The Middle Ages

Dark Ages, Medieval PeriodFrom _______ to _________1066 1485

The Norman Conquest

1) The Norman Conquest took place in ______ at the ____________________. It lasted ______.

2) King _________ of England and Duke ___________ of Normandy (France) both fought over the ______________. Because ______________, the previous king, died without an heir, each thought he had been promised the crown.

3) _______ won.

1066Battle of Hastings, England

1 DAY

Harold WilliamThrone of England

King Edward

William

The Norman Conquest continued

4) This battle had a dramatic effect on English ____________________.

5) The Duke of Normandy, also known as William the ________, did not wish to eliminate the Anglo-Saxons. Instead, he wanted to _____ them.

6) As a result of this wish, the two societies ______ (combined into one).

history, language, and culture

Conquerorrule

merged

The Norman Conquest continued

7) The Normans brought ___________ ability, ______, and cultural _____ to the new society.

8) The Anglo-Saxons brought __________________ tendencies to the new society.

administrative law and orderunity

democratic and artistic

The Norman Conquest continued

9) One of William’s greatest administrative feats was the ____________, an inventory of nearly all English _________ (land, cattle, buildings, etc.). This great achievement made it possible for people to be _____ for the first time in European history.

10) The joining of the Normans with the Anglo-Saxon culture formed a powerful __________entity that brought England into the ________ of European ________.

Domesday Bookproperty

taxed

Anglo-Normanmainstream

civilization

The Norman Conquest continued

11) King William took the holdings of land, cattle, etc. from the fallen _______ landowners and gave these to the __________.

12) These noblemen brought with them the ______________ and a new ___________ called feudalism that displaced the Anglo-Saxon culture described in such writings as ______.

EnglishFrench nobility

French languagesocial system

Beowulf

Feudalism

13) Feudalism involved different kinds of systems: the ____ system, a social ranking based on birth, job; the property system and the _____ system.

14) Feudalism was based on a religious concept of a ________ with ______ being the supreme overlord. Because of this, the people believed that the king was placed into power by_____ and so he was authorized to rule and hold land by __________.

caste

military

hierarchyGod

Goddivine right

Feudalism continued

15) The structure of feudalism can best be visualized as a _______, with God on the top, then the _____, then the knights who owned ______, then the ________ knights, other vassals (those under the protection of a ___________ to whom he has vowed homage and extreme loyalty), and lastly ______. Each person was a vassal to the one above him, for example, the King was a vassal of God and the serf was a vassal of his overlord, the landless knights, the landed knights, the King and God.

16) Each vassal owed economic and/or military _________ to his overlord. Vassals who chose to _______their overlord, or _____ overloads who couldn’t control their people, could cause feudalism to break down.

triangleKing

land landlessfeudal lord serfs

allegiancedisobey

weak

Feudalism continued

17) If the vassals don’t _______their oaths of ______ to their overlords, knights would fight with each other and _________ would prevail.

18) Even with its faults, ________ gave this time period a _________ of form (structure) and ___________ that permeated ____________.

honor loyalty

anarchy

feudalism

social order

manners and artliterature and life

Feudalism continued

19) The primary duty of every male above serf class was a _______________ to his overlord. These males were trained at an early age (from around age 7) to become ________. Not every boy could become a knight, only those whose parents were ________enough to buy him a horse, armor, and weapons. Knights were often the sons of _________.

20) A knight’s education involved instruction in good _________ and ______ skills, such as ________, dancing, and playing ______. He also learned to use a sword and _________ at this time. This training was often very harsh taking place in homes not their own to ensure the _________. At this time, he would be known as a ______.

military obligationwarriors

Rich rich nobles manners

social singingchess shield

strictnesspage

Feudalism continued

21) At around age 14, the young boy would become a ______, a kind of personal servant to the knight. If he completed all the training successfully, the culmination of all this training would result in a ______, a hard ________ to the shoulder, at which time he earns the title of _______ and full rights to the _______ caste.

squire

dubbing testing blowknight

warrior

Feudalism continued

22) The institute of knighthood was based on the feudal idea of ______ and was related to a whole system of ________, the breaking of which could ___________ the knight’s position and the whole __________ of knighthood and government.

loyalty social codesundermine

institution

The Woman’s Place in Medieval Society

23) A peasant woman’s place in medieval society was to do _________________, fieldwork, and bear ____________.

24)A woman of higher status would __________ the house, estate or fieldwork and would bear children.

25)A woman was always subservient to a _____ within or above her social status. That means her husband, her father, her brother or even her ________ when he became an adult.

housework childrensupervise

man

son

The Woman’s Place in Medieval Society continued

26) In this primarily military system, a woman had no ______________ rights.

