middle ages
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Middle Ages. Including Feudalism, Charlemagne, the role of the Church, and the Crusades. It all started with the fall of the Roman Empire. Rome is captured in 410 AD. Medieval Europe. Background The Middle Ages occurred from the fall of the Roman Empire to the beginning of the modern era. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Middle Ages
Including Feudalism, Charlemagne, the role of the Church, and the Crusades
It all started with the fall of the Roman Empire
Rome is captured in 410 AD
Medieval EuropeBackgroundThe Middle Ages occurred from the fall of the
Roman Empire to the beginning of the modern era.
The Middle Ages were a dark age for Europe. Near constant invasions and scant resources required that Europeans develop a new system for living. This system included all aspects of life, social, political, and economic. It was called Feudalism.
FeudalismFeudalism was a social, political, and
economic system that dominated all aspects of medieval life. The economic portion of feudalism was centered around the lord's estates or manor, and is called manorialism. A lord's manor would include peasant villages, a church, farm land, a mill, and the lord's castle or manor house
ManorialismManors were self sufficient; all economic activity
occurred on the manor. This meant that little to no trade occurred during this time period. Most of the peasants during the Middle Ages were serfs. Serfs were given land to farm in exchange for service to their lord. Service included working in the fields, maintaining roads and the manor, or military service in during wars. .
The lords had responsibilities also under this system. In return for the services and taxes paid by the peasants, they provided land and protection to them. Lords also had to pay fees and give service to high lords and the king. Feudalism affected all levels of society
The Feudal System
KingsGive large land grants to Upper Lords called fiefs
Give ProtectionReceives money, military service, and advice
Upper LordsGive land grants to Lesser Lords
Give ProtectionReceives money, military service
Lesser LordsGive land grants to knights
Receives money, military service
KnightsGive land to peasants/serfs
Receives crops, labor
Peasants/ SerfsReceives land to farm Pays with labor, crops
Comparison of Feudalism in Europe and Japan
Europe Japan
Nobility King, lord, lesser lord
Emperor, shogun, daimyo
Warriors Knights Samurai
Code of Conduct
Chivalry Bushido
Both practices developed in response to the need for security and stability everyone had well-defined social roles
helped preserve law and order
The Age of Charlemagne
In a time of chaos, one ruler arose to unite most of the western regions of the fallen Western Roman Empire. That ruler was Charles, king
of the Franks, or Charlemagne.
Wanted to recreate the Roman Empire.
On Christmas Day, 800, Pope Leo III crowned him Holy Roman Emperor.
During the middle ages two distinct Christian churches emerged
Roman Catholic Eastern Orthodox
Role of the ChurchSpiritual: Religion was a central part of life for
medieval people from baptism to marriage. Secular: In addition to being the social center of
the village, the church had economic power and political power. The Church was the largest landholder, gained wealth through tithing and had its own laws and courts which frequently clashed with King’s authority. Some parish priests ran schools.
The Roman Catholic Church had a great influence on the government, art, culture, and scientific theories during the Middle Ages.
The CrusadesIn the 1050’s the Seljuk Turks invade the Byzantine empire and conquered Palestine or the Holy land.
The Muslims and Jews also considered this their Holy Land.
The Pope called for a crusade to free the Holy Land.
Reasons for the CrusadesThe Pope wanted to increase his power
Christians believed it was their duty to recover the Holy Land
Nobles wanted to gain wealth.Adventurers sought travel and excitement
Serfs hoped to escape feudal oppression
The Black DeathThe bubonic plague was a highly infectious
disease spread by the fleas on rats. Rats were common in the cities of this time.
This particular outbreak first appeared in China In the early 1300’s with deaths of about 35 million Chinese.
It was a global epidemic that that spread through the increased trade between counties.
Between 1347 and 1353, the plague killed on person out of every three in Europe over 25 million.
