris, vaso papit-aSvilis mamas, niko papitaSvils aqvs `darbazis~ cali kedeli, sadac daculia buxari, TaxCebi da jamebis Ses-awyobi mrgvali, ormoseburi `sajameebi~.
56 57
sof. Rromi
sof. RromSi, soflis ukan, `qedis miwaSi~ /`qedi xom~/ simindis Toxnis dros anton zaqarias Ze xaCirovma /xa-cirTa/ ipova brinjaos beWedi, romelzec gamosaxulia mwolare xari, romlis qvemoT garbis xariremi. brin-jaos es beWedi gadmogvca anton xaCirovma.
sof. qecxura
1942 wlis zafxulSi `qvaTa xevas naglejSi~, xevis piras, marjvniv, wyaldidobis Semdeg patara mwyemsma biWma oto ilikos Ze gengiurma ipova mowiTalo feris Tixis sura, mucelganieri da pirgadaSlili, romelic misma mamam gadmomca 1943 wlis 19 noembers.
nuca gengiuris cnobiT, `vaTnulebis~ venaxebis Tavze, saxeldobr giorgi bibilaSvilis venaxis Tavze, Cndebo-da Tixis WurWeli. qecxuras ubnidan gadavediT ̀ Carxis~ ubanSi.
sof. Carxis ubani
aq vnaxeT kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare sergo niko-lozis Ze miqelaZe, romelsac gavacaniT Cveni mis-vlis mizani. miqelaZem wagviyvana glexebTan, romlebic simindis rCevaze muSaobdnen. Cven maT gamokiTxeT aR-moCenebis Sesaxeb. Carxisubnis mcxovrebma, 58 wlis nika abramis Ze begiaSvilma gviambo, rom: <<1928 wels, `SarmadianT venaxebis~ TavTan, giorgi Sermadinis venaxis Tavze, arxis gayvanis dros Cndeboda sxvadasxva nivTebi, romlebic gadasces arxis samuSaoebis mwarmoeblebs, teqnikos gurgeniZes Tu gurgeniSvils>>.
sof. patara mejvrisxevi
sof. patara mejvrisxevSi cxovrobs mWedeli beso
efremis Ze eliauri, 76 wlis. igi 60 weliwadia mWed-lad muSaobs. es xeloba iswavla sof. beloTSi, leqso teraSvilTan. TviTon warmoSobiT sof. vildidanaa da dasaxlebula sof. patara mejvrisxevSi. muSaobaSi mas amJamad exmareba Tavisi Svilic. eliaurisgan wamoviRe Zveli waldi, romelic eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT gamovarTvi da gadmoveci muzeums.
sof. axalubani /mejvrisxevi/
levan ivanes Ze petriaSvilis cnobiT, soflis Tavze arxis gaTxris dros aRmoCnda samarxebi /gigo da levana petriaSvilebis venaxis Tavze/. sof. axalubans da sof aZvs Soris, sof. jariaSenis gzisken, xodabunebis miweb-Si, e. w. `xmalaanT miwebSi~, aris dabali, patara zomis yorRani. es yorRani maCvenes SoTa da avTo miRrijanaS-vilebma.
sof. goiaanT kari
sofelSi, wyaros maxloblad, `SakaT gora~-dan Camo-dis xevi, sadac, glexebis TqmiT, wylis adidebisas Cndeba sxvadasxva nivTebi. kekelaSvilebis da eliaurebis uban-Si, `JoJis xevis~ daTvalierebisas vnaxe ramdenime Zveli WurWlis fragmentebi, saidanac wamoviRe Tixis qilis naxevari.
sof. ialbuzi
mituSa eliozis Ze xugasovma, gabila revazis Ze xu-gasovis SviliSvilma, `Cxaraulis miwis~ Tavze ipova brinjaos patara zomis yuadaqanebuli culi, romlisT-visac piri dauWeWyiaT qvaze dartymiT. sof. Cxaraulas da sof. ialbuzs Soris, saxnavi miwebis Tavze aris dacemuli ferda, sof. valiaanT karisken mimavali gzis gadmoswvriv, xevis aqeT, romlis Tavzec aris Txilisa
56 57
sof. Rromi
sof. RromSi, soflis ukan, `qedis miwaSi~ /`qedi xom~/ simindis Toxnis dros anton zaqarias Ze xaCirovma /xa-cirTa/ ipova brinjaos beWedi, romelzec gamosaxulia mwolare xari, romlis qvemoT garbis xariremi. brin-jaos es beWedi gadmogvca anton xaCirovma.
sof. qecxura
1942 wlis zafxulSi `qvaTa xevas naglejSi~, xevis piras, marjvniv, wyaldidobis Semdeg patara mwyemsma biWma oto ilikos Ze gengiurma ipova mowiTalo feris Tixis sura, mucelganieri da pirgadaSlili, romelic misma mamam gadmomca 1943 wlis 19 noembers.
nuca gengiuris cnobiT, `vaTnulebis~ venaxebis Tavze, saxeldobr giorgi bibilaSvilis venaxis Tavze, Cndebo-da Tixis WurWeli. qecxuras ubnidan gadavediT `Carxis~ ubanSi.
sof. Carxis ubani
aq vnaxeT kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomare sergo niko-lozis Ze miqelaZe, romelsac gavacaniT Cveni mis-vlis mizani. miqelaZem wagviyvana glexebTan, romlebic simindis rCevaze muSaobdnen. Cven maT gamokiTxeT aR-moCenebis Sesaxeb. Carxisubnis mcxovrebma, 58 wlis nika abramis Ze begiaSvilma gviambo, rom: <<1928 wels, `SarmadianT venaxebis~ TavTan, giorgi Sermadinis venaxis Tavze, arxis gayvanis dros Cndeboda sxvadasxva nivTebi, romlebic gadasces arxis samuSaoebis mwarmoeblebs, teqnikos gurgeniZes Tu gurgeniSvils>>.
sof. patara mejvrisxevi
sof. patara mejvrisxevSi cxovrobs mWedeli beso
efremis Ze eliauri, 76 wlis. igi 60 weliwadia mWed-lad muSaobs. es xeloba iswavla sof. beloTSi, leqso teraSvilTan. TviTon warmoSobiT sof. vildidanaa da dasaxlebula sof. patara mejvrisxevSi. muSaobaSi mas amJamad exmareba Tavisi Svilic. eliaurisgan wamoviRe Zveli waldi, romelic eTnografiuli TvalsazrisiT gamovarTvi da gadmoveci muzeums.
sof. axalubani /mejvrisxevi/
levan ivanes Ze petriaSvilis cnobiT, soflis Tavze arxis gaTxris dros aRmoCnda samarxebi /gigo da levana petriaSvilebis venaxis Tavze/. sof. axalubans da sof aZvs Soris, sof. jariaSenis gzisken, xodabunebis miweb-Si, e. w. `xmalaanT miwebSi~, aris dabali, patara zomis yorRani. es yorRani maCvenes SoTa da avTo miRrijanaS-vilebma.