27)Depending on the social standing of her male (husband, father, etc.), a woman had some degree of __________.

political or property

respect

Chivalry and Courtly Love

28) Chivalry was a system of _______ and social codes that governed behavior of _____________________ (upper class). Chivalry included adhering to one’s ____________ to the overlord, rules of _______ (for example, one would not attack an __________ knight or opponent), and ________________________ to a particular lady for _____________.

29)COURTLY LOVE is holding a lady (usually of a higher class) far above you (on a pedestal) in order to ______ yourself. The belief is that this kind of love ________ you. It is NOT sexual at all; instead it is more _________. It is an _________ attitude toward women, but did little to ___________ their station.

idealsknights and gentlewomen

oath of loyaltywarfare

unarmed reverence (strong adoration)self-improvement

betterpurifies

spiritual idealizedimprove

Chivalry and Courtly Love continued

30)If the boundaries between courtly love and physical love were crossed, it would mean _______________ and _________________. The system of feudal would weaken and ________________.

31)Chivalry was responsible for the form of literature known as _________________________ (a knight on a __________________________).

32)The greatest example of this genre (type) of literature is ________________________________________, from the King Arthur legends.

chaosanarchy collapse

Romancequest

Sir Gawain and the Green Knight

New City Classes

33)While medieval society centered around the feudal ____________________, people began to migrate to _______________________, causing new professions and classes, such as tradesmen and middle class. This eventually would render feudalism _________________________.

34)The new classes that developed were the ___________________________ classes, including the merchant class.

castlecities

obsolete

lower-middle, middle, and upper-middle

New City Classes continued

35)Evidence of each of these classes can be seen in Chaucer’s ____________________________________.

36)This new world was not centered around the castle, but was defined by the ___________________ of the cities (London, Canterbury) and the _________________________ of the people. These people were ___________________ from the land; they were not tied to the castle.

Canterbury Tales

boundariesimagination

free

New City Classes continued

37) The ________________________________ was the most important one emerging because the people in that class had different tastes in art and ________________________ and they had the ________________ to buy or make the products they needed. This new class produced _______________________________ . New ideas and freedom of expression of quality can be found in _____________________________ (buildings, cathedrals, etc.), _____________ (ballads, plays), and ________ and craft unions.

merchant class

ideasmoney

“people’s art”

architectureart guilds

The Great Happenings

38) To understand English literature from the period of King William to that of Henry VII (1485 – 1509), we must be aware of several specific events that radically influenced the course of English _____________________________ and English _______________________. The Crusades, the martyrdom of Thomas a Becket, the Magna Carta, The One Hundred Years’ War, and the Black Death changed England and affected world history.

historylife

The Great Happenings continued

39)The struggle between the ____________________ in the 14th century (1300’s) was really an extension of the Crusades, a series of __________________________ during the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries. Both groups were fighting for ___________________________, also known as ___________. ________________________ played significant roles in these Crusades, most notably ______________________________ who took part in the 3rd Crusade. The _____________________ won.

Muslims and Christians

religious wars

Jerusalem Holy LandEnglish Kings

Richard the Lionhearted

Muslims

The Great Happenings continued

40)A result of these wars was that English society benefitted from contact with ___________ , especially in the areas of Eastern ______________________________, astronomy, ________________________ and crafts. This exposure led to a more rich and _____________________ life.

higher civilizationmathematics

architecturevaried

The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket

41)In The Canterbury Tales, Chaucer’s pilgrims were going to _________________________ to visit the __________________________________________________. Thomas a Becket was called the Holy Blissful Martyr. He was born in 1118 and died in _______________. He was a ___________________ who rose to power (as prime minister and later Archbishop) under his friend _____________________.

42) During this time, all Christians belong to the ________________________ Church.

43)The king, then, was the vassal of the ______________, who was the head of the church and the representative of ____________________ .

Canterburyshrine of Thomas a Becket

Roman CatholicHenry II

Roman CatholicPope

God

1170

The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket continued

44)Henry II appointed Thomas a Becket the Archbishop of Canterbury (_____________ of the Catholic Church in England) because he thought he would be able to ____________________ the ___________________ through his friend. However, Henry II underestimated Becket’s _______________________________ to God and the Church. More than once, Becket sided with the _______________________ rather than the _________________ and this frustrated and angered the king.

45)In a fit of ___________, the king voiced his anger to his knights, saying “Won’t no one __________ me of this _______________________ (meddlesome) priest?” The knights took him seriously, and four of them entered the Canterbury Cathedral and __________________ Becket in the church!

