Background/Some images and some notes slidesare Background/Some images and some notes slidesare from the Ms. Pojer at historyteacher.netfrom the Ms. Pojer at historyteacher.net

Rome Collapsed in 476 A.DRome Collapsed in 476 A.D

Periods of the Middle Ages Periods of the Middle Ages Periods of the Middle Ages Periods of the Middle Ages

Early Middle Ages: 500 – 1000

High Middle Ages: 1000 – 1250

Late Middle Ages: 1250 - 1500

WHY WAS EUROPE A WHY WAS EUROPE A FRONTIER LAND IN THE FRONTIER LAND IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES? EARLY MIDDLE AGES?

• What is a frontier land? What is a frontier land?

• Location.Location. Europe is a relatively small Europe is a relatively small area, although its impact on the modern area, although its impact on the modern world has been enormous. It lies on the world has been enormous. It lies on the western end of Eurasia.western end of Eurasia.

WHY WAS EUROPE A WHY WAS EUROPE A FRONTIER LAND IN THE FRONTIER LAND IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES? EARLY MIDDLE AGES?

• Resources.Resources. At the time of the Middle At the time of the Middle Ages, Europe had great-untapped Ages, Europe had great-untapped potential. Dense farmland covered potential. Dense farmland covered much of the North, and the region’s rich much of the North, and the region’s rich black earth was better suited for black earth was better suited for farming. farming.

WHY WAS EUROPE A WHY WAS EUROPE A FRONTIER LAND IN THE FRONTIER LAND IN THE EARLY MIDDLE AGES? EARLY MIDDLE AGES?

• The seas that surround much of Europe The seas that surround much of Europe were important to its growth. were important to its growth.

A. FishingA. Fishing

B. TradeB. Trade

C. Exploration of new landsC. Exploration of new lands• Large rivers were ideal for trade. Large rivers were ideal for trade.

Mountain streams fueled the invention of Mountain streams fueled the invention of the water wheel for powering mills. the water wheel for powering mills.

Paving the way for Paving the way for Charlemagne Charlemagne

• Between A.D. 400 and 700, the Germanic Between A.D. 400 and 700, the Germanic tribes carved up Western Europe into small tribes carved up Western Europe into small kingdoms. **The Franks were Powerfulkingdoms. **The Franks were Powerful

• **No real cities or written laws. People lived in **No real cities or written laws. People lived in small communities ruled by kings.small communities ruled by kings.

• Frankish leader Clovis became Catholic. He Frankish leader Clovis became Catholic. He now had the support of the Romans and now had the support of the Romans and church. church.

• 480 Clovis became King of the Franks and 480 Clovis became King of the Franks and conquered the province of Gaul. conquered the province of Gaul.

Paving the way for Paving the way for Charlemagne Charlemagne

• Circa 800 Charlemagne built an empire Circa 800 Charlemagne built an empire reaching across France, Germany, and part reaching across France, Germany, and part of Italy. of Italy.

• The Pope proclaimed him emperor.The Pope proclaimed him emperor.• We now call this the Holy Roman Empire. We now call this the Holy Roman Empire.

He extended the Christian civilization into. He extended the Christian civilization into. • He also set up a strong government that was He also set up a strong government that was

used as an example for medieval rulers. used as an example for medieval rulers. • After his death his empire crumbled.After his death his empire crumbled.

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

Pope Crowned CharlemagnePope Crowned CharlemagneHoly Roman Emperor: Dec. Holy Roman Emperor: Dec.

25, 80025, 800

Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814Charlemagne: 742 to 814

Charlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s EmpireCharlemagne’s Empire

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

Charlemagne’s Empire Charlemagne’s Empire Collapses:Collapses:

Treaty of Verdun, 843Treaty of Verdun, 843

HOW DID INVASIONS EFFECT HOW DID INVASIONS EFFECT THE PEOPLE OF WESTERN THE PEOPLE OF WESTERN

EUROPE?EUROPE?• Attacks by the Vikings, Muslims, and Attacks by the Vikings, Muslims, and

other groups of people, made kings and other groups of people, made kings and emperors too weak to maintain law and emperors too weak to maintain law and order. order.

• People needed a way to defend their People needed a way to defend their homes and lands. homes and lands.

• In response to the basic need for In response to the basic need for protection, a new government started protection, a new government started called Feudalism.called Feudalism.

Europe in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6cEurope in the 6c

FeudalismFeudalismFeudalismFeudalismA political, economic, and social system based on loyalty and military service.

The Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval ManorThe Medieval Manor

Life on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval ManorLife on the Medieval Manor

SerfsSerfs at work at work

MANORIALISMMANORIALISM The land the vassal received was called a The land the vassal received was called a

manor (fief). It included a manor house, manor (fief). It included a manor house, farmland, and a group of peasants. Most farmland, and a group of peasants. Most were serfs. were serfs.

• Each manor was self-sufficient/self Each manor was self-sufficient/self supporting. supporting.

• Raised most of what they needed to Raised most of what they needed to live. live.

• Grew their own food. Grew their own food. • Raised farm animals for food and wool. Raised farm animals for food and wool. • Managed trees for fuel and lumber. Managed trees for fuel and lumber. • **Economic system of the Middle **Economic system of the Middle

Ages** Ages**

MANORIALISM MANORIALISM

• During the Early Middle Ages During the Early Middle Ages towns all but disappeared from towns all but disappeared from Europe. Rome the Largest city of Europe. Rome the Largest city of its time went from 1 million its time went from 1 million people to only a few thousand. people to only a few thousand.