sof. goiaanT kari
sofelSi, wyaros maxloblad, `SakaT gora~-dan Camo-dis xevi, sadac, glexebis TqmiT, wylis adidebisas Cndeba sxvadasxva nivTebi. kekelaSvilebis da eliaurebis uban-Si, `JoJis xevis~ daTvalierebisas vnaxe ramdenime Zveli WurWlis fragmentebi, saidanac wamoviRe Tixis qilis naxevari.
sof. ialbuzi
mituSa eliozis Ze xugasovma, gabila revazis Ze xu-gasovis SviliSvilma, `Cxaraulis miwis~ Tavze ipova brinjaos patara zomis yuadaqanebuli culi, romlisT-visac piri dauWeWyiaT qvaze dartymiT. sof. Cxaraulas da sof. ialbuzs Soris, saxnavi miwebis Tavze aris dacemuli ferda, sof. valiaanT karisken mimavali gzis gadmoswvriv, xevis aqeT, romlis Tavzec aris Txilisa
58 59
da kunelis patara, dabali tye-buCqnari. aq cxvrebs mwyemsavda mituSa xugasovi, romelmac miwaSi SeniSna brinjaos aRniSnuli patara culi da saxlSi wamoiRo, aago xis tarze da xmarobda. 21 noembers, kviras Cven viyaviT ikorTaSi, sadac mituSas biZaSvilebisgan SemTx-veviT SevityeT, rom mituSa xugasovma ipova zemonaxsen-ebi brinjaos culi. man es culi Cven gadmogvca.
sof. flavismani
aq iliko giunaSvils `saqaTmesTan~, Zveli arxis gaW-risas, gamouCenia samarxebi, sadac upovnia mZivebi da Tixis WurWeli. mZivebi sxvadasxva naTesavebisTvis gaun-awilebiaT. Cven rom movTxoveT, misi meuRle Segvpirda: muzeumSi warmogidgenT, Tu vipoveTo.
Tengiz giunaSvilis cnobiT, romelmac aRmoCenis adg-ili gvaCvena, mis das _ dusasac, imave arxis adgilSi, wvimis dros upovnia mZivebi.
sof. qarqianT kari
qarqianT karSi, soflis Crdilo-dasavleTiT aris sakire _ ormo, saidanac oTaxis gasalesad miaqvT miwa. nino soses asul qarqiSvils aq, TeTri miwis /kaolinia/ Txris dros, upovnia patara zomis salesavi qva. ilo Temos Ze qarqaSvilis cnobiT, _ `40 wlis winaT, bos-lis saZirkvlis gaWris dros, 1 metris siRrmeze esta melaZes upovnia brinjaos samajurebi da patara zan-zalakebi~. ilo Temos Ze qarqiSvilma Tavis boselSi maCvena oTxkuTxa formis qvis akldama, sadac, misi TqmiT, gamoCenila micvalebulebi, _ ramdenime erTad. TviT ilo Temos Zes, soflis gverdiT, gzis piras mde-bare miwaSi xvnis dros upovnia, misi aRweriT, brinjaos yuadaqanebuli culi; iqve upovnia mrgvali formis bal-Ta. culi wamouRia saxlSi, balTa ki gadaugdia miwaSi. ilo Temos Zem eZeba saxlSi culi, magram ver ipova;
Segvpirda, rom _ Tu aRmoCnda saxlSi, me TviTon Camov-itan muzeumSio.
sof. arcevi
sof. Cxaraulas da sof. arcevs Soris, sof. ialbuzis maxloblad, Cveni dazvervis Sedegad aRmovaCineT Zalian didi zomis yorRani, romelic azidulia karga maRla. misi simaRle daaxloebiT 15 metrs udris, diametri ki 100-120 metrs. aq SevagroveT Tixis sxvadasxva WurWlis fragmentebi, sadac mocemulia sxvadasxva saxiani or-namentebi. rogorc zedapiruli masala, agreTve wamovi-ReT: safqvavi qvis fragmentebi _ sami cali; patara zomis, kbiliseburi formis, bazaltovani tufis gamourkveveli daniSnulebis erTi sagani; agreTve qvisave, iaraRis fragmenti _ cal mxareze moprialebuli zedapiriT, soliseburi formis, mogrZo moyvanilobis. agreTve SevagroveT cecxlisagan gamomwvari Tixis buxris frag-mentebi, sul 8 natexi, romlebzec atyvia xisa da fiCxis nakvalevi. irkveva, rom buxari Selesili yofila Tixis sqeli feniT, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi gamomwvara cecxlis danTebis Sedegad.
yorRanis daswvriv, flavismani-arcevis gzis bolos aris wminda giorgis eklesia, romlis aRmosavleTi ked-lis Tavze, TeTr tufovan qvaze gamokveTilia jvari, romelzec mosCans xucuri warwera.
sof. qveSis Tavze, arxis daswvriv sose nikas Ze rCeuliSvilma maCvena `WinWra gorad~ wodebuli yorRa-ni, romelic arcevel glexs mouqcevia Tavis nakveTSi da yorRanis meore naxevari daudablebia. Zvelad, TviT gorakidanve mihqondaT qvebi: saSen masalad gamoyenebis mizniT, ris Sedegadac droTa ganmavlobaSi yorRani daudablebiaT.
yorRanis bolos, saxnav miwebSi, samxreT-dasavleTiT, oTx adgilas aris momcro zomis deformaciaqmnili
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da kunelis patara, dabali tye-buCqnari. aq cxvrebs mwyemsavda mituSa xugasovi, romelmac miwaSi SeniSna brinjaos aRniSnuli patara culi da saxlSi wamoiRo, aago xis tarze da xmarobda. 21 noembers, kviras Cven viyaviT ikorTaSi, sadac mituSas biZaSvilebisgan SemTx-veviT SevityeT, rom mituSa xugasovma ipova zemonaxsen-ebi brinjaos culi. man es culi Cven gadmogvca.
sof. flavismani
aq iliko giunaSvils `saqaTmesTan~, Zveli arxis gaW-risas, gamouCenia samarxebi, sadac upovnia mZivebi da Tixis WurWeli. mZivebi sxvadasxva naTesavebisTvis gaun-awilebiaT. Cven rom movTxoveT, misi meuRle Segvpirda: muzeumSi warmogidgenT, Tu vipoveTo.
Tengiz giunaSvilis cnobiT, romelmac aRmoCenis adg-ili gvaCvena, mis das _ dusasac, imave arxis adgilSi, wvimis dros upovnia mZivebi.
sof. qarqianT kari
qarqianT karSi, soflis Crdilo-dasavleTiT aris sakire _ ormo, saidanac oTaxis gasalesad miaqvT miwa. nino soses asul qarqiSvils aq, TeTri miwis /kaolinia/ Txris dros, upovnia patara zomis salesavi qva. ilo Temos Ze qarqaSvilis cnobiT, _ `40 wlis winaT, bos-lis saZirkvlis gaWris dros, 1 metris siRrmeze esta melaZes upovnia brinjaos samajurebi da patara zan-zalakebi~. ilo Temos Ze qarqiSvilma Tavis boselSi maCvena oTxkuTxa formis qvis akldama, sadac, misi TqmiT, gamoCenila micvalebulebi, _ ramdenime erTad. TviT ilo Temos Zes, soflis gverdiT, gzis piras mde-bare miwaSi xvnis dros upovnia, misi aRweriT, brinjaos yuadaqanebuli culi; iqve upovnia mrgvali formis bal-Ta. culi wamouRia saxlSi, balTa ki gadaugdia miwaSi. ilo Temos Zem eZeba saxlSi culi, magram ver ipova;
Segvpirda, rom _ Tu aRmoCnda saxlSi, me TviTon Camov-itan muzeumSio.
