BULGARIAN NATIONAL BTV SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM, SURVEILLANCE PROGRAM,

FIELD STUDIES 2009and BTV RISK ASSESSMET

regarding EU FP6 -”MEDREONET” Project

SSPE-CT-2006-044285Lisbon, 02-04-th Dec. 2009

NATIONAL DIAGNOSTIC AND RESEARCH VETERINARY MEDICAL INSTITUTE – SOFIA,

BULGARIADEPARTMENT OF “EXOTIC VIRAL DISEASES”DEPARTMENT OF “EXOTIC VIRAL DISEASES”

DEPARTMENT OF “PARAZITOLOGY”

Prof. Dr. G. Georgiev

Prof. Dr. N. Nedelchev

Sen. Res. Lily Polihronova

CLIMATE ZONES IN EUROPE

C. imicola distribution on the Balkans

C. obsoletus distribution on the Balkans

C. pulicaris distribution on the Balkans

Bluetongue outbreaks in Europe to 2009

Restricted areas in Europe 2009 and circulated BT viruses

Bluetongue virus incursions into Europe since 1998

• Genetic analysis of bluetongue viruses isolated in Europe has shown that six types of the virus types of the virus (1, 2, 4, 8, 9 and 16) have entered the region since 1998.

Review of the current BTV situation around Bulgaria

Bluetongue in GREECE (Lesvos) November 2008

• Index case – 03.11.2008• Date outbreak resolved

- 12.03.2009• BTV serotype – 16• Total outbreaks 35• Total outbreaks 35• Source of the

outbreak(s) or origin of infection -Unknown

• No vaccination have been done

BLUETONGUE in Israel-2009

• Start of event - 19/07/2009• BTV serotype – 8• Date event resolved -

31/07/2009Affected animals - Cattle• Affected animals - Cattle

• Total outbreaks -1• No vaccination• Circulated BT viruses in the

country – serotypes 4,8,16

BLUETONGUE IN Italy -September 2009

• Start of event - 12/08/2009

• BTV serotype – 8• Date report submitted to OIE

- 24/09/2009• Province – Piemonte• Province – Piemonte• District - Torino• Affected animals - Cattle• Total outbreaks -1• No vaccination• Circulated BT viruses in the

country – serotypes1,2,4,8,9 and 16

BLUETONGUE IN Algeria -September 2009

• Start of event - 06/09/2009

• BTV serotype – 1• Date report submitted to OIE

- 15/09/2009• Wilaya – Chardaia• Wilaya – Chardaia• Affected animals – sheep

and cattle• Total outbreaks - 6• No vaccination• Circulated BTV serotypes in

the country -1, 2. 4

Risk assessment

• The risk assessment for the penetration of the BTV was assessed accordance to the OIE standard relating to FMD, standard relating to FMD, contained in Chapter 2.1.1. of the International Animal Health Code (Articles 2.1.1.8. and 2.1.1.28).

OIE Import risk analysis model

Hazardidentification

Riskassessment

Riskmanagement

•Release assessment•Exposure assessment

•Consequence assessment

identification assessment management

Risk communication

Risk Assessment/Management

• ��Hazard identification• ��Introduction of disease• ��Release of infectious agent• ��Exposure of susceptible animals• ��Exposure of susceptible animals• ��Density of Small and large Ruminants

• ��Density of wildlife susceptible animals

Sources of risk

• ��Live Animals

• ��Domestic/wildlife

• ��legal/illegal movement• ��legal/illegal movement

• ��Contamination lorries

• ��Diseased/incubating animals

• ��Animal Products

Density of Small Ruminants in a Middle East

Parameters considered in the qualitative risk assessment

• Hazard

• Probability of entry

• Prevalence of the Infection

• Probability of exposure• Probability of exposure

• Volume of trade

• Survival of the pathogen

• The role of wildlife

Animals present in the border provinces of the both countries

• Bulgaria:• Cattle – 671 000 • Sheep - 2.500 000 • Goat - 1.200.000• Goat - 1.200.000• Equide - 195 000

Animals present in Anatolia and in the border province of Turkey - Thrace

• Turkey:• Cattle - 10 700 000• Sheep – 27 000 000• Goats – 7 000 000• Goats – 7 000 000• Camels - 1 000 000• In Thrace:• Cattle – 527 153 • Sheep & Goats - 900 160

Reported BTV outbreaks from 01.04.2009 – 08.09.2009 in Europe

Country Date of the last outbreak

No of outbreaks

Austria 17.07.2009 2

Czech Republic 17.07.2009 2 Czech Republic 17.07.2009 2

France 03.09.2009 45

Portugal 20.08.2009 61

Spain 26.08.2009 101

Switzerland 19.05.2009 8

Total 219

The regions at Risk from incursion of BTV in Bulgaria

Bulgaria animal population:

• Cattle – 671 000

• Sheep - 2.500 000 • Sheep - 2.500 000

• Goat - 1.200.000

• Equide - 195 000

٭٭ According to the National SurveillanceProgram for the control of BT Disease in 2009serum surveillance were performed in 7 sentinelserum-negative animal herds located in Western

Bluetongue Disease National

Surveillance 2009

serum-negative animal herds located in Westernand 12 sentinels in South of Bulgaria.

