Metabolismus SACHARID

Ing. Jan Novk

Fze metabolismu sacharid: tpen polysacharid a disacharid na monosacharidy glykolza tpen glukzy (6C) na 2 x pyruvt (3C) pemna pyruvtuanaerobn( kvaen )aerobn ( dchn) mlnalkoholov laktt etanol + CO2Krebsv (citrtov) cyklus CO2

TPEN CUKR

Fruktza-6-fosft (6C)Dihydroxyacetonfosft (3C)Glukza (6C)Glukza-6-fosft (6C)Fruktza-1,6-bisfosft (6C)Glyceraldehyd-3-fosft (3C)glukokinzaglukosafosftizomerzafosfofruktokinzaaldolzaaldolzatriosafosftizomerzaGLYKOLZA

Fruktza-6-fosft (6C)Dihydroxyacetonfosft (3C)Glykogen (1M a 16M C)Glukza-6-fosft (6C)Fruktza-1,6-bisfosft (6C)Glyceraldehyd-3-fosft (3C)glykogenzaglukosafosftizomerzafosfofruktokinzaaldolzaaldolzatriosafosftizomerzaGLYKOGENOLZAGlukza-1-fosft (6C)fosfoglukomutza

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3-fosfoglycert (3C)Pyruvt (3C)1,3-bisfosfoglycert (3C)2-fosfoglycert (3C)glyceraldehyd-3-fosft dehydrogenzafosfoglycertmutzaaldolzaGlyceraldehyd-3-fosft (3C)fosfoglycertkinzaFosfenolpyruvt (3C)pyruvtkinza2 x

ENERGETICK BILANCE:GLUKOLZY (na 1 mol glukzy) SPOTEBOVNO: 2 ATP VZNIKNE: 4 ATP ( 2 ATP x 2) CELKEM: + 2 ATP......... dle vzniknou 2 NADH+H+ , piem NADH+H+ lze oxidovat takto:NADH+H+ + O2 + 3 ADP + 3 Pi NAD+ + 3 ATP + H2O potenciln lze dostat oxidac 2 NADH+H+ : + 6 ATP

ENERGETICK BILANCE:GLYKOGENOLZY (na 1 mol glukzy) SPOTEBOVNO: 1 ATP (vznik glukza-6-fosft) VZNIKNE: 4 ATP ( 2 ATP x 2) CELKEM: + 3 ATP......... dle vzniknou 2 NADH+H+ , piem NADH+H+ lze oxidovat takto:NADH+H+ + O2 + 3 ADP + 3 Pi NAD+ + 3 ATP + H2O potenciln lze dostat oxidac 2 NADH+H+ : + 6 ATP

mikroorganismy vyuit v potravinstv ( jogurty, sry ....)ivoichov - svalov glykolza v pnpruhovanm svalstvu Bhem intenzivn prce svalstva nesta krev zsobovat svaly kyslkem (nedochz k oxidaci NADH+H+ na NAD+ a 3 ATP). Regenerace NADH+H+ probh reakc s pyruvtem za vzniku NAD+ a lakttu.Nevznik pitom ATP !!! Regenerace NADH+H+ m v tomto ppad 0 ATP vtek !Laktt hromadc se v bukch me poruit acidobazickou rovnovhu tlo se brn signlem k omezen nmahy bolestiv a namhav dchn, bolest sval a hlavy. Laktt ze sval pechz krv do jater, kde se vyuije pro syntzu glukogenu.Pyruvt (3C)Laktt (3C)lakttdehydrogenzaANAEROBN KVAENMLN KVAEN

Nevznik pitom ATP !!! Regenerace NADH+H+ m v tomto ppad 0 ATP vtek !Pyruvt (3C)Etanol (2C)ANAEROBN KVAENALKOHOLOV KVAENCO2 (1C)AEROBN KVAENOCTOV KVAENEtanol (2C)Acetaldehyd (2C) O2 Kyselina octov(2C) O2

Pyruvt (3C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+Acetyl-CoA (2C)Oxalacett (4C)Citrt (6C)Izocitrt (6C)Alfa-ketoglutart (5C)Sukcinyl-CoA (4C)Sukcint (4C)Fumart (4C)Malt (4C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+NADH + H+NAD+CO2GTPGDPPFADH2FADNAD+NADH + H+

Pyruvt (3C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+Acetyl-CoA (2C)Oxalacett (4C)Citrt (6C)Izocitrt (6C)Alfa-ketoglutart (5C)Sukcinyl-CoA (4C)Sukcint (4C)Fumart (4C)Malt (4C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+NADH + H+NAD+CO2GTPGDPPFADH2FADNAD+NADH + H+citrtsyntzadekarboxylzadehydrogenzadehydrogenzadekarboxylzadehydrogenzadehydrogenzadehydrogenzadekarboxylza

Pemna pyruvtu na acetyl-CoA a kad otoka cyklu poskytuje 4 NADH a jeden FADH2 pro oxidaci pes flavoprotein-cytochromov etzec+ tvorba 1 GTP, kter je okamit pemnn na ATP.