sof. arcevi
sof. Cxaraulas da sof. arcevs Soris, sof. ialbuzis maxloblad, Cveni dazvervis Sedegad aRmovaCineT Zalian didi zomis yorRani, romelic azidulia karga maRla. misi simaRle daaxloebiT 15 metrs udris, diametri ki 100-120 metrs. aq SevagroveT Tixis sxvadasxva WurWlis fragmentebi, sadac mocemulia sxvadasxva saxiani or-namentebi. rogorc zedapiruli masala, agreTve wamovi-ReT: safqvavi qvis fragmentebi _ sami cali; patara zomis, kbiliseburi formis, bazaltovani tufis gamourkveveli daniSnulebis erTi sagani; agreTve qvisave, iaraRis fragmenti _ cal mxareze moprialebuli zedapiriT, soliseburi formis, mogrZo moyvanilobis. agreTve SevagroveT cecxlisagan gamomwvari Tixis buxris frag-mentebi, sul 8 natexi, romlebzec atyvia xisa da fiCxis nakvalevi. irkveva, rom buxari Selesili yofila Tixis sqeli feniT, romelic droTa ganmavlobaSi gamomwvara cecxlis danTebis Sedegad.
yorRanis daswvriv, flavismani-arcevis gzis bolos aris wminda giorgis eklesia, romlis aRmosavleTi ked-lis Tavze, TeTr tufovan qvaze gamokveTilia jvari, romelzec mosCans xucuri warwera.
sof. qveSis Tavze, arxis daswvriv sose nikas Ze rCeuliSvilma maCvena `WinWra gorad~ wodebuli yorRa-ni, romelic arcevel glexs mouqcevia Tavis nakveTSi da yorRanis meore naxevari daudablebia. Zvelad, TviT gorakidanve mihqondaT qvebi: saSen masalad gamoyenebis mizniT, ris Sedegadac droTa ganmavlobaSi yorRani daudablebiaT.
yorRanis bolos, saxnav miwebSi, samxreT-dasavleTiT, oTx adgilas aris momcro zomis deformaciaqmnili
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yorRanebi, romlebsac Crdilo-dasavleTiT esazRvreba `sasaxlis miwebi~, sadac darCenilia mamamze erisTavis sasaxlis nangrevebi da, glexebis ganmartebiT, am miwis saxelic aqedan warmosdgeba.
TviT `WinWra gora~ da mis maxloblad mdebare yor-Ranebi ganlagebulia sof. arcevis dasavleTiT, baR-ve-naxebis qvemoT, romlebic sazRvraven sof. arcevis da sof. qveSis mamulebis mijnas. `WinWra goras~ yorRanis simaRle, dedamiwis zedapiridan, daaxloebiT unda udrides _ 1 m-s, xolo diametri ki _ 30 m-s. yorRani SuagulSi erTgan CaRrmavebulia, radganac aqedan qve-bi uzidiaT glexebs. Cven gvainteresebda, rom mogvenaxa yorRanis zedapiruli masala, magram garda obsidianis natexebisa, veraferi vnaxeT.
sof. qveSi
nuca iosebis asul qoniaSvilTan erTad mgzavrobisas, SemTxveviT, saubris dros Cven SevityveT, rom `urwyave-bis~ Cazneqil miwebSi, plantaJis dros, 1941 wlis martSi gamoCnda akldamebi, saidanac vano caciaSvilma wamoiRo Tixis patara WurWeli. es cnoba Cven sof. qveSSi ar gagvaxsenda da Seumowmebeli dagvrCa.
sof. qveSSi cxovrobs sof. vildidan Camosuli arsen dimitris Ze eliauris ojaxi. Tbilisidan gorSi mgza-vrobis dros arsen eliaurma Cven gviambo: `1930 wels glexebTan viyavi mexreT guTanze. xvnis dros Cven vi-poveT spilenZis didi qvabi~, _ romelic idga, eliau-ris TqmiT, _ `Tixis cilindrul sadgamebze~. aqve maT ipoves brinjaos mogrZo, joxiseburi milebi _ 3 cali da frinvelis qandakeba, romelic eliauris aRweriT, _ Tavisi gamosaxulebiT mogvagonebs ixvis qandakebas. es nivTebi arsenis mamas, dimitris wauRia saxlSi, ris Semdegac qvabi gadaukeTebiaT, xolo milebi da `ixvis~ qandakeba SeunaxiaT. wels SemTxveviT quCaSi Segvxvda
arsen eliauri TbilisSi, sadac igi muSaobs qarxanaSi da Segvpirda: `roca waval vildaSi, maSin Camovitan am nivTebs da muzeumSi gadmogcemT~. es cnoba sof. qveSSi davamowmeT arsenis rZalTan da umcrosi Zmis Semweo-biT SevityveT, rom, marTlac, es nivTebi arsens Senaxu-li hqonia sof. vildaSi, sadac qmris sikvdilis Semdeg wasula maTi deda da iq, mTaSi imyofeba, romelTanac arsens datovebuli aqvs zemoT aRwerili nivTebi.
Cven gvindoda wavsuliyaviT sof. vildaSi da imave dros Segveswavla md. mejudis xeobis zemo welis sxva dasaxlebul adgilebSi arsebuli arqeologiuri mniSvn-elobis gamosamJRavnebeli Zeglebi, magram drois uqon-lobis da uamindobis gamo gadawyvetileba SevcvaleT da md. mejudis xeobis qvemo welis marjvena napirze mdebare soflebSi ama Tu im Zeglebis gamorkveva ganviz-raxeT, romelTa ricxvSi sof. qveSic Sedioda.
Cven, sof. xelTubnidan daviwyeT svlis gezi, md. mej-udis dinebis sawinaaRmdegod, e. i. TandaTanobiT zeviT wavediT, tirifonis velis gamourkveveli adgilebis Sesaswavlad da mis zemoT mosazRvre patara xeobebis daTvalierebis mizniT, rogoricaa: md. xurvaleTis xeo-ba, md. berSoulas xeoba, romelTa Semovlis Semdeg gad-movediT sof. RrduleTs da iqidan siganeze gamovyeviT soflebs _ tirifonis velis Tavze gadmovliT _ sof. qecxuramdis, saidanac avediT md. mejudis xeobaSi mde-bare sof. did RromSi. am sofelSi dazvervis Semdeg gvindoda wavsuliyaviT zemoT, magram ukan gamovbrun-diT da varCieT md. mejudis qveda welis da misi marcxe-na frTis maxloblad arsebuli adgilebis da soflebis gamorkveva, rogoricaa _ sof. flavismanis midgmamdis mdebare soflebi md. arceulas xeobaSi: arcevi, ikor-Ta, ialbuzi, Cxareula; sof. flavismanis Tavze mde-bare soflebi: qarqianT kari, valianT kari da sxva. am soflebidan roca vbrundebodiT, TviT sof. val-ianT karidan, gzaze Cemi yuradReba miipyro Zalze maR-la azidulma `gorakma~, romlis daTvalierebam da iq
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yorRanebi, romlebsac Crdilo-dasavleTiT esazRvreba `sasaxlis miwebi~, sadac darCenilia mamamze erisTavis sasaxlis nangrevebi da, glexebis ganmartebiT, am miwis saxelic aqedan warmosdgeba.