٭٭ The sentinel animals have to be tested each

30 days for the presence of BTV antibodies.

٭٭ Each sentinel herd consisted of 10 cattle with

individual ear-tags. The settlements with sentinelherds and villages by districts were:

WESTERN BT SENTINELS 2009

• Vidin – Bregovo

• Montana –• Montana –Kopilovtzi

• Sofia – Kalotina

WESTERN BT SENTINELS 2009

• Pernik – Tran

• Kiustendil –Bersin

• Blagoevgrad• Blagoevgrad –Padesh

In order to find antibodies against the common groupantigen of the Bluetongue virus, use was made ofcompetitive ELISA of the company VMRD, USA andINGEZIM, INGENASA, Spain. We took as positive thesamples showing average optical density (∆ OD) that waslower or equal to ∆ OD to the positive control of the kit or

Bluetongue Disease National

Surveillance 2009

lower or equal to ∆ OD to the positive control of the kit orcalculated according to a formula giving as a final resultthe per cent of ELISA reaction inhibition and therespective strength of antibodies in the serum testedagainst the Bluetongue virus. All the samples tested in2008 have been tested in the National Reference BTVLaboratory at the National Diagnostic and ResearchVeterinary Medical Institute – Sofia, belonging to theNVS.

SOUTHETERN BT SENTINELS 2009

• Bourgas–Rezovo, Slivarovo and Belevren

• Yambol –• Yambol –Kraynovo

• Haskovo –Matochina,

Kap. Andreevo and Slavevevo

SOUTHETERN BT SENTINELS 2009

• Kardjali –Devisilovo and Lozengradtzi

• Smolyan –• Smolyan –Zlatograd and Tchepintzi

• Blagoevgrad –Koprivlen and Topolnitza

BTV Serology 2009

SPECIES ORIGIN NUMBER RESULT

BOVIDAE SENTINEL, IMPORT &EXPORT

2253 NEG.EXPORT

OVINAE &CAPRIDAE

SENTINELS,IMPORT& EXPORT

1069 NEG.

OTHERS

Camels,buffaloes and others 18 NEG.

TOTAL 3340 NEG.

EQUPMENT

Culicoides sp. collection

CULICOIDE SURVEILLANCE

ONDESPOORT BLACK LIGHT TRAPS

Light trap ONDERSTEPOORTSouth Africa8W, Black light blue 8W, Black light blue 30cm220 V 50 HZ

CULICOIDES

Male Female

Culicoide Surveillance design

• Fourteenth (14) Ondespoort type black light traps have been positioned after 1-st of April 2009 in Bourgas (2) , Yambol (2), Haskovo positioned after 1-st of April 2009 in Bourgas (2) , Yambol (2), Haskovo (3), Kardjalii (1), Smolyan (1), Blagoevgrad (1), Kiustendil (1), Pernik (1), Kostinbrod (1), Montana (1) districts.

Сентинели

Светлинни ловилки

Conclusions:

C. imicola midges were not detectedand dominating Culicoide speciesand dominating Culicoide specieswere both, C. obsoletus and

C. pulicaris complexes.

Conclusions:

The negative results from the National BTV serology surveillance

program supportedprogram supported

the evidence for absence of active BTV circulation on the whole territory of Bulgaria

during 2009

African Horse Sickness approaches:

• cELISA (Ingenasa, Spain).

• Collaboration with Algete –Spain, EC AHS Ref. Lab.

• Participating in E-QA ring test trial 2008/9 with EC

• Participating in E-QA ring test trial 2008/9 with EC AHS Ref. Lab.

• Confirmation test - RT-PCR

(St. Zientara protocol) and

virus isolation (inoculation in Embryonated eggs).

African Horse Sickness

approaches:

• Based on the current epidemiological situation, Bulgaria do not consider necessary to spend resources on AHS surveillance. Detection based on clinical surveillance. Detection based on clinical suspicion.

• Only the diagnostic rediness will be

supported by CVO.

• The regular participation in Ring trial proficiency testing organized by EC AHS RL in Algete, Spain will be supported as well.

Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease in Cattle (Deer):

• No surveillance program.

• Samples can be tested in Greece in • Samples can be tested in Greece in case of suspicion (agreement with

O. Mangana).

• Planning in future to start testing regarding differential diagnosis with BTV infection in Cattle.

Thank you for your attention !

Happy cow !!!

Fighting Bluetongue Disease Together !!!!!!