Pyruvt (3C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+Acetyl-CoA (2C)Oxalacett (4C)Citrt (6C)Izocitrt (6C)Alfa-ketoglutart (5C)Sukcinyl-CoA (4C)Sukcint (4C)Fumart (4C)Malt (4C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+NADH + H+NAD+CO2GTPGDPPFADH2FADNAD+NADH + H+

Pyruvt (ale tak tuky a ostatn redukovan uhlkat etzce) poskytuj vodk pro NAD+ a FAD+ a ty putuj podl flavoprotein-cytochromovho etzce.

NADH + H+321ADP+PiADP+PiADP+PiATPATPATPNAD+Pyruvt (ale tak tuky a ostatn redukovan uhlkat etzce) poskytuj vodk pro NAD+ a FAD+ a ty putuj podl flavoprotein-cytochromovho etzce.Aktivizuj ATP-syntzu k produkci ATP z ADP a Pi.H2+

FADH + H+21ADP+PiADP+PiATPATPFAD+Pyruvt (ale tak tuky a ostatn redukovan uhlkat etzce) poskytuj vodk pro NAD+ a FAD+ a ty putuj podl flavoprotein-cytochromovho etzce. Aktivizuj ATP-syntzu k produkci ATP z ADP a Pi.H2+

NAD+ + H2+ + 3 ADP = NADH + H+ + 3 ATP FAD+ + H2+ + 2 ADP = FADH + H+ + 2 ATP

NADH+ + H+NAD+1,3-di P glycertglyceraldehyd 3-Ppyruvtlaktt

NADH+ + H+NAD+1,3-di P glycertglyceraldehyd 3-PpyruvtKrebsv cyklus3 ATP

ENERGETICK ZISK AEROBN GLUKOLZYglyceraldehyd 3-P1,3-di P glycert3 ATP

Pyruvt (3C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+Acetyl-CoA (2C)Oxalacett (4C)Citrt (6C)Izocitrt (6C)Alfa-ketoglutart (5C)Sukcinyl-CoA (4C)Sukcint (4C)Fumart (4C)Malt (4C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+NADH + H+NAD+CO2GTPGDPPFADH2FADNAD+NADH + H+

ENERGETICK ZISK AEROBN GLUKOLZYglyceraldehyd 3-PV1,3-di P glycert3 ATPpyruvtacetyl CoA3 ATP

Pyruvt (3C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+Acetyl-CoA (2C)Oxalacett (4C)Citrt (6C)Izocitrt (6C)Alfa-ketoglutart (5C)Sukcinyl-CoA (4C)Sukcint (4C)Fumart (4C)Malt (4C)CO2NAD+NADH + H+NADH + H+NAD+CO2GTPGDPPFADH2FADNAD+NADH + H+

ENERGETICK ZISK AEROBN GLUKOLZYglyceraldehyd 3-PV1,3-di P glycert3 ATPpyruvtacetyl CoA3 ATPKrebsv cyklus12 ATPCELKEM18 ATPZ 1 MOLEKULY GLUKZY 2 MOLEKULY GLYCERALDEHYDUZ 1 MOLEKULY GLUKZY 36 ATP

ENERGETICK ZISK AEROBN GLYKOLZYZ 1 MOLEKULY GLUKZY AEROBN 36 ATPANAEROBN GLUKOLZA 2 ATPZ GLUKZY CELKEM 38 ATP

ENERGETICK ZISK AEROBN GLYKOGENOLZYZ 1 MOLEKULY GLYKOGENU AEROBN 36 ATPANAEROBN GLYKOGENOLZA 3 ATPZ GLYKOGENU CELKEM 39 ATP

ENERGETICK ZISK AEROBN GLUKOLZY NEBO GLYKOGENOLZYAEROBN GLUKOLZA JE 19-KRT INNJ (EFEKTIVNJ, VNOSNJ)NE ANAEROBN GLYKOLZA38 ATP : 2 ATP = 19 : 1AEROBN GLYKOGENOLZA JE 13-KRT INNJ (EFEKTIVNJ, VNOSNJ)NE ANEROBN GLYKOGENOLZA39 ATP : 3 ATP = 13 : 1