TviT `WinWra gora~ da mis maxloblad mdebare yor-Ranebi ganlagebulia sof. arcevis dasavleTiT, baR-ve-naxebis qvemoT, romlebic sazRvraven sof. arcevis da sof. qveSis mamulebis mijnas. `WinWra goras~ yorRanis simaRle, dedamiwis zedapiridan, daaxloebiT unda udrides _ 1 m-s, xolo diametri ki _ 30 m-s. yorRani SuagulSi erTgan CaRrmavebulia, radganac aqedan qve-bi uzidiaT glexebs. Cven gvainteresebda, rom mogvenaxa yorRanis zedapiruli masala, magram garda obsidianis natexebisa, veraferi vnaxeT.
sof. qveSi
nuca iosebis asul qoniaSvilTan erTad mgzavrobisas, SemTxveviT, saubris dros Cven SevityveT, rom `urwyave-bis~ Cazneqil miwebSi, plantaJis dros, 1941 wlis martSi gamoCnda akldamebi, saidanac vano caciaSvilma wamoiRo Tixis patara WurWeli. es cnoba Cven sof. qveSSi ar gagvaxsenda da Seumowmebeli dagvrCa.
sof. qveSSi cxovrobs sof. vildidan Camosuli arsen dimitris Ze eliauris ojaxi. Tbilisidan gorSi mgza-vrobis dros arsen eliaurma Cven gviambo: `1930 wels glexebTan viyavi mexreT guTanze. xvnis dros Cven vi-poveT spilenZis didi qvabi~, _ romelic idga, eliau-ris TqmiT, _ `Tixis cilindrul sadgamebze~. aqve maT ipoves brinjaos mogrZo, joxiseburi milebi _ 3 cali da frinvelis qandakeba, romelic eliauris aRweriT, _ Tavisi gamosaxulebiT mogvagonebs ixvis qandakebas. es nivTebi arsenis mamas, dimitris wauRia saxlSi, ris Semdegac qvabi gadaukeTebiaT, xolo milebi da `ixvis~ qandakeba SeunaxiaT. wels SemTxveviT quCaSi Segvxvda
arsen eliauri TbilisSi, sadac igi muSaobs qarxanaSi da Segvpirda: `roca waval vildaSi, maSin Camovitan am nivTebs da muzeumSi gadmogcemT~. es cnoba sof. qveSSi davamowmeT arsenis rZalTan da umcrosi Zmis Semweo-biT SevityveT, rom, marTlac, es nivTebi arsens Senaxu-li hqonia sof. vildaSi, sadac qmris sikvdilis Semdeg wasula maTi deda da iq, mTaSi imyofeba, romelTanac arsens datovebuli aqvs zemoT aRwerili nivTebi.
Cven gvindoda wavsuliyaviT sof. vildaSi da imave dros Segveswavla md. mejudis xeobis zemo welis sxva dasaxlebul adgilebSi arsebuli arqeologiuri mniSvn-elobis gamosamJRavnebeli Zeglebi, magram drois uqon-lobis da uamindobis gamo gadawyvetileba SevcvaleT da md. mejudis xeobis qvemo welis marjvena napirze mdebare soflebSi ama Tu im Zeglebis gamorkveva ganviz-raxeT, romelTa ricxvSi sof. qveSic Sedioda.
Cven, sof. xelTubnidan daviwyeT svlis gezi, md. mej-udis dinebis sawinaaRmdegod, e. i. TandaTanobiT zeviT wavediT, tirifonis velis gamourkveveli adgilebis Sesaswavlad da mis zemoT mosazRvre patara xeobebis daTvalierebis mizniT, rogoricaa: md. xurvaleTis xeo-ba, md. berSoulas xeoba, romelTa Semovlis Semdeg gad-movediT sof. RrduleTs da iqidan siganeze gamovyeviT soflebs _ tirifonis velis Tavze gadmovliT _ sof. qecxuramdis, saidanac avediT md. mejudis xeobaSi mde-bare sof. did RromSi. am sofelSi dazvervis Semdeg gvindoda wavsuliyaviT zemoT, magram ukan gamovbrun-diT da varCieT md. mejudis qveda welis da misi marcxe-na frTis maxloblad arsebuli adgilebis da soflebis gamorkveva, rogoricaa _ sof. flavismanis midgmamdis mdebare soflebi md. arceulas xeobaSi: arcevi, ikor-Ta, ialbuzi, Cxareula; sof. flavismanis Tavze mde-bare soflebi: qarqianT kari, valianT kari da sxva. am soflebidan roca vbrundebodiT, TviT sof. val-ianT karidan, gzaze Cemi yuradReba miipyro Zalze maR-la azidulma `gorakma~, romlis daTvalierebam da iq
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Segrovilma arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis zedapirulma masalam daadastura iq yorRanis arseboba. es yorRani, radganac teritorialurad mdebareobs arcevis sasof-lo, kolmeurneobis saxnavi miwis gverdiT, amitom miva-kuTvne sof. arcevs da win movixsenie.
xsenebuli yorRanidan wamoRebuli arqeologiuri masala, Tavisi saxiT, eTanabreba staliniris da zemo niqozs Soris mdebare yorRanis, `nacargoras~ zeda-pirze Cem mier Sekrebil keramikul masalas, romlebic xnovanebis mxriv erTmaneTTan axlos unda idgnen da warmoadgendes erTi da imave kulturis mqone yor-Ranebs. Cven mier aRmoCenili iqna agreTve iqve, `xevSi~, romelic Camoudis yorRans aRmosavleT-dasavleTisken, `niadagisZira~ samarxebis nakvalevi, romlebic unda iyos dangreuli aq movardnili niaRvrebis dros. Cven aqac SevkribeT ramdenime WurWlis gverdis fragmentebi da qoTnis yurebi, romlebic daaxloebiT ekuTvnis Sua brinjaos epoqas.
sof. qveSSi yofnis Semdeg, miuxedavad amindis Secvlisa /wvima daiwyo 24 noembers/, mainc gadavwyviteT wavsuliyavi md. mejudis dinebis marjvniv darCenili adgilebis dasazverad da amiT, arqeologiuri Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, sruli warmodgena da Sexeduleba gvqo-niyo md. mejudis qvemo welis auzis Sesaxeb. aqedan ga-momdinare, gavagrZeleT gza da gavyeviT mindors sof. cicagianT karisaken. gzadagza veZebdiT yorRanul samar-xebs da sxva Zeglebs, magram araferi ar Segvxvedria.
