pemisahan anion dan kation

Kata PengantarAssalamualaikum Wr. Wb Puji syukur kehadirat Tuhan Yang Maha Esa karena atas rahmat dan karunia-Nya lah kami dapat menyelesaikan makalah ini. Makalah ini disusun untuk memenuhi persyaratan ujian semester gasal dalam mata diklat Praktikum Kimia Terpadu 2. Makalah ini berisi materi mengenai pemisahan anion dalam analisis kualitatif. Kami juga ingin mengucapkan terima kasih kepada para pembimbing mata diklat Praktikum Kimia Terpadu-2 serta berbagai pihak yang telah membantu kami dalam proses penyelesaian makalah ini. Kami berharap makalah ini dapat bermanfaat bagi siapa saja yang membacanya.

Wassalamualaikum Wr. Wb.,

Bogor, Mei 2011

Penyusun

1

Daftar IsiPengantar.....................................................................................................................................i Daftar Isi....................................................................................................................................ii SULFIDA...................................................................................................................................3 Kelarutan................................................................................................................................4 Reaksi Anion Khlorida dengan Berbagai Kation...................................................................5 Asam Khlorida atau Asam Sulfat encer...............................................................................13 Perak Nitrat..........................................................................................................................14 Timbal Asetat.......................................................................................................................14 Barium Khlorida...................................................................................................................14 Perak.....................................................................................................................................14 Natrium Nitroprusida (Na2[Fe(CN)5NO])............................................................................15 Uji Biru Metilena.................................................................................................................15 Uji Reaksi Katalisis dari Iod-Azida.....................................................................................16 KHLORIDA.............................................................................................................................18 Kelarutan..............................................................................................................................19 Asam Sulfat Pekat................................................................................................................20 Mangan Dioksida dan Asam Sulfat Pekat............................................................................21 Perak Nitrat..........................................................................................................................21 Timbal Asetat.......................................................................................................................22 Kalium Diktromat dan Asam Sulfat.....................................................................................22 (Uji Kromil Khlorida)..........................................................................................................22 Bromida....................................................................................................................................25 Kelarutan..............................................................................................................................26 Asam Sulfat Pekat................................................................................................................27 1

Mangan Dioksida dan Asam Sulfat Pekat............................................................................27 Perak Nitrat..........................................................................................................................27 Air Klor................................................................................................................................28 Kalium Dikhromat dan Asam Sulfat Pekat..........................................................................28 Asam Nitrat..........................................................................................................................28 Uji Fluoresein.......................................................................................................................29 Uji Fuksin.............................................................................................................................30 (atas suatu Magenta)............................................................................................................30 IODIDA....................................................................................................................................31 Kelarutan..............................................................................................................................32 Asam Sulfat Pekat................................................................................................................32 Perak Nitrat..........................................................................................................................32 Timbal Asetat.......................................................................................................................33 Air Khlor..............................................................................................................................33 Kalium Dikromat dan Asam Sulfat Pekat............................................................................33 Natrium Nitrit.......................................................................................................................33 Tembaga Sulfat....................................................................................................................34 Merkurium (II) Khlorida......................................................................................................34 Larutan Kanji.......................................................................................................................34 Uji Reduksi Katalitik Garam Serium...................................................................................35 Uji Paladium (II) Khlorida...................................................................................................35 Bagan Pemisahan.....................................................................................................................36 Proses Awal..........................................................................................................................38 Uji Golongan Cl-..................................................................................................................38 Pustaka.....................................................................................................................................41 SULFAT...................................................................................................................................44 Kelarutan..............................................................................................................................45 Barium Khlorida...................................................................................................................48 Timbal Asetat.......................................................................................................................49 Perak Nitrat..........................................................................................................................50 Uji Natrium Rodizonat.........................................................................................................50 Uji Kalium Permanganat Barium Sulfat...........................................................................51 Merkurium (II) Nitrat...........................................................................................................52 Benzidina HidroKhlorida.....................................................................................................52

2

Bagan Pemisahan.....................................................................................................................53 Proses Awal..........................................................................................................................55 Uji Golongan SO42--..............................................................................................................55 Pustaka.....................................................................................................................................56 Pustaka

3

PEMISAHAN ANION GOLONGAN KHLORIDA

1

Anion-anion GPorsi B Untuk uji Gol. SO42Porsi A Untuk uji Gol. ClPorsi C Cadangan PbCl2 , Pb Br2 , PbI2 PbS Hitam ada S2dipisahkan

Saringa n

AgCl, AgBr, AgI

Ag2 S Dibuang

NH4Cl, NH4Br, NH4I

Larutan

Larutan

Warna kuning ada Br-

sindur

1

+ Na2CO3 Dididihkan lalu dipusingkan

Anion SULFIDA

Air pencuci + air saringan dibagi 3 porsi

+ Pb(NO3)2 Dikocok lalu dipusingkan

+ HNO3 + AgNO3

Kelarutan

Dididihkan lalu dipusingkan

Reaksi Anion Sulfida Berbagai Kation

dengan+ NH4OH + (NH4)2S

Asam Khlorida atau Asam Sulfat Dipusingkan Encer Perak Nitrat Timbal Asetat Barium Khlorida Perak(2)Diuapkan, dipusingkan Saringan diencerkan + HNO3 + Fe(NO3) + CCL4 , Dikocok

Natrium Nitroprusida Dididihkan Uji Biru Metilena + HNO3(1) dalam cawan 15 menit + Uji ReaksiKMnO4 & CCl4 dari Iod-Azida Katalisis + KMnO4 Diku