• Around the 10th century, things Around the 10th century, things began to improve and towns and began to improve and towns and trade began to grow.trade began to grow.

The Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian RenaissanceThe Carolingian Renaissance

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

EnglandEngland

The Rise of European The Rise of European Monarchies:Monarchies:

EnglandEngland

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

KNIGHT

SQUIRE

PAGE

The Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to KnighthoodThe Road to Knighthood

Role of a knight

Most important member of the feudal armyMain job was fightingServed his masterDefended Christianity

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

ChivalryChivalry:: A Code of Honor and A Code of Honor and BehaviorBehavior

Chivalry-Honored set of rules sworn to by all knights.Emphasis upon courage, loyalty, devotion to duty, courtesy towards and defense of women, protected the poor, the weak the needy.

Stages of KnighthoodStages of Knighthood

Stage #1 PageStage #1 Page

(age 7+)(age 7+)

Learned to ride a horseLearned to ride a horse

Learned manners Learned manners

Had religious instruction Had religious instruction (learned to read)(learned to read)

Trained in music and dance Trained in music and dance by the ladies of castle.by the ladies of castle.

Stages of KnighthoodStages of Knighthood

Stage #2 SquireStage #2 Squire

(age 12+)(age 12+)

Assisted knightsAssisted knights

Became the lords devoted Became the lords devoted assistantassistant

Took care of armor and weapons Took care of armor and weapons and became skilled in their and became skilled in their use.use.

Helped in tournamentsHelped in tournaments

Stages of KnighthoodStages of Knighthood

Stage #3 KnightStage #3 Knight

(age- when qualified)(age- when qualified)

Knighted by the KingKnighted by the King

HeraldryHeraldry

Heraldry is also called a coat of Heraldry is also called a coat of armsarms

Used as identification on a Used as identification on a knight’s shield during battleknight’s shield during battle

HeraldryHeraldry

What does it mean?

The Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic ChurchThe Medieval Catholic Church

Monastery:

St. Benedict – Benedictine Rule of poverty and obedience.

provided schools for the children of the upper class.

inns, hospitals, refuge in times of war.

libraries & scriptoria to copy books and illuminate manuscripts.

monks missionaries to convert the barbarians. [St. Patrick, St. Boniface]

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

The Power of the Medieval The Power of the Medieval ChurchChurch

bishops and abbots played a large part in the feudal system.

the church controlled about 1/3 of the land in Western Europe.

tried to reduce feudal warfare only 40 days a year for combat.

tithe 1/10 tax on your assets given to the church.

Peter’s Pence 1 penny per person [paid by the peasants].

Role of the ChurchRole of the ChurchInfluenceInfluence

Spread ChristianitySpread ChristianityConverted barbarians to Converted barbarians to

ChristianityChristianityUnified EuropeUnified EuropeMonks saved knowledge from Monks saved knowledge from

past civilizationspast civilizationsIntroduced Roman ideals of Introduced Roman ideals of

government and justicegovernment and justice

Role of the ChurchRole of the ChurchRolesRoles

Government dutiesGovernment dutiesCollected taxes, ran courts, punished Collected taxes, ran courts, punished

criminals, and made lawscriminals, and made lawsEducationEducationmonasteries were centers of learning, monks monasteries were centers of learning, monks

taught reading and writing, preserved taught reading and writing, preserved documents, established schools.documents, established schools.

HospitalsHospitalsCared for the sick and needyCared for the sick and needyInnInnGuest houses were built to accommodate Guest houses were built to accommodate

travelerstravelers

CorruptionCorruption

lack honesty, use of a position of trust for lack honesty, use of a position of trust for dishonest gain.dishonest gain.

• involvement in feudalism led to corruption involvement in feudalism led to corruption and the fall of the church.and the fall of the church.

• Awarded fiefs to wealthy church members. Awarded fiefs to wealthy church members. • Bishops and monks took on the role of Bishops and monks took on the role of

vassals.vassals.• Loyalty of the church was divided between Loyalty of the church was divided between

spiritual duties and economic duties. spiritual duties and economic duties.

A Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s DayA Medieval Monk’s Day

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

A Medieval Monastery: The A Medieval Monastery: The ScriptoriumScriptorium

Illuminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated ManuscriptsIlluminated Manuscripts

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle

Romanesque Architectural Romanesque Architectural StyleStyle Rounded Arches.

Barrel vaults.

Thick walls.

Darker, simplistic interiors.

Small windows, usually at the top of the wall.

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Carcassonne: A Medieval Carcassonne: A Medieval CastleCastle

Parts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval CastleParts of a Medieval Castle

Late Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town DwellingsLate Medieval Town Dwellings

Medieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval TradeMedieval Trade

Medieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval GuildsMedieval Guilds

Guild Guild HallHall

Guild Guild HallHall

Commercial Monopoly:

Controlled membership apprentice journeyman master craftsman

Controlled quality of the product [masterpiece].

Controlled prices

Medieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s ShopMedieval Guilds: A Medieval Guilds: A Goldsmith’s ShopGoldsmith’s Shop

Crest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s GuildCrest of a Cooper’s Guild

• Background/images/some note Background/images/some note slides are from the slides are from the historyteacher.nethistoryteacher.net