Cven CavediT sof. cicagianTkarSi da glexebs gam-ovkiTxeT aRmoCenaTa Sesaxeb, magram uSedego pasuxi miviReT yvelasagan. aqedan wavediT qvemoT, sof. Tor-tizisaken. Cven iq gavediT md. mejudaSi, mis meore mx-areze, raTa dagveTvalierebina mdinaris maxloblad mdebare `amaRlebis~ eklesia. mis gverdiT aris sasa-flao, sadac daculia e.w. `goraki~, romelic, Cveni azriT, unda iyos yorRanuli samarxi da mosaxleobas
gamouyenebia rogorc sasaflao adgili Tavisi micvale-bulebisTvis.
sof. TortizaSi Cven gavaTieT Rame kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris, simon berZniSvilis saxlSi, maTTan visau-breT da gamovkiTxeT, maT sofelSi adgili hqonia Tu ara arqeologiuri Rirebulebis mqone, raime nivTebis SemTxveviT gamovlenas, magram gamoirkva, rom aseTi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb araferi ician. aqedan, meore dRes, 25 noembers gavemgzavreT sof. qvemo rexisken.
sof. qvemo rexa
sof. qvemo rexaSi aris eklesia, romelic iwodeba `RvTiSoblis~ samlocvelod. aq aris ramdenime safla-vis qva, saintereso Tavisi epitafiebis mxriv, romlebic CaviwereT da Semdeg aqac movaxdineT dakiTxvebi. kol-meurneobis Tavmjdomare Cven Tavad gamogvyva e. w. `Wao-bis miwisken~, romlis gverdiT, e. i. sof. berbukisaken mi-maval saurme gzis maxloblad, mdebareobs mosaxleobis mier `gorakad~ wodebuli, borcvis saxis, elifsoidis moyvanilobis maRlobi, romelic, Cveni azriT, agreTve unda iyos yorRanuli samarxi, romelic simaRliT unda iyos daaxloebiT 2 metri, diametriT ki _ 40 metri. sof. qvemo rexidan CamovediT sof. berbuks.
sof. berbuki
soflis saxelwodeba _ `berbuki~ unda warmosdge-bodes `ber-Ta buki~-dan. sofeli mdebareobiT ganlage-bulia maRlobze, romelic warmoadgens zegans da aqeT-iqidan, garSemo artyia dacemuli vake-mindvrebi, sadac soflis maxloblad gaSenebulia baR-venaxebi. aq glexebi xSirad pouloben Rvinis did qvevrebs, rac migviTiTebs, rom am adgilebSi ZvelTaganve mevenaxeobas TvalsaCino adgili sWeria soflis meurneobaSi.
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Segrovilma arqeologiuri mniSvnelobis zedapirulma masalam daadastura iq yorRanis arseboba. es yorRani, radganac teritorialurad mdebareobs arcevis sasof-lo, kolmeurneobis saxnavi miwis gverdiT, amitom miva-kuTvne sof. arcevs da win movixsenie.
xsenebuli yorRanidan wamoRebuli arqeologiuri masala, Tavisi saxiT, eTanabreba staliniris da zemo niqozs Soris mdebare yorRanis, `nacargoras~ zeda-pirze Cem mier Sekrebil keramikul masalas, romlebic xnovanebis mxriv erTmaneTTan axlos unda idgnen da warmoadgendes erTi da imave kulturis mqone yor-Ranebs. Cven mier aRmoCenili iqna agreTve iqve, `xevSi~, romelic Camoudis yorRans aRmosavleT-dasavleTisken, `niadagisZira~ samarxebis nakvalevi, romlebic unda iyos dangreuli aq movardnili niaRvrebis dros. Cven aqac SevkribeT ramdenime WurWlis gverdis fragmentebi da qoTnis yurebi, romlebic daaxloebiT ekuTvnis Sua brinjaos epoqas.
sof. qveSSi yofnis Semdeg, miuxedavad amindis Secvlisa /wvima daiwyo 24 noembers/, mainc gadavwyviteT wavsuliyavi md. mejudis dinebis marjvniv darCenili adgilebis dasazverad da amiT, arqeologiuri Seswavlis TvalsazrisiT, sruli warmodgena da Sexeduleba gvqo-niyo md. mejudis qvemo welis auzis Sesaxeb. aqedan ga-momdinare, gavagrZeleT gza da gavyeviT mindors sof. cicagianT karisaken. gzadagza veZebdiT yorRanul samar-xebs da sxva Zeglebs, magram araferi ar Segvxvedria.
Cven CavediT sof. cicagianTkarSi da glexebs gam-ovkiTxeT aRmoCenaTa Sesaxeb, magram uSedego pasuxi miviReT yvelasagan. aqedan wavediT qvemoT, sof. Tor-tizisaken. Cven iq gavediT md. mejudaSi, mis meore mx-areze, raTa dagveTvalierebina mdinaris maxloblad mdebare `amaRlebis~ eklesia. mis gverdiT aris sasa-flao, sadac daculia e.w. `goraki~, romelic, Cveni azriT, unda iyos yorRanuli samarxi da mosaxleobas
gamouyenebia rogorc sasaflao adgili Tavisi micvale-bulebisTvis.
sof. TortizaSi Cven gavaTieT Rame kolmeurneobis Tavmjdomaris, simon berZniSvilis saxlSi, maTTan visau-breT da gamovkiTxeT, maT sofelSi adgili hqonia Tu ara arqeologiuri Rirebulebis mqone, raime nivTebis SemTxveviT gamovlenas, magram gamoirkva, rom aseTi SemTxvevis Sesaxeb araferi ician. aqedan, meore dRes, 25 noembers gavemgzavreT sof. qvemo rexisken.
sof. qvemo rexa
sof. qvemo rexaSi aris eklesia, romelic iwodeba `RvTiSoblis~ samlocvelod. aq aris ramdenime safla-vis qva, saintereso Tavisi epitafiebis mxriv, romlebic CaviwereT da Semdeg aqac movaxdineT dakiTxvebi. kol-meurneobis Tavmjdomare Cven Tavad gamogvyva e. w. `Wao-bis miwisken~, romlis gverdiT, e. i. sof. berbukisaken mi-maval saurme gzis maxloblad, mdebareobs mosaxleobis mier `gorakad~ wodebuli, borcvis saxis, elifsoidis moyvanilobis maRlobi, romelic, Cveni azriT, agreTve unda iyos yorRanuli samarxi, romelic simaRliT unda iyos daaxloebiT 2 metri, diametriT ki _ 40 metri. sof. qvemo rexidan CamovediT sof. berbuks.
sof. berbuki
soflis saxelwodeba _ `berbuki~ unda warmosdge-bodes `ber-Ta buki~-dan. sofeli mdebareobiT ganlage-bulia maRlobze, romelic warmoadgens zegans da aqeT-iqidan, garSemo artyia dacemuli vake-mindvrebi, sadac soflis maxloblad gaSenebulia baR-venaxebi. aq glexebi xSirad pouloben Rvinis did qvevrebs, rac migviTiTebs, rom am adgilebSi ZvelTaganve mevenaxeobas TvalsaCino adgili sWeria soflis meurneobaSi.