Headcontrol

Churchcommitment

church king

ragerid

troublesome

killed

The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket continued

46)Results of this rash deed impacted England: A) Thomas a Becket became a __________________ B) the public was ____________________ and C) the king lost ______________________________ .

47)At the worst, this loss of power for the king and the gain of power for the Church produced __________________ of church. This can best be illustrated in several characters from The Canterbury Tales: A) the MONK, who lived a life of __________________ with no concern for the ____________, B) the FRIAR, who chases _______________ and ____________________ and hangs out at _______________, and C + D) the SUMMONER and PARDONER, who ____________________ people with threats of _________________ damnation for __________________ or wine.

martyr outragedpower and respectcorruption

luxurypoor womenmoney bars

blackmail,eternal money

The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket continued

48)The most positive effect of the medieval Church’s power was that it fostered ___________________. One unifying factor was that the Church continued to be the _____________________ with __________ as its language, the international tongue of __________________ European people.

49) The Church’s leader, the _________, was king of all ______________, whose “kingdom” had no boundaries.

50)What was happening in the monasteries also brought unity to England: they were becoming the ______________________ and publishers of the times.

cultural unitycenter of learning

Latineducated

Popekings

libraries

The Martyrdom of Thomas A Becket continued

51) The Church maintained a unified _____________________ and symbols that transcended (went beyond) the __________________________ of Europe, making people more equal, at least in church.

system of beliefs

national cultures

The Magna Carta

52) The Magna Carta, also known as the ______________, was signed in ________ by ________________________ . He was __________________ to sign it by the English ______ because they wanted the Church to have no power. The __________________________________ backed King John, as he wanted the Church to retain power. The result of the king signing this document was _________________________________________________.

Great Charter1215 King John

forced

loss of central Papal (Pope)barons

the church lost power

The Magna Carta continued

53) The Magna Cara was written by ________________ for _____________________ with no interest in the rights of __________________ people.

54)However, something good did come from this document: It became the basis for English ________________________ where we get certain rights – 1) trial by _______________ and 2) legislative ______________________.

aristocratsaristocratscommon

constitutional lawjury

taxation

The One Hundred Year’s War

55)Since war is usually associated with nationalism (the nation’s interests, etc.) and the Early Middle Ages had no nations as we know today, the first great ________________ war was waged by ________________ against ___________________________. Two English kings, ______________________ and __________________________ believed they had claims to the ___________________ throne.

56)This war lasted ___________ years, from __________________ to ______________________, and was fought on the continent, in other words, in __________________.

nationalEngland

Edward III France

Henry VFrench

116 13371453

France

The One Hundred Year’s War continued

57) Three important things came out of this war: A) a gradual development of a British _________________, B) England became more accurately represented by the green-clad _____________________, with his ______________________, rather that the chivalric ______________ in armor.

58)The figure of the yeoman, or small landowner, came from ________________________ in France.

national consciousness

yeomanlongbow

knight

British armies

The One Hundred Year’s War continued

59)The yeoman’s ___________________ and yard-long __________________ that shot farther and could pierce armor helped bring about the downfall/demise of both the _____________ and the knight as symbols of significant ___________________________.

60)The modern _________________________________ was born. By 1250, the ENGLISH LANGUANGE had spread to the _________________________ classes.

longbowarrows

castlemilitary power

Democratic England

upper

The Black Death

61)Three blows to feudalism include A) the Black _______________ B) the Hundred Years’ War (with the introduction of ______________________ and the longbow), and C) the development of a universal __________________ system (supported by the migration of people to cities).

62)Another name for the Black Death is the __________________. This epidemic happened in England during a one-year period, from _________________ to _______________. It is a highly _______________________ disease spread by ___________________ from __________________________. It caused tumors and black splotching on the skin.

plaguegunpowder

monetary

Bubonic plague

1348 1349infectious/contagiousfleas infected rats

The Black Death continued

63)Three effects of the bubonic plague include A) it reduced England’s population by __________, B) it created a _________________ shortage, which gave ________________ more leverage/power, and ultimately led to C) the serfs’ __________________________ (this was the last blow to feudalism).

64)By the time Henry VII married in 1485 and reconciled the warring Houses of York and Lancaster, the __________________ had officially ended. Henry VII, a strong king, was first in the __________________ lineage. The _________________ would lead to the beginning of the Renaissance, with ________________________________ ruling.

1/3labor serfs

freedom

Middle AgesTudors Tudors

Queen Elizabeth I

The Black Death continued

65)A major event happened in 1450 that __________________ the world: the invention of the ______________________ (moveable type) by Johann Gutenberg in Germany.

revolutionizedprinting press