CHAPTER 1 – TREATY OF VERSAILLES

LESSON OBJECTIVES

Paris Peace ConferenceJigsaw Activity!

Treaty of Versailles Terms

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE1919

THE SETTING

PALACE OF VERSAILLES

PALACE OF VERSAILLES

PALACE OF VERSAILLES

Louis XIV

The Sun King

PALACE OF VERSAILLES

Hall of Mirrors

THE CONFERENCE

VIDEO

WHY DID I SHOW YOU THE VIDEO?

Appreciate the existence of different points of viewWhen you look at a particular event from

different perspectives, you will notice different things

TAKE A LOOK AGAIN

PERSPECTIVE-TAKING

When you look at an event from different perspectives, you get a better appreciation of it!

BACKGROUND

War ended in November 1918 when Germany agreed to sign an armisticeGermany didn’t feel that it had been

defeated and expected to be consulted on the terms of the treaty However, Germany was not invited to the Paris Peace

Conference

An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.

JIGSAW ACTIVITY

Look at pages 6-7Take 3 mins to look at what each

power wanted from the Conference and why3A6 - USA3A7 – France3A8 - Britain3A9 - Italy

Lloyd GeorgePrime Minister

Britain

WHAT THE ALLIES SAID THEY WANTED

“…the settlement should be considered a basis of accommodation and change , rather than fulfillment and repression.”

“…If Germany felt she has been unjustly treated in the peace of 1919 she will find means of exacting retribution from her conquerors”

How do you think the British Prime Minister Lloyd George wanted to treat Germany?

The British Prime minister would have wanted to treat Germany fairly because he was afraid that “if Germany felt she has been unjustly treated in the peace of 1919 she will find means of exacting retribution from her conquerors”.

WHAT THE ALLIES SAID THEY WANTED

French president, Georges Clemenceau felt that the treaty had to be strict.

“I have not decided how this will be accomplished. I beg you to understand my feelings, as I am trying to understand yours. America is far away, protected by an ocean. Britain could not be reached even by Napoleon himself. You are, both of you are, sheltered, we are not”

How do you think the French President Clemenceau would have wanted to treat Germany?

He would have wanted to weaken Germany so as to prevent Germany from attacking France again since France had no natural protection from Germany. This can be seen from “America is far away, protected by an ocean. Britain could not be reached even by Napoleon himself. You are, both of you are, sheltered, we are not”.

• The Anglo-Japanese alliance drew Japan into WWI.

• Japan wanted to be seen as a world power and to gain control over German possessions in Asia and the Pacific.

Give us what we deserve…

LET’S HEAR FROM YOU…

TERMS OF THE TOV

THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES (1919) …A "TREATY TO END ALL WARS."

WHAT’S THE MESSAGE OF THIS CARTOON?

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THE TOV A FAIR TREATY?Inquiry Question

GARGLS !!

THINK LIKE A GERMAN!!

GUILT CLAUSE

Germany had to accept blame for causing WWI

Guilty pay reparations!!

Why?Ensure that Germany would be punished

for the damage that had been done during WWI.

ARMED FORCES AND NAVAL RESTRICTIONS

Rhineland demilitarised - Impact?

Germany’s army reduced to 100,000 soldiers Conscription prohibited

ARMED FORCES AND NAVAL RESTRICTIONS

Why?

Germany would never be able to build up a large reserve force, which it could call up in the event of war.

Weak German military =Less able to start a war

REPARATIONS

REPARATIONS

Germany had to pay for the damages caused by the war

269 billion gold Reichmarks – paid through ongoing payments and through the surrender of coal and other resources

REPARATIONS

Why?They needed money to repair the

damage done during WWI, and since they held Germany responsible for the War, Germany had to fund the repairs.

Effect?Slow recovery,

resentment

GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES

Rhineland demilitarised

Alsace-Lorraine returned to France

Saar to be run by League of Nations until 1934 – all profits from the industries to be given to France

GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES

Austria and Germany not allowed to unite

GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES

‘Polish Corridor’ created – East Prussia separated from rest of Germany

Germany lost all coloniesAfrica – divided

between Britain and France

Asia-Pac – most given up to Japan

Why?Make Germany weakerAllies would benefit from the

land, people and resources that they would gain by taking over these territories.

GERMAN TERRITORIAL LOSSES

LEAGUE OF NATIONS (LON) League of Nations (LON) was to be

establishedWhy?

Prevent future armed conflicts by giving countries opportunities to resolve their disputes without going to war

SELF-DETERMINATION

Principle of Self-Determination called for the creation of independent nation states for the various ethnic groups within Central Europe

Why?They wanted to give people who shared a

common culture, history and language the right to form and run their own country.

SELF-DETERMINATION

9 new states created. What were they? Compare the two maps.

SELF-DETERMINATION

Problem with self-determination:The idea was difficult to put in place as

the different ethnic groups intermingled and this made it impossible to form states with only one ethnic group

RESPONSES TO THE TOV

THINK-PAIR-SHARE (3 MINS)

If you were a German in 1919, how would you feel about the Treaty’s terms?

Look at the terms

Many in Germany were angry and humiliated at being made to sign the TOV. They felt that the treaty was too harsh and unfair.

Sections of the population even felt that the German representatives who signed the treaty had ‘stabbed Germany in the back’

HOMEWORK

Look