64 65
TviT sof. berbuki amJamad SeerTebulia q. gorTan, magram unda vifiqroT, rom warsulSi is qalaqidan daSorebuli iyo didi baRebiT da venaxebiT. saxel-dobr aq vin cxovrobdnen _ ar viciT. amaSi SeiZle-ba gaverkvioT mxolod misi saxelwodebis mixedviT: es adgilebi, rogorc q. gorTan axlo mdebare, SeiZleba ekuTvnoda goris saeklesio wodebas da am adgilas iyo gaxsnili sasuliero eklesia-monasteri, sadac cxov-robdnen berad aRkvecilni; radganac maRali adgili iyo, `wirvis~, `locvis~, dResaswaulis an `ubedurebis Jams~ aqedan bukiT uxmobdnen axlo mcxovreblebs da gorelebs, raTa mosuliyvnen da Segroviliyvnen. aseTi wesi Semonaxuli iyo TviT mTian adgilebSi _ magaliT-ad: svaneTSi bukiT amcnobdnen raime SemTxvevis dros, raTa erT adgilze Sekrebiliyvnen mcxovreblebi; aseve, dResac daculia aseTi liTonis bukebi uzbekistanis zogierT adgilebSi; saqarTvelos muzeumis svaneTis eT-nografiis gamofenaze erTi aseTi liTonis buki aris warmodgenili.
berebi rom marTlac aq, sof. berbukSi cxovrebulan, TviT sityva `ber-buki~-s TavsarTi migviTiTebs.
sof. berbukSi, sof. qvemo rexis mimarTulebiT, sof-lis TavSi aris erTi momrgvalebuli, didi da dabali saxis borcvi, romelic, Cveni azriT, agreTve yorRanu-li samarxi unda iyos.
sofel berbukSi Cven didxans ar davrCenilvarT, radgan amindi xels ar gviwyobda da q. gors CamovediT imave dRes.
sergo nadimaSvili
1943 wlis 25/XII.
Sergo Nadimashvili
The archaeological Sites of kartliSummary
The Selected Works „The Archaeological Sites of Kartli“ consist of
T_ „What are Barrows and The Aim
“
Mr. Sergo Nadimashvili started his career thanks to Academician _
The following archaeological sites had been discovered by Mr. S. Nad
„ “ _ the ancient cemetery of Tkviavi vil
„Natsargora“ _ the
Mr. S. Nadimashvili discovered a lot of archaeological sites (from the _
-
64 65
TviT sof. berbuki amJamad SeerTebulia q. gorTan, magram unda vifiqroT, rom warsulSi is qalaqidan daSorebuli iyo didi baRebiT da venaxebiT. saxel-dobr aq vin cxovrobdnen _ ar viciT. amaSi SeiZle-ba gaverkvioT mxolod misi saxelwodebis mixedviT: es adgilebi, rogorc q. gorTan axlo mdebare, SeiZleba ekuTvnoda goris saeklesio wodebas da am adgilas iyo gaxsnili sasuliero eklesia-monasteri, sadac cxov-robdnen berad aRkvecilni; radganac maRali adgili iyo, `wirvis~, `locvis~, dResaswaulis an `ubedurebis Jams~ aqedan bukiT uxmobdnen axlo mcxovreblebs da gorelebs, raTa mosuliyvnen da Segroviliyvnen. aseTi wesi Semonaxuli iyo TviT mTian adgilebSi _ magaliT-ad: svaneTSi bukiT amcnobdnen raime SemTxvevis dros, raTa erT adgilze Sekrebiliyvnen mcxovreblebi; aseve, dResac daculia aseTi liTonis bukebi uzbekistanis zogierT adgilebSi; saqarTvelos muzeumis svaneTis eT-nografiis gamofenaze erTi aseTi liTonis buki aris warmodgenili.
berebi rom marTlac aq, sof. berbukSi cxovrebulan, TviT sityva `ber-buki~-s TavsarTi migviTiTebs.
sof. berbukSi, sof. qvemo rexis mimarTulebiT, sof-lis TavSi aris erTi momrgvalebuli, didi da dabali saxis borcvi, romelic, Cveni azriT, agreTve yorRanu-li samarxi unda iyos.
sofel berbukSi Cven didxans ar davrCenilvarT, radgan amindi xels ar gviwyobda da q. gors CamovediT imave dRes.
sergo nadimaSvili
1943 wlis 25/XII.
Sergo Nadimashvili
The archaeological Sites of kartliSummary
The Selected Works „The Archaeological Sites of Kartli“ consist of
T_ „What are Barrows and The Aim
“
Mr. Sergo Nadimashvili started his career thanks to Academician _
The following archaeological sites had been discovered by Mr. S. Nad
„ “ _ the ancient cemetery of Tkviavi vil
„Natsargora“ _ the
Mr. S. Nadimashvili discovered a lot of archaeological sites (from the _
-
66 67
„ “
9.
„Archaeological Sites of Kartli“.
9 I. S. Nadimashvili _ The Archaeological excavations one of the ancient abandoned settlement „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli Region, South Osetia and Trialeti in 1956 (theses).II. S. Nadimashvili - Archaeological excavations of the ancient abandoned village „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli _ III session at Gori State Historical - Ethnographical Museum, the work plan and theses. Gori, 1961, pp. 15-19.III. Sh. Amiranashvili, S. Nadimashvili - The results of the archaeological expedition of the ancient abandoned village „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli in 1956-60 The results of the archaeological researches conducted in Georgia in 1960, the work plan. Tbilisi, 1961, pp. 18-19.IV. Sh. Amiranashvili, S. Nadimashvili. The results of the archaeological expedition of the ancient abandoned village „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli in 1961 (theses). The brief summary of the sessions held in 1962 at the Institute for History of the Academy of Science of Georgian SSR. Tbilisi, 1962, pp. 12-15.
bibliografia sergo nadimaSvilis Sesaxeb
1. c. abesaZe _ liTonis warmoeba amierkavkasiaSi Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi. Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 19, 50, 103, 106.
2. a. afaqiZe _ qarTuli arqeologiuri terminologi-is masalebi. masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis ar-qeologiisaTvis, IV. Tb., 1965, gv. 160, 164.
3. i. berZniSvili _ goris cixe. 1960, gv. 11.
4. g. gobejiSvili _ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi sabWoTa saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1952, gv. 46.
5. i. gZeliSvili _ xadikis yorRani. saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, t. XI. Tb., 1950, gv. 697.
6. margarita lorTqifaniZe _ Zveli saqarTvelos gliptikuri Zeglebis korpusi. Tb., 1969, gv. 19, 156.
7. e. maisuraZe _ oTxi weli Weqa-quxilSi. Tb., 1977, gv. 212-215, 257, 269, 274.
8. s. makalaTia _ tyviavis yorRanuli samarxebis ar-qeologiuri gaTxrebi. Tb., 1943, gv. 10, 11.
9. s. makalaTia _ dvanis nekropolis arqeologiuri gaTxrebi. Tb., 1948, gv. 6.
10. i. megreliZe _ didi liaxvis xeobis siZveleebi da maTi warwerebi. Tbilisi-staliniri, 1957 w. staliniris saxelmwifo pedagogiuri institutis Sromebi III. 1957, gv. 232-234.
11. i. megreliZe _ siZveleebi liaxvis xeobaSi. Tb., 1984, gv. 14, 22, 23, 50, 162.
12. j. nadiraZe _ mziT anTebuli aTaswleulebi. Tb., 1989, gv. 67.
13. avtorTa jgufi, redaqtori akad. giorgi meliqiS-vili _ saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, tomi I, _ saqarTvelo uZvelesi xanidan axali welTaRricx-vis IV saukunemde. Tb., 1970, gv. 156, 179, 182.
66 67
„ “
9.
„Archaeological Sites of Kartli“.
9 I. S. Nadimashvili _ The Archaeological excavations one of the ancient abandoned settlement „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli Region, South Osetia and Trialeti in 1956 (theses).II. S. Nadimashvili - Archaeological excavations of the ancient abandoned village „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli _ III session at Gori State Historical - Ethnographical Museum, the work plan and theses. Gori, 1961, pp. 15-19.III. Sh. Amiranashvili, S. Nadimashvili - The results of the archaeological expedition of the ancient abandoned village „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli in 1956-60 The results of the archaeological researches conducted in Georgia in 1960, the work plan. Tbilisi, 1961, pp. 18-19.IV. Sh. Amiranashvili, S. Nadimashvili. The results of the archaeological expedition of the ancient abandoned village „Gudabertka-Tsikhiagora“ of Shida kartli in 1961 (theses). The brief summary of the sessions held in 1962 at the Institute for History of the Academy of Science of Georgian SSR. Tbilisi, 1962, pp. 12-15.
bibliografia sergo nadimaSvilis Sesaxeb
1. c. abesaZe _ liTonis warmoeba amierkavkasiaSi Zv. w. III aTaswleulSi. Tbilisi, 1969, gv. 19, 50, 103, 106.
2. a. afaqiZe _ qarTuli arqeologiuri terminologi-is masalebi. masalebi saqarTvelos da kavkasiis ar-qeologiisaTvis, IV. Tb., 1965, gv. 160, 164.
3. i. berZniSvili _ goris cixe. 1960, gv. 11.
4. g. gobejiSvili _ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi sabWoTa saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1952, gv. 46.
5. i. gZeliSvili _ xadikis yorRani. saqarTvelos ssr mecnierebaTa akademiis moambe, t. XI. Tb., 1950, gv. 697.
6. margarita lorTqifaniZe _ Zveli saqarTvelos gliptikuri Zeglebis korpusi. Tb., 1969, gv. 19, 156.
7. e. maisuraZe _ oTxi weli Weqa-quxilSi. Tb., 1977, gv. 212-215, 257, 269, 274.
8. s. makalaTia _ tyviavis yorRanuli samarxebis ar-qeologiuri gaTxrebi. Tb., 1943, gv. 10, 11.
9. s. makalaTia _ dvanis nekropolis arqeologiuri gaTxrebi. Tb., 1948, gv. 6.
10. i. megreliZe _ didi liaxvis xeobis siZveleebi da maTi warwerebi. Tbilisi-staliniri, 1957 w. staliniris saxelmwifo pedagogiuri institutis Sromebi III. 1957, gv. 232-234.
11. i. megreliZe _ siZveleebi liaxvis xeobaSi. Tb., 1984, gv. 14, 22, 23, 50, 162.
12. j. nadiraZe _ mziT anTebuli aTaswleulebi. Tb., 1989, gv. 67.
13. avtorTa jgufi, redaqtori akad. giorgi meliqiS-vili _ saqarTvelos istoriis narkvevebi, tomi I, _ saqarTvelo uZvelesi xanidan axali welTaRricx-vis IV saukunemde. Tb., 1970, gv. 156, 179, 182.
68 69
14. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akad. korneli kekeliZis xelnawerTa instituti _ goris saxelm-wifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. Tb., 2002, gv. 4.
15. v. siWinava _ masalebi mevenaxeobis da meRvineobis istoriisaTvis saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1960, gv. 32.
16. g. fxakaZe _ qvemo qarTlis eneoliTi. kikeTis eneo-liTuri Zeglebi. Tb., 1963, gv. 8, 64.
17. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi III. Tb., 1978, gv. 229, 290.
18. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi XI. Tb., 1987, gv. 481.
19. qarTuli enciklopediis saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis ZeglTa aRweriloba 5 _ goris, kaspis, mcxeTis, qarelis, xaSuris raionebi. Tb., 1990, gv. 83, 398, 468.
20. d. qoriZe _ Tbilisis arqeologiuri Zeglebi. Tb., 1955, gv. 33, 123.
21. t. CubiniSvili _ `amiranis gora~, masalebi mesx-eT-javaxeTis uZvelesi istoriisaTvis. Tb., 1963, gv. 111.
22. t. CubiniSvili _ mtkvrisa da araqsis ormdinareTis uZvelesi kultura. Tb., 1965, gv. 142-145.
23. l. WilaSvili _ qalaqebi feodalur saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1968, gv. 75, 136.
24. o. jafariZe _ liTonis warmoebis adreuli safexu-ri saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1955, gv. 20, 24, 25.
25. o. jafariZe _ qarTveli tomebis istoriisaTvis li-Tonis warmoebis adreul safexurze. Tb., 1961, gv. 11-12, 22, 26, 50, 53, 55, 60, 65, 75, 87, 96.
26. o. jafariZe _ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi TrialeTSi, qarTveli tomebis istoriisaTvis Zv. w. II aTaswleulSi. Tb., 1969, gv. 126.
27
68 69
14. saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akad. korneli kekeliZis xelnawerTa instituti _ goris saxelm-wifo istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumis qarTul xelnawerTa aRweriloba. Tb., 2002, gv. 4.
15. v. siWinava _ masalebi mevenaxeobis da meRvineobis istoriisaTvis saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1960, gv. 32.
16. g. fxakaZe _ qvemo qarTlis eneoliTi. kikeTis eneo-liTuri Zeglebi. Tb., 1963, gv. 8, 64.
17. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi III. Tb., 1978, gv. 229, 290.
18. qarTuli sabWoTa enciklopedia, tomi XI. Tb., 1987, gv. 481.
19. qarTuli enciklopediis saqarTvelos istoriisa da kulturis ZeglTa aRweriloba 5 _ goris, kaspis, mcxeTis, qarelis, xaSuris raionebi. Tb., 1990, gv. 83, 398, 468.
20. d. qoriZe _ Tbilisis arqeologiuri Zeglebi. Tb., 1955, gv. 33, 123.
21. t. CubiniSvili _ `amiranis gora~, masalebi mesx-eT-javaxeTis uZvelesi istoriisaTvis. Tb., 1963, gv. 111.
22. t. CubiniSvili _ mtkvrisa da araqsis ormdinareTis uZvelesi kultura. Tb., 1965, gv. 142-145.
23. l. WilaSvili _ qalaqebi feodalur saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1968, gv. 75, 136.
24. o. jafariZe _ liTonis warmoebis adreuli safexu-ri saqarTveloSi. Tb., 1955, gv. 20, 24, 25.
25. o. jafariZe _ qarTveli tomebis istoriisaTvis li-Tonis warmoebis adreul safexurze. Tb., 1961, gv. 11-12, 22, 26, 50, 53, 55, 60, 65, 75, 87, 96.
26. o. jafariZe _ arqeologiuri gaTxrebi TrialeTSi, qarTveli tomebis istoriisaTvis Zv. w. II aTaswleulSi. Tb., 1969, gv. 126.
27
70 71
periodika
1. g. zaqaraia _ goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi. gazeTi `komunisti~: Tbilisi, 1955 w. N 195 /10281/, gv. 3.
2. f. janaSvili _ qarTuli kulturis saTaveebTan, goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi.
gazeTi `stalineli~: q. gori 1955 w., 9. IX, 178 /3189/.
. S. varZelaSvili _ istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi. gazeTi `stalineli~: q. gori, 1959 w., 7. VII,
132 /4166/.
. „“
. „ “
fotosuraTebi s. nadimaSvilis piradi arqividan
goris pedagogiuri institutis studentebi da TanamSromlebi mcxeTaSi, `bebris cixeze~, 1938 w.meore rigSi, marcxnidan meore: prof. sergi makalaTia; meoTxe rigSi, marjvnidan pirveli: sergo nadimaSvili.
70 71
periodika
1. g. zaqaraia _ goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi. gazeTi `komunisti~: Tbilisi, 1955 w. N 195 /10281/, gv. 3.
2. f. janaSvili _ qarTuli kulturis saTaveebTan, goris istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi.
gazeTi `stalineli~: q. gori 1955 w., 9. IX, 178 /3189/.
. S. varZelaSvili _ istoriul-eTnografiul muzeumSi. gazeTi `stalineli~: q. gori, 1959 w., 7. VII,
132 /4166/.
. „“
. „ “
fotosuraTebi s. nadimaSvilis piradi arqividan
goris pedagogiuri institutis studentebi da TanamSromlebi mcxeTaSi, `bebris cixeze~, 1938 w.meore rigSi, marcxnidan meore: prof. sergi makalaTia; meoTxe rigSi, marjvnidan pirveli: sergo nadimaSvili.
72 73
TrialeTis arqeologiuri eqspedicia, sof. avranlo, 1936 w.marcxnidan mesame: akad. boris kuftini; marcxnidan meoTxe: sergo nadimaSvili.
TrialeT
is eqs
pedic
iis s
avel
e raz
mi, 1936 w.
pirvel rig
Si,
marjvnid
an pirveli: raz
mis xel
mZRvaneli
ser
go
nadimaS
vili.
72 73
TrialeTis arqeologiuri eqspedicia, sof. avranlo, 1936 w.marcxnidan mesame: akad. boris kuftini; marcxnidan meoTxe: sergo nadimaSvili.
TrialeT
is eqs
pedic
iis s
avel
e raz
mi, 1936 w.
pirvel rig
Si,
marjvnid
an pirveli: raz
mis xel
mZRvaneli
ser
go
nadimaS
vili.
74 75
TrialeT
is arqeologiu
ri eqspedic
ia. m. ivaSCenko d
a s. nadimaS
vili sof.
sanomerTan axlomd
ebar
e yo
rRanis
gaT
xris
as, 1936 w.
TrialeT
is arqeologiu
ri
eqspedic
ia, 1936w
.
74 75
TrialeT
is arqeologiu
ri eqspedic
ia. m. ivaSCenko d
a s. nadimaS
vili sof.
sanomerTan axlomd
ebar
e yo
rRanis
gaT
xris
as, 1936 w.
TrialeT
is arqeologiu
ri
eqspedic
ia, 1936w
.
76 77
prof. ser
gi
makalaT
ia tyviavis yo
rRan `xar
is goras
~ ar
qeologiu
ri
gaT
xreb
is d
awyebis
as, 1938 w.
tyviavis yorRan `xar
is g
oras
~ gaT
xris
proces
i, 1938 w
.
76 77
prof. ser
gi
makalaT
ia tyviavis yo
rRan `xar
is goras
~ ar
qeologiu
ri
gaT
xreb
is d
awyebis
as, 1938 w.
tyviavis yorRan `xar
is g
oras
~ gaT
xris
proces
i, 1938 w
.
78 79
tyviavis yorRan `xar
is g
oras
~ Wril
i samxeT
iT, 1938 w.
sergo nadimaSvili da sergi makalaTia sof. dvanis samarovanis preparaciis dros, 1945 w.
78 79
tyviavis yorRan `xar
is g
oras
~ Wril
i samxeT
iT, 1938 w.
sergo nadimaSvili da sergi makalaTia sof. dvanis samarovanis preparaciis dros, 1945 w.
80
sarCevi
1. winasityvaobis magier 3
2. akad. n. berZeniSvilis daxasiaTeba 6
3. akad. b. kuftinis daxasiaTeba 9
4. sergo nadimaSvili _
a) ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani 11
b) walkaSi aRmoCenili yorRanebi 17
g) qarTlSi axla aRmoCenili yorRanebi 19
d) tyviavis `Zvel maRlebis yorRanebi~ damaTi aRmoCenis istoria 25
5. sergo nadimaSvili _ 1939 wlis savele arqeologiuri Ziebebis Sedegebi:
a) arqeologiuri dazvervebi md. frones xeobaSi 28
b) arqeologiuri dazevervebi md. Zamis xeobasa da nataxtar-goris gzis mSeneblobaze 36
g) arqeologiuri dazvervebi xaSuris da qarelis raionebSi 41
6. sergo nadimaSvili _ arqeologiuri dazvervebi mdinareebis: mejudis, xurvaleTis, berSoulas da arceulas xeobebSi (1943 wlis arqeologiur ZiebaTa Sedegebi) 45
7.
8. bibliografia sergo nadimaSvilis Sesaxeb 67
9. fotosuraTebi 71
80
sarCevi
1. winasityvaobis magier 3
2. akad. n. berZeniSvilis daxasiaTeba 6
3. akad. b. kuftinis daxasiaTeba 9
4. sergo nadimaSvili _
a) ra aris yorRanebi da maTi Seswavlis mizani 11
b) walkaSi aRmoCenili yorRanebi 17
g) qarTlSi axla aRmoCenili yorRanebi 19
d) tyviavis `Zvel maRlebis yorRanebi~ damaTi aRmoCenis istoria 25
5. sergo nadimaSvili _ 1939 wlis savele arqeologiuri Ziebebis Sedegebi:
a) arqeologiuri dazvervebi md. frones xeobaSi 28
b) arqeologiuri dazevervebi md. Zamis xeobasa da nataxtar-goris gzis mSeneblobaze 36
g) arqeologiuri dazvervebi xaSuris da qarelis raionebSi 41
6. sergo nadimaSvili _ arqeologiuri dazvervebi mdinareebis: mejudis, xurvaleTis, berSoulas da arceulas xeobebSi (1943 wlis arqeologiur ZiebaTa Sedegebi) 45
7.
8. bibliografia sergo nadimaSvilis Sesaxeb 67
9. fotosuraTebi 71
gamomcemeli: q. goris municipalitetis meriissergi makalaTias saxelobis istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi.1400 q. gori kirion II-is q. #12
This Edition Published by Sergi Makalatia Gori Historical-Ethnographical Museum. 12 Kirion II str. Gori 1400 Georgia.
sergo nadimaSvili(1917-2009) daibeWda Sps “si-ji-es“-Si
tiraJi: 400
q. goris sergi makalaTias saxelobis
istoriul-eTnografiuli muzeumi
sergo nadimaSvili
qarTlisarqeologiuri
ZeglebiISBN 978-9941-0-9596-2
9 